PRACTICAL RESEARCH

1
MARY ROSE Q. LOCSIN, Ph. D
WHAT IS THE
IMPORTANCE OF
RESEARCH IN HUMAN’S
DAILY LIVING?
What is research?

What do you think

is the biggest
contribution of
research during
this pandemic?
1. Q I R N U Y I -____________________ is a way of learning concerns itself with changing knowledge,
creativity, subjectivity, socio-cultural factors, sensory experience and higher order thinking strategies.

2. O A N I T I F N O R M- __________________ is the data to be collected in order to understand the

problem that would lead to solution.

3. P S R S C O E- _________________________ is a step by step way of doing things.

4. E I T V O C O P A R E- ___________________ is a organized work of people to arrive to solutions to

the problem.

5. S T C E N I S T I -________________________ is a person having a systematic way of doing things.

RESEARCH
A process of executing various mental acts for discovering and examining facts and
information to prove the accuracy or truthfulness of claims or conclusions, requires
to ask, inquire, investigate about chosen research topic, a way of discovering new
knowledge, applying knowledge in various ways as well as seeing relationships of
ideas, events and situations, and requires to work logically or systematically and
collaboratively with others.
The importance of research in daily life:

• Widens learners’ vocabulary

• Facilitates problem-solving acts
• Improves learners’ learning abilities
• Increases social awareness and cultural heritage
• Encourages cooperative learning
• Provides mastery of procedural knowledge
• Hastens/quickens conceptual understanding
• Encourages higher-order thinking strategies
• Elevates interpretative thinking through graphic skills
Characteristics and Processes of Research
 Research followed a particular process to produce
Characteristics: meaningful , relevant and beneficial research.
1. Accuracy– correctness of  Research as a Process is a scientific process of
data/information collecting empirical data that are intended for
drawing a conclusion. It consists of the following
2. Objectiveness– specificity of data to be core steps:
studied
 Research Processes
3. Timeliness– date /time when the
research took place  1. Develop a research plan
4. Relevance– importance of the study for  2. Collect research data
a particular period or time
 3. Analyze research data
5. Clarity– correct understanding of the
topic or issue  4. Present the findings
6. Systematic– a step by step/organized  5. Disseminate and utilize findings
process to do the task
 6. Define research problem
Research Ethics
One of the very important considerations of qualitative research is
ensuring that the informants are not harmed in any way possible. This is
known as the ethics of non - maleficence -Researchers ought to be aware
of the direct and indirect consequences of the study particularly on the
participants .
1. Scientific soundness.- Once crucial consideration in conducting a
qualitative research
1.1. The extent of tangible benefits that the investigation could
produce.
1.2 Objectives can be so hard to achieve when the researcher does

not possess sufficient background and skills required

1.3. An inexperience person in research is usually advised
to seek
2. Consent

2.1 Seeking informed consent as a voluntary agreement of the participants to

involved in the study is prerequisite for almost all types of
research.
2.2. Before the research starts, an informed consent should be obtained from
each participant
2.3 Used if the approval from adult participants is sought while informed assent

is sought from participants who have not yet reached the legal
age or very
young to give consent but old enough to understand the risks
and benefits
2.4 Participants should be clarified about the following:
• Purpose of the study
• Types of question
• Potential risks and benefits
3. Informant validation -A validation of qualitative data should be done with the participants
Remember that it is so unethical to report a particular statement which is not actually expressed by
any of the research informants.

4. Confidentiality- Retaining anonymity than revealing full identification of the participants should
be dealt with utmost care .

5. Exploitation -Being exploited in the conduct of a research is usually attributed to the research
participants. This happens when the researcher gets along with them just to gain favor. Though it is
always understandable that the researcher should satisfy his intellectual and emotional
responsibility to the participants being studied, others are tempted to abuse it.

6. Misrepresentation - Participants’ narratives as presented in the research report should be

assured Statements that would seem faulty to largely provoke mistrust on the part of the
informants

7. Identification of the participant by self or others - Researcher must mind the method of
anonymizing the identity of the participants Whether the concerned are willing to divulge their
identity or not, the researcher should responsibly handle the data with maximum care.
Purposes of Research

