AXIS DUAL SOLAR TRACKING

SYSTEM WITH WEATHOR

SENSOR

Presented by: Guided by:

Dr. S. Om Kumar
R.V.S. Rukmini (11179C191)
Associate professor / ECE
S.Surya Vara Lakshmi (11179C218)
T. Vishnu(11179C230)
PLAN OF PRESENTATION

⮚ Abstract
⮚ Introduction
⮚ Literature survey
⮚ Existing System Vs Proposed System
⮚ Block Diagram of the Project
⮚ Hardware Requirements
⮚ Software Requirements
⮚ Modules of the Project
⮚ Advantages of the Project
⮚ Disadvantages of the Project
⮚ Applications of the Project
⮚ Progress of the Project so far
 ABSTRACT

� Solar power is the fastest growing means of renewable energy. The project is
designed and implemented using simple dual axis solar tracker system. In order to
maximize energy generation from sun, it is necessary to introduce solar tracking
systems into solar power systems. A dual-axis tracker can increase energy by
tracking sun rays from switching solar panel in various directions. This solar panel
can rotate in all directions. This dual axis solar tracker project can also be used to
sense weather, and it will be displayed on LCD. This system is powered by Arduino,
consists of servo motor, stepper motor, rain drop sensor, temperature and humidity
sensor and LCD.

� Keywords: Dual-axis, Solar Tracker, Arduino, Light Dependant Resistor.

 INTRODUCTION
� A high demand on the green and sustainable energy has been triggered research on solar
energy harvesting to be one of the most popular research topics on engineering,
particularly on renewable energy [1]. Many research study focus on designing and
developing efficient and reliable solar power systems. To improve and optimize efficiency
on solar energy absorption, solar tracking system and control have been becoming one of
the most important components on the solar power system
� The aim of this project is to analyze the performance of dual-axis solar tracking system. It
consists of three main structures which are the inputs, the controller and the output. The
inputs are from the LDRs, the Arduino as the controller and, the servo motor as the
output. In this project, the main controller which is the Arduino receives analog input
from LDRs and it converts the input into digital signal by using analog-to-digital (A- D)
converter. Then the controller sends the signal to the servo motor in order to determine the
movement of the solar pane
LITERATURE SURVEY
 Tracking process for the dual axis sun tracker

Author: Ahmed Rhif

Publish: International Journal of Control Theory & Computer Modeling Vol.2

� the sun tracker considered in our project has two degrees of freedom and is significant. In this
way, the tracker will have a set of sun positions at every second during the day for a period of five
years. After sunset, the tracker goes back to the initial position corresponding to sun rise.
� Experimental measurements show that this autonomic dual axis sun tracker increases the power
production by over 40%. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the sliding mode control in
the tracking process, its robustness and the high estimation quality of the sliding mode observer.
  A microcontroller based design which consists of light dependent resistors
AUTHOR : Md. Tanvir Arafat Khan

⮚ The prototype represents a method for tracking the sun in both normal and bad weather condition.
⮚ Moreover, the tracker can initialize the starting position by itself which reduces the need of any more
photo resistor
⮚ We have proposed a microcontroller based design which consists of light dependent resistors as sensor,
to be used as a tracking mechanism for PV Panels, of which one prototype is also constructed.
 Existing System Vs Proposed System

• Existing System • Proposed System

⮚ solar panels, with a record breaking efficiency

⮚Unreliable performance of solar
of more than 22 %(highest efficiency panels
pannel in cloudy or overcast commercially available), use cells with a unique
weather. one of a kind design that capture a broader range
of the sun’s light including red and blue wave
lengths.

⮚Lower Lifespan. ⮚ Greater lifespan.

⮚Lower Reliability. ⮚Greater Reliability.
Block Diagram Of Project
 MODULES OF THE PROJECT

� Microcontroller
� Analog to Digital Converter
� LDR
� Dual-axis
� Solar Tracker
� Arduino
� Temperature, Humidity, Rain Drop Sensors
� Servo Motors
 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
1. Atmega microcontroller 11. Diodes
2. Solar Panel 12. PCB and Breadboards
3. Servo Motor 13. LED
4. DC Motor 14. Transformer/Adapter
5. Rain Sensor 15. Push Buttons
6. Humidity Sensor 16. Switch
7. Temperature Sensor 17. IC
8. Resistor 18. IC Sockets
9. Capacitors 19. Cables and Connectors
10. Transistors
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

� Embedded C
� Arduino Compiler
 ARDUINO UNO
� The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on
� the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is
� equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
� various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six
� capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino
� IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by the
� USB cable or by an external 9-volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It
� is similar to the Arduino Nano and Leonardo. The hardware reference design is distributed under
� a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino
� website. Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available .
 ADVANTAGES OF PROJECT

