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Internal Combustion Engines: Turbo Chargers

Turbochargers use exhaust gas to drive a turbine, which spins an air compressor to force more air into the engine. Originally, turbochargers had two problems - producing too much air at high speeds and not enough at low speeds. To address this, a bypass was added to allow some exhaust to pass around the turbine. Later, adjustable vanes were introduced to control turbine speed across all engine speeds, minimizing lag. The vanes are controlled by an ECU and vacuum system to optimize air pressure based on driving conditions.

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Muhammad Saqib
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94 views15 pages

Internal Combustion Engines: Turbo Chargers

Turbochargers use exhaust gas to drive a turbine, which spins an air compressor to force more air into the engine. Originally, turbochargers had two problems - producing too much air at high speeds and not enough at low speeds. To address this, a bypass was added to allow some exhaust to pass around the turbine. Later, adjustable vanes were introduced to control turbine speed across all engine speeds, minimizing lag. The vanes are controlled by an ECU and vacuum system to optimize air pressure based on driving conditions.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Saqib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Internal Combustion Engines

Turbo Chargers

1
The basic principle of an exhaust gas turbocharger

Increasing air density

Chamber of crafts
ARNSBERG
Turbo charger
The exhaust gas turbocharger fitted with a by-pass

A turbocharger has two sets of problems:

• The turbine speed at the top end of the speed range is


high and the air is compressed more than is necessary.

• At the bottom end of the speed range, the exhaust gas


turbine does not reach the required speed. The air is
not compressed sufficiently and the engine is unable
to deliver the desired power output (turbo lag).

It was decided to make a compromise regarding the


design of the exhaust gas turbocharger fitted with a by-
pass.

Chamber of crafts
ARNSBERG
Turbo charger
Turbo charger with by-pass

Intake
manifold
pressure

Disatvantages:

ECU is not able to influence the


pressure

Turbo lag
Chamber of crafts
ARNSBERG
Turbo charger
The adjustable Turbocharger

Advantages:
produces the necessary
compression not only at the
top end of the speed range
but also across the full
speed range

nearly no Turbo lag


Chamber of crafts
ARNSBERG
Turbo charger
Function

Same (low) pressure everywhere

Ordinary pipe

Narrowed pipe
high
pressure

High speed

Venturi effect

Chamber of crafts
ARNSBERG
Turbo charger
Low engine speed and high charge pressure High engine speed
are required

Since the exhaust gas is forced to pass through the In contrast to the by-pass, the entire exhaust gas flow
restricted cross-section more quickly, the turbine can be fed through the turbine in this way
wheel rotates faster.
The vanes free a larger inlet cross-section, thereby
The high turbine speed at low engine speed ensuring that the required charge pressure is not
generates the required charge pressure exceeded.

Chamber of crafts
ARNSBERG
Turbo charger
Adjusting the vanes

Chamber of crafts
ARNSBERG
Turbo charger
Chamber of crafts
ARNSBERG
Turbo charger
Vacuum control for flat vane angle adjustment

Pulse wide of signal

Atmosphere Vacuum

About 80%

This vane position allows the lowest possible charge pressure build-up.

The engine control unit controls the solenoid valve for vacuum supply.

The maximum vacuum can, as a result, act on the low-pressure box.

Chamber of crafts
ARNSBERG
Turbo charger
Vacuum control for steep vane angle adjustment

Pulse wide of signal

Atmosphere Vacuum

About 20%

Atmospheric pressure is fed into the low pressure box.

The vanes are adjusted at a steep angle.

This position is also the adjustment used in emergency operation.

Chamber of crafts
ARNSBERG
Turbo charger
Vacuum control for intermediate stages of vane adjustment

Pulse wide of signal

Changing between 20 and 80%

More or less power must be available to the engine to cater for momentary driving conditions. Therefore, the
turbocharger must deliver the optimum charge pressure.

Chamber of crafts
ARNSBERG
Turbo charger
System overview

Chamber of crafts
ARNSBERG
Turbo charger
System Components

Chamber of crafts
ARNSBERG
Turbo charger
Wiring diagram

Chamber of crafts
ARNSBERG
Turbo charger

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