1. To learn how to work independently

2. To learn how to work scientifically or systematically.
3. To have a deeper knowledge of something
4. To increase your mental abilities by letting you think in higher-order
thinking strategies (HOTS) of inferring, evaluating, synthesizing,
appreciating, applying, and creating.
5. To improve reading and writing skills
6. To familiarize with the basic tools of research and various
techniques of gathering data and presenting research findings
7. To free from domination or strong influence of a single textbook to
a certain extent
Qualitative Quantitative
Research Research
 Two major type of Research
Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
A research type that puts premium or high value Systematic investigation of phenomena by
on people’s thinking or point of view conditioned gathering quantifiable data and performing
by their personal traits.
statistical, mathematical, or computational
Qualitative variables aren’t ordered on a numerical techniques. It collects information from
scale in statistics so they are assigned nominal existing and potential customers using
scales. The word “nominal” means “name”, which
is exactly what qualitative variables are. A nominal
sampling methods and sending out online
scale is a scale where no ordering is possible or surveys, online polls, questionnaires, etc., the
implied. It describes data that fits into categories. results of which can be depicted in the form of
For example: numerical. After careful understanding of
Eye colors (variables include: blue, green, brown, these numbers to predict the future of a
hazel). product or service and make changes
accordingly.
States (variables include: Florida, New Jersey,
Washington).
Dog breeds (variables include: Alaskan Malamute,
German Shepherd, Siberian Husky, Shih tzu).
There are various types of research.
1. Based on Application of Research method
2. 2. Based on purpose
• Descriptive • Correlational
• Exploratory • Action
3. Based on data needed
• Primary • Secondary

Qualitative Research has several characteristics. These are the following:

 Human understanding and interpretation

 Active, powerful and forceful
 Multiple research approaches and methods
 Specificity to generalization
 Contextualization
 Diversified data in real-life situation
 Abounds with words and visuals
 Internal Analysis
 There are types of Qualitative Research

1. Case Study- tries to bring together all aspects and information about the unit under study,
contributing to explaining or describing something. This could be a country or a company.
2. Ethnography- is one that allows the researcher to embed himself or herself in the natural
setting of the subject he or she tries to study.
3. Phenomenology- studies phenomena, or manifestations of things. It studies a particular
phenomenon, in its many angles and facets, adding to knowledge about the phenomenon.
4. Content Discourse Analysis- provides for a close reading of such articles. It allows the
examination of how words, figures, pictures, and texts deliver meaning, and offer
explications of cultures. Content analysis yields codes and categories, upon being subject
to rigorous analysis.
5. Historical Analysis- enables to explore and explain the meanings, phases and characteristics
of a phenomenon or process at a particular point of time in the past.
6. Grounded Theory- makes use of the research data to the tee. Instead of drawing on theory
at the beginning of the research, this approach derives theory from the data collected
through research. The theory is grounded in the data. For instance, your data would allow
you to code and classify it, leading to the development of theory.
 Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative Research
strengths or advantages: weaknesses or disadvantages:
• It adopts a naturalistic approach to its subject matter, which
means that those involve in the research understand things  It involves a lot of researcher’s
based on what they find meaningful. subjectivity in data analysis
• It promotes a full understanding of human behavior or
personality traits in their natural setting.
 It is hard to know the validity or
reliability of the data
• It is instrumental for positive societal changes.
• It engenders respect for people’s individuality as it demands  Its open-ended questions yield “data
the researcher’s careful and attentive stand toward people’s overload” that requires a long-time
world views. analysis.
• It is a way of understanding and interpreting social
interactions.  It is time consuming
• It increases the researcher’s interest in the study as it  It involves several processes, which
includes the researcher’s experience or background results greatly depend on the
knowledge in interpreting verbal and visual data.
researcher’s views or interpretations.
• It offers multiple ways of acquiring and examining
knowledge about something.
Qualitative research can be used in researches under the hard sciences or STEM
(Science, Technology, Engineering, Medicine) and natural sciences (biology, Physics,
Chemistry). Considered as soft sciences are Anthropology, Economics, Laws, Politics,
and all subjects aligned with business and all those focused on helping professions
such as Nursing, Counselling, Physical Therapy and the like.
BE READY!!!
 TOPIC
A topic is researchable if the knowledge and information about it are
supported by evidence that is observable, factual and logical.
Sources of research topics These are the guidelines in choosing a research topic:

1. Work Experience 1. Personal resources

Ex. Knowledge of the customers’ in the bakery due to your work in the
2. General periodical ex. Gazette, newsletter bakery
3. Professional periodical 2. Interest in the Subject Matter
ex. Teacher’s Journal, Housekeeping Ex. Interest in electrical installation

4. Previous reading assignments in your 3. Availability of information

subjects Ex. Knowledge about bookkeeping because your relatives are

businessmen
5. Mass Media communication press 4. Timeliness and Relevance of the topic
6. Books, internet, peer-reviewed journals Ex. Health protocol (handwashing, Face mask, Face Shield, and Social
Distancing) during
this pandemic.
5. Limitations of the subject
Ex. Senior citizens in Barangay San Juan who stayed a home during
pandemic
PERFORMANCE TASK ( BY GROUP)
Make at least 3 research topics of your choice which are related to
your track and strand then construct a good title out of it.
 The time will come when diligent research over long periods will bring to light things which now
lie hidden. A single lifetime, even though entirely devoted to the sky, would not be enough for the
investigation of so vast a subject... And so this knowledge will be unfolded only through long
successive ages. There will come a time when our descendants will be amazed that we did not know
things that are so plain to them... Many discoveries are reserved for ages still to come, when memory
of us will have been effaced.”

― Seneca, Natural Questions