Reservoir Simulation Course

Bandung, 25 Februari 2013

Day 1
• Benchmarking & Topic Selection
• Introduction to Reservoir Modelling
▫ Geophysic
▫ Geology
▫ Petrophysic
▫ Reservoir
▫ Production (Ambil step dari Jangkrik : Bottom
Hole – Well Head – Compressor – Stock Tank)
Day 2
• Rock Typing : E-Main
▫ k & F based
▫ HFU
• Relative Permeability
• PVT : E-main
▫ Differensial & Flash PVT Test
▫ Petrel PVT
▫ PVTi
Day 3
▫ Bubble Map
▫ Log Upscale
▫ Property Distribution
▫ Transformation & Variogram
▫ Histogram : Sw Above OWC & other in AOI
▫ Volumetric
Day 4
• VLP & Surface Facility
• History Match Analysis
• Development Scenario
a. Infill well
b. Workover candidate & scheduling
c. Water injection
a. Positioning
b. Qinj Sensitivity
c. Pressure response
d. Economic & technical limit
Pengantar Pemodelan
Reservoir
Day 1
Reservoir Modeling Basic Knowledge
• Geophysic
▫ Seismic
▫ Checkshot
▫ Well Marker
▫ Well Log Geoph
▫
Produc ysic
Horizon

• Geology tion
▫ Well Log
▫ Core Analysis
▫
Geolog
Well Marker
▫ Map

y
• Petrophysic
▫ Well Log
▫ Core Analysis
▫ Well Marker Reserv
▫ Fluid Analysis
oir
• Reservoir
▫
Petrop
Production History
▫ Pressure History hysic
▫ DST/MDT/RFT/Well Test
▫ Fluid Analysis
▫ Well bore Schematic
▫ Bubble Map
Geophysic
• Seimic Intepretation
• Check shot
• Marker/Horizon
• Seismic Attribute :
▫ Amplitude Inversion
▫ Spectral Decomposition
Geology
• Well Log & Well Marker to Sand/Shale
Distribution
• Core Analysis : Cutting, Routine, SCAL, XRD
Petro Physic
• Well Log
• Core Analysis : Routine & SCAL
• Well Marker
• Water Analysis
• Cut Off Determination
▫ DST Test (f vs Vshale)
▫ f vs k
▫ Sw vs f
▫ fw
• Fluid Contact
Reservoir
• Production History
• Pressure History
• DST/MDT/RFT/Well Test
• PVT Analysis
• Well bore Schematic
• History Matching
• Field Development
Production
• Bottom Hole to Well Head VLP
• Surface Facility VLP

Test Run Using VLP

Reservoir
INPUT PARAMETER
PRODUCTION HISTORY
• Is a constraint for reservoir simulation
• History data input time step
▫ Hour (DST)
▫ Daily (DST)
▫ Monthly (Average Production)
▫ Yearly (Average Production)
• Time step will be tried to matched to the maximum time of
history data input
• Input data time step must be the same for all wells
Well Schedule
• Well schedules are usually noted in production data history,
which contain 2 items :
 Time
 Depth
Pressure History
• Can be a constraint in well test/DST/MDT/RFT
• Not a constraint in long term production activity, due to
minimum data of pressure records
• Therefore pressure history is one of parameter list to be
matched
• To show pressure history in RESULT, it can be as input data
(output at results) and display item (importing text file)
Fluid Analysis
• Flash & Differential PVT Test
• Phase Diagram
• Petrel - Make Fluid Model
• Detailed analysis by PVTi in Eclipse or IPM
Well Bore Schematic
• To simulate the wellbore specification, VLP need to be made,
otherwise, it only calculate the wellbore ID to represent the
complete schematic.
• Due to reservoir simulator restriction to not consider
mechanical problem in well bore. Well problem is
represented by skin value or PI, or a new VLP correlation
applied in time function
• Well stimulation represented by skin value or PI
Static Model
Consist of :
• Grid
• Fault
• Grid properties
 Porosity
 Sw
 NTG
 Permeability
• Volumetric in Place
Production
• Wellbore schematic to calculate VLP
• Surface facility to calculate VLP
DST/MDT/RFT/Well Test
History Match
• Exploration Field
 Constraint can be liquid/oil/gas/pressure
 Fluid-fluid contact justification
 Pressure Initial
 Reservoir Boundary, P1-P2-P3 consideration
 Adjusted grid properties representing larger area (field/layers)
 Well damage