� Trackers generate more electricity than their stationary counterparts due to increased direct
exposure to solar rays. This increase can be as much as 10 to 25% depending on the
geographic location of the tracking system.
� As there are many different kinds of solar trackers, such as single-axis and dual-axis trackers,
all of which can be the perfect fit for a unique job site. Installation size, local weather, degree
of latitude and electrical requirements are all important considerations that can influence the
type of solar tracker best suited for a specific solar installation.
� Solar trackers generate more electricity in roughly the same amount of space needed for
fixed-tilt systems, making them ideal for optimizing land usage.
� It is beneficial to generate a greater amount of electricity during these peak times of the day.
Using a tracking system helps maximize the energy gains during these peak time periods.
 APPLICATIONS OF THE
PROJECT

� Standard Dual Axis Tracker

� Solar Photo Voltaic Tracking
System
RESULT/DISCUSSION
RESULT/DISCUSSION
 RESULT/DISCUSSION

� There is an add on feature, in this project we have added a switch and real time
clock so that by pressing it shifts its mode to rtc where solar panel tends to rotate
according to time it can be helpful whenever there is less sunlight and cloudy or
dust particles.
� Moreover the output values of 2 sensors are displayed in lcd display. To monitor
the humidity and temperature value we have used dht11 and to detect the rainfall
value we used rain sensor.
 FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
� Single-axis
and dual-axis photovoltaic tracking system, with appropriate control systems, the electrical energy can increase
from 22–56%, compared to fixed PV system.
� Combinations of microprocessor- and sensor-based control systems represent the most commonly used control method as
well as the most efficient.
� Active tracking systems use electrical drives to move the axis, which can consume a huge amount of electrical energy
because of improper control systems. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the power consumption of electrical drives,
which can be done by reducing the number of motor movements.
� Sensor-based photovoltaic tracking systems are more expensive because of additional sensor devices, but provide lower
tracking error (0.14◦ ), compared to sensor less photovoltaic tracking systems (0.43◦ ).
� Electric motors used in PV tracking applications are exposed to weather conditions and are therefore designed to withstand
strong winds, and high temperatures and humidity.
� The most commonly used electric motor is permanent magnet brushless DC motors as they are easy to maintain.
� Novel innovative tracking systems will include dynamic weather forecasting and cooling of the PV system with wind or
water.
 CONCLUSION
� Solar tracking mechanisms improve the energy gain of solar power plants. A dual-axis
tracking system is generally the one that reaches the highest energy gain in every region. It
is therefore the most versatile system, since it can be installed anywhere, guaranteeing a
high energy gain. Solar trackers are recommended everywhere from an energetic point of
view, since they always increase the amount of collected energy. Two degrees of freedom
orientation is feasible. Arduino Uno controller is used to control the position of DC motors
which ensures point to point intermittent motion resulting from the DC geared motors.
Altitude angle is restricted between 0' to 8 r and azimuth angle is restricted between 60' to
300' in Baghdad. Standalone working and wireless communication is achieved with
computer which makes the system reliable and observable. The use of LDR sensors and
high precision angle sensors guarantees a more accurate and efficient tracking system. We
can know the whether condition surrounding it in LCD display.
 REFERENCE
� [1]Power from the sun. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.powerfromthesun.net/Boo kl [2] The Sun's Position. (2013, March 28). Tn
Photovoltaic Education Network, from http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunlightl suns position
� [3] Zhan, T., Lin, W., Tsai, M. and Wang, G. Design and Implementation of the Dual-axis Solar Tracking System. TEEE.37th Annual
Computer Software and Applications Conference. pp.276-277 (20 II)
� [4] Zolkapli, M., AI-Junid S. A., Othman Z., Manut, A., and MohdZulkifli A. High-efficiency dual-axis solar tracking developement using
Arduino .IEEE .International Conference on Technology, Informatics, Management, Engineering & Environment.pp.43-47 (2013)
� [5] Alexandru, C.; Pozna, C. Simulation of a dual-axis solar tracker for improving the performance of a photovoltaic panel. Proc. Inst. Mech.
Eng. Part A J. Power Energy 2010, 224, 797–811. [CrossRef]
� [6] Alexandru, C.; Pozna, C. The optimization of the tracking mechanism used for a group of PV panels. In Proceedings of the International
Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ), Valencia, Spain, 15–17 April 2009.
� [7] Alexandru, C.; Comsit, M. The energy balance of the photovoltaic tracking systems using virtual prototyping platform. In Proceedings of
the 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market (EEM), Lisbon, Portugal, 28–30 May 2008; pp. 1–6 .
VIDEO EXPLAINING THE DEMO
OF THE PROJECT
THANK YOU