13-Nov-18

LOGIC GATES
13-Nov-18

Definition
• Digital logic is the representation of electrical
signals and sequences of digital circuit through
numbers.
• Signal or Input will be 0 or 1
• Inputs may be one, two or more
• Implementation of Number Systems
• Basic Concept
• Logic Gates
13-Nov-18

Logic
Gates
• A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit.
• Most logic gates have two inputs and one output.
• At any given moment, every terminal is in one of the two binary
conditions low (0) or high (1), represented by different voltage
levels.
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What are the basic digital logic

OR
Gate:
• The OR gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) if
one or more of its inputs are high
• An OR gate is a digital logic gate with two or more inputs and one
output that performs logical operation. The output of an OR gate is
true when one or more of its inputs are true
• Truth Table
Symbol
X Z
Y X OR
0 0 0 Z
0 1 1
1 0 1 Y
Z = X | Y
1 1 1
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AND
Gate:
• The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output
(1) only if all of its inputs are high
• An AND gate is a digital logic gate with two or more inputs and
one output that performs logical operation. The output of an
AND gate is true when both or all of its inputs are true
• Truth Table
Symbol AND

X Y Z
X
0 0 0
0 1 0 Z
1 0 0 Y
1 1 1

Z = X & Y
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NOT
Gate:
• The NOT gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output
(1) if input is low (0) and gives low (0) output if input is high (1).
• It simply invert the input
• Truth Table
Symbol
NO
X Y
X T
0 1 Y
1 0
Y = ~X
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NAND
Gate:
• A NAND gate is a logic gate which produces an output which is
false only if all its inputs are true
• Its output is complement of an AND gate
• Truth Table
Symbol NAND
X
Y0 0 1 X
Z0 1 1 Z
1 0 1
1 1 0 Y

Z = ~(X & Y)
nand(Z,X,Y)
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NOR
Gate:
• The NOR gate is a digital logic gate that produces logical high
output if both the inputs to the gate are low
• Its output is complement of an OR gate
• Truth Table
Symbol
X Y Z X
0 0 1 Z
0 1 0 Y
1 0 0
1 1 0 Z = ~(X | Y)
nor(Z,X,Y)
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Exclusive-OR or XOR
Gate:
• The XOR gate is a digital logic gate that gives a true output
when the number of true inputs is odd
• When inputs are same the output low
• When inputs are different the output high
• Truth Table
Symbol
X Y XOR
X
0
Z 0 0 Z
Y
0 1 1
1 0 1 Z = X ^ Y
1 1 0 XOR(Z,X,Y)
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XNOR or Exclusive-NOR
Gate:
• The XNOR gate is a digital logic gate whose function is the
logical complement of the exclusive OR gate
• The output of an XNOR gate is true when all of its inputs
are
true or when all of its inputs are false.
• Truth Symbol
Table
XNOR
X Y Z
X
0 0 1 Z
0 1 0 Y = ~(X ^ Y)
Z
1 0 0 Z = X ~^ Y
1 1 1 XNOR(Z,X,Y)
ADVANTAGES OF LOGIC GATES:
 It is generally very easy to reliably distinguish between
logic 1 or logic 0.
 The simplest flip-flop is the RS which is made up of two
gates.
 K-map is also designed by using logic gates. That
simplification helps when you start to connect gates to
implement the functions.
 These gates are also used in TTL and CMOS circuitry.