• Production Field
 No need to match, but providing important issue of initial properties
 RFT / MDT as fluid contact analysis.
 Knowledge of boundary, fault, tight zone (pressure transient analysis)
Build complete reservoir
model
B-Main
• 3 Zona Reservoir
• 5 Sumur, at the center and all corner
• 5 tahun produksi, variance prod. zone
• 3 Sumur Injeksi, dimulai 2 tahun setelah init.
Prod.
• 2 PVT Zone, 2 Set PVT Data
• 1 Set Routine Core Sample
• 2 Set SCAL
• 3 Rock Type
Input Data
• PVT Data – PVT Folder
• Routine Core & SCAL – Pc & Rel.Perm
• HFU analysis
• Production Well
▫ BA-1L (28 at Dec 1972) : Routine Core
▫ BB-1L, BB-1S (28, 29, 32 at June 1972) : Routine Core & PVT
▫ BB-2L & BB-2S (28, 29 at June 1972) : PVT
▫ BD-1L : Routine Core
• Injection Data : Ambil dari E-Main
▫ BE-1
▫ BH-6ST
▫ BK-4
Flow Zone Indicator (FZI)
The hydraulic quality of a rock is controlled by pore geometry. This, in turn, is a
function of mineralogy (i.e., type, abundance, morphology, and location relative
to pore throats) and texture (i.e., grain size, grain shape, sorting , and packing).
Various permutations of these geological attributes often indicate the existence
of distinct rock units with similar pore throat attributes. Determination of these
pore throat attributes is central to accurate zoning of reservoirs into units with
similar hydraulic properties.

Amaefule et.al.,1993:

Data from well log Data from core

 DATA CORE HFU
WELL-02 & 05
Well-02 & 05
WELL-02 & 05
HFU-1,vf-c, p srtd, ash mtrx
10
HFU-2,mud, vf silt, vf-f, vf-m, vf-c, hd, tuff&SD, p srtd
HFU-3,mud, vf silt, vf-f, vf-m, vf-c,hd-vhd, andesitic SD, p srtd
10
HFU-4,mud, vf silt, vf-f, vf-c, m-c, hd-vhd, p srtd, dense
HFU-5,vf silt, vf-c, m-c, hd, p srtd, carb strk
RQI, microns

HFU-6,m-c, andesitik, vhd, p srtd

1

RQI, microns
1

0.1

0.1

0.01
0.01 0.1 1

Φz

0.01
0.01 0.1 1

Φz
Porositas vs Permeabilitas
HFU Deskripsi Well-02 & 05 y = 43201x3.029
R² = 0.984 y = 32098x3.495
y = 13410x2.822 R² = 0.972
1 vf-c, p srtd, hd, ash mtrx R² = 0.971
y = 7446.x3.432
R² = 0.976
100
mud, vf silt, hd, tuff, mod srtd,
2 vf-f, vf-m, vf-c, hd, tuff&SD, p srtd
ash mtx y = 1879x3.433
R² = 0.928
10
mud, vf, vf silt, hd, mod srtd, volc vf-f, vf-m, vf-c,hd-vhd, andesitic
k, milidarcys

3
ash mica SD, p srtd y = 68.42x2.356
R² = 0.995
1 HFU-1
mud, vf, vf silt, hd, p-mod srtd, vf-f, vf-c, m-c, hd-vhd, p srtd,
4 HFU-2
ash mtx dense
HFU-3

vf silt, vf-c, m-c, hd, p srtd, carb 0.1 HFU-4

5
strk HFU-5

HFU-6

0.01
6 m-c, andesitik, vhd, p srtd
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35

Φe, fraksi
 HFU-1
HFU-2

10 HFU-3
HFU-4
HFU-5
HFU-6
RQI, microns

0.1

0.01
0.01 0.1 1

Φz
Static Modelling
• Pilar Gridding to 200x200
• Layering
• Upscaled Well Log, Well Picked
• Property Distribution
Model Validation
• Initialization - discrepancy to Volumetric Calc
• Tuning keyword
• Results output
• Initial Run
History Match Analysis
Day 3