Educational Leadership: Outline of Chapters 1 & 2: Organizational Behavior in Education by Robert G. Owens
Educational Leadership: Outline of Chapters 1 & 2: Organizational Behavior in Education by Robert G. Owens
Educational Leadership: Outline of Chapters 1 & 2: Organizational Behavior in Education by Robert G. Owens
Dr. T. Valesky
Owens’ Prospective
Chapter 1
Why study Organizational Behavior?
– Leadership is defined as “working with and
through other people to achieve organizational
goals” (Owens, p.2).
2. Use systematic methods for selecting workers and training them for
specific jobs.
Tall Organizations:
– Longer chain of command and communication
– Many layers of responsibility
– Slow decision making
– Smaller span of control, which encourages more
decision making and control
– at higher levels
Tall v. Flat (continued)
Flat Organizations:
– Shorter chain of command and communication
– Fewer layers of responsibility
– Faster decision making
– Larger span of control, which encourages
decision making at lower levels
Beginnings of Human Relations
Theory in Management
Mary Parker Follett modified classical organization theory:
focusing on decision making at lower levels of the organization;
opening up communication horizontally;
permitting a "situational" approach in which lower levels in the
organization could self-adjust to meet their needs;
acknowledging that management is a dynamic process and must
respond to emerging situations;
a focus on dealing with conflict by "integration": bring out in
open and seek a win-win situation.
Mary Parker Follett bridged the gap from classical organization
theory to further study and reflection that resulted in the Human
Relations Movement.
Hawthorne Plant of Western Electric--
Illumination and Bank Wire Experiments
Follett’s work used knowledge learned from the Hawthorne Plant’s
studies.
morale
group dynamics
motivation
democratic supervision personnel relations
1.
Others of Importance to the
Human Relations Movement
1. Kurt Lewin: group decision making and leadership
studies
2. Jacob Moreno: sociometric analysis (sociograms)
3. Robert Bales: Interaction Analysis led to finding that
successful groups have someone who:
– keeps the group focused on accomplishing the task
(task orientation)
– focuses on maintaining productive human relationships
in the group (relations or maintenance orientation)
Organizational Behavior Movement (combines
Classical Org. Theory with Human Relations--
focusing more on structure, less on people)