FIRE FIGHTING

INTRODUCTION (1st Edition)

Eng / Ali Hassan Mohamed
(fire fighting & plumbing design engineer)
• Fire Protection Major Goals:

A N
- Continuity of operation
S S
- Property protection
- Life safety
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• Fire Protection component:

A N
FIRE PROTECTION COMPONENT
S S
H A
I
Passive fire protection Active fire protection Education

L
Fire detection & alarm systems Fire fighting & extinguishing systems

Architecture Engineer Civil defense

A
Electrical Engineer Mechanical Engineer

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• Fire Protection component:
Fire rated wall
N
Fire detection & alarm system

A
S S
H A
Fire fighting system
L I Fire fighters

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • FIRE TRIANGLE

A N
S S
*OXYGEN (14-16% at least to start combustion)

H A
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. A
NFUEL G Heat 0C

E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You *Refer to NFPA 921-2001ed-sec 3.1.1.2
 • FIRE TETRAHEDRON :

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A

G
The fire tetrahedron represents the addition of a component, the chemical

N
chain reaction, to the three already present in the fire triangle. Once a fire

E
has started, the resulting exothermic chain reaction sustains the fire and
allows it to continue until or unless at least one of the elements of the fire is
blocked. 
Fire Fighting Tech. For You *Refer to NFPA 921-2001ed-sec 3.1.1.2
• Fire extinguishment methods :

A N
S S
A
TO EXTINGUISH FIRE

Suffocating oxygen

I
Cut fuel supply or H Cooling down fire

L
remove combustible
Gas systems
material
Foam system

A
Water based system

G .
E N Why?

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

• Fire extinguishment methods cont. :
 Why we use water as extinguishing agent:
A N
1. cheap & available.
S S
2.
3.
Large specific heat (Cp = 4.2 kJ/kg.K) .

H A
Large latent heat of vaporization (2257 KJ/kg) .

specific heat (Cp )

L
The amount of thermal energy required I Latent heat of vaporization
The amount of thermal energy required

A
to raise unit mass of a substance by one to change unit mass of a substance

G .
degree, and its units are kJ/kg·K from phase to another, and its units are
kJ/kg

E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Some definitions used in fire codes :
Item
UL
Definition
Under writers laboratories.
A N
FM
Shall
Factory Mutual research.
Indicates a mandatory requirement .
S S
Should
A
Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not
required.

H
I
Approved Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

L
Authority Having An organization , office, or individual responsible for enforcing the
Jurisdiction requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment,
(AHJ).

. A
materials, an installation, or a procedure.

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• Some definitions used in fire codes :
 Common approvals :

A N
S
Factory Mutual research Under writers laboratories

American
A S
H
approvals

The Loss Prevention

L I
A
Germany approval

.
Certification Board

N G European
approvals

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Classifying Fires
N
*North
Type of Fire Australia European
America
Fires that involve flammable solids such as wood, cloth, rubber, paper, and
some types of plastics.

S
Class A
A Class A Class A

S
Fires that involve flammable liquids or liquefiable solids such as
Class B Class B
petrol/gasoline, oil, paint, some waxes & plastics, but not cooking fats or oils

A
Class B
Fires that involve flammable gases, such as natural gas, hydrogen, propane,
Class C Class C
butane

H
Fires that involve combustible metals, such as sodium, magnesium, and
Class D Class D Class D

I
potassium
(Class E)

L
Fires that involve any of the materials found in Class A and B fires, but with now no
the introduction of an electrical appliances, wiring, or other electrically longer in

A
Class E1 Class C

.
energized objects in the vicinity of the fire, with a resultant electrical shock the
risk if a conductive agent is used to control the fire. European

G
standards
Fires involving cooking fats and oils. The high temperature of the oils when on

N
fire far exceeds that of other flammable liquids making normal extinguishing Class F Class F Class K

E
agents ineffective.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You *Refer to NFPA 10-2010ed-sec 5.2

 • FIRE FIGHTING CODES :
CODE NO
1. AMERICAN CODES :

TITLE
A N
NFPA 1
NFPA 10
Uniform Fire Code

S S
Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers
NFPA 11
NFPA 12

H A
Standard for Low-Medium-and High-Expansion Foam
Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems

I
NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems

L
NFPA 14 Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems

A
NFPA 15 Standard for water spray fixed system for fire protection
NFPA 16

NFPA 20
G . Standard Installation of foam-water sprinkler and foam-Water
spray system
Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire

N
Protection

E
NFPA 24 Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains
and Their Appurtenances

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

 • FIRE FIGHTING CODES cont. :
CODE NO
NFPA 25
TITLE

A N
Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of

NFPA 101 Life Safety Code

S S
Water-Based Fire Protection Systems

A
NFPA 220 Standard on Types of Building Construction

H
NFPA 409 Standard on aircraft hangar
NFPA 418 Standard for helipad
NFPA 750
NFPA 2001
L I
Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems
Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems

2. BRITISH CODE :
. A
N G
-Fire offices committee (FOC)
-British standard (BS)

E
3. EGYPTIAN CODE:

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

-‫لحريق‬J‫مصرى ل‬JJ‫كود لا‬JJ‫لا‬
 A N
S S
H A
FIRE FIGHTING
I SYSTEMS
A L
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• Course Contents:
N
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

S A
A S
AUTOMATIC

I H MANUAL

A L
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• Course objectives :
1) Good knowledge about fire fighting systems.
2) Full design for water based systems.
A N
b) Water curtain system.
S S
a) Sprinklered system (dry –wet – preaction-deluge).

c) Foam systems.
d) Water spray systems.

H AAdvanced

I
e) Water mist systems.
f) Standpipe systems.
g) Fire hydrant.

A L
.
h) Monitors.
3) Full design for gas based systems.

N
b) CO2 system. G
a) Clean agent system (inert gas-halocarbon).

E
c) Aerosol system.
4) Fire extinguishers.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

• Course objectives cont. :
N
5) Selection of proper fire protection system for different application.

A
6) How to use codes to get design data.

S S
A
7) How to use calculation software (ELITE) for hydraulic calculation.

H
I
8) Full design (drawing & calculation) for project.

A L
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 A N
S S
1- WATER BASED H A
SYTEMS
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• MAIN SYSTEM COMPONENTS:
A) Reliable water source & pumps
B) Piping network
A N
C) Initiation and control equipment
S S
D) Discharge devices

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• A) Reliable water source & pumps
Ground tank
N
Elevated tanks (gravity tanks)

A
S S
H A
Rivers & lakes
L I Fire pumps

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• B) PIPING NETWORK
Fire protection pipes

A N
Fire protection fittings

S S
H A
Hangers & supports
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• C) Initiation & Control Equipment
Valves in Pump Room.

A N
Alarm Check Valve

S S
H A
Pressure Switch
L I Flow switches

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• C) Initiation & Control Equipment
Supervisory Switches
A N
Pressure Reducing Valves

S S
H A
Pressure Relief Valves
L I Control Panels

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• D) DISCHARGE DEVICES
Sprinklers, Nozzles
A N
Hose valves, Hydrants

S S
H A
Monitors
L I Foam generator , Foam chambers

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 A N
S S
A. SPRINKLERED H A
SYTEMS
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• *Classifying OCCUPANCIES

A N
A) Light hazard
S S
B) Ordinary hazard (group 1)
C) Ordinary hazard (group 2)
H A
D) Extra hazard (group 1)
E) Extra hazard (group 2)
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 5.1
A) LIGHT HAZARD
1)
2)
Animal shelters
Churches
‫نات‬
( ‫) مالجـئ حيواـ‬

A N
3)
4)
Clubs
Educational
S S
5)
6)
Hospitals
Institutional

H A
I
7) Kennels ‫الب‬
( ‫يوتكــ‬
‫) بــــ‬
8) Libraries , except large stack rooms
9) Museums

A L
.
10) Nursing homes
11) Offices
12)
13)
Residential

N G
Restaurant seating area

E
14) Theaters , excluding stages & prosceniums
15) Unused attics (‫) سـندراـتغير مستخدمة‬

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A5.2

B) ORDINARY HAZARD (GROUP 1)
1)
2)
Automobile parking and showrooms
Bakeries
A N
3)
4)
Beverage manufacturing
Canneries
‫بات‬

S S
( ‫) مصـانـعـ لاــمشـروـ‬
(‫عبئة طـعـام‬ ‫) مصـانـعـ تــــ‬
5)
6)
Dairy products manufacturing & processing
Electronic plants ‫ت‬

H A
( ‫) مصـانـعـ لاــكتروـنـياـ‬
(‫) مصـانـعـ اـالـلبان‬

7)
8) Laundries
L I
Glass & glass products manufacturing

9)

. A
Restaurant service area (kitchens)

N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A5.3
C) ORDINARY HAZARD (GROUP 2)
1)
2)
Agricultural facilities
‫) لاــشـوـنات& اـالسطبالت‬
Barns & stables(
A N
3) Cereal mills
4) Chemical plants
S S ‫حبوب‬
( ‫) مطاـحـن لاــ‬

5) Confectionery products(
6) Distillers (‫) معاـمـل لاــتقطير‬

H A
‫) مصـانـعـ لاــحلويات‬

7)
8)
Dry cleaners
Exterior loading docks
L I ‫حميل‬
( ‫) رـصيف تــــ‬
9)
10)
Feed mills

. A
Leather goods manufacturing
‫علف‬
( ‫) مصـانـعـ‬

11)
12)
N
Machine shops G
Libraries – large stack room area

E
13) Metal working
14) Paper & pulp mills

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A5.3

C) ORDINARY HAZARD (GROUP 2) cont.
16) Paper process plants
17) Plastic fabrication(‫الستيك‬
‫)مصنعـ منتجات بــــ‬
A N
(‫) مصـانـعـ الوـرـق‬

18) Post offices

19) Printing & publishing
S S
20) Racetrack stables / kennel area(
21) Repair garages

H A
‫) اـماكـن لاــسباـقات االـحـصنة & لاــكالب‬

I
22) Resin application area(‫منتجاتاــصمغية‬
‫ل‬ ‫) مصـانـعـ لاــ‬
23) Textile manufacturing (‫) مصـانـعـ لاــنسيج‬
24) Tire manufacturing

A L
.
25) Tobacco products manufacturing (‫) مصـانـعـ لاــتبغـ‬
26) Wood machining

N G
27) Wood products assembly
28) Mercantile (Malls – markets….)

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A5.3
D) EXTRA HAZARD (GROUP 1)
1)
2)
Aircraft hangers (except as governed by NFPA 409)
Combustible hydraulic fluid area
A N
3)
4)
Die casing
Metal extruding
S S (‫) سـباكة‬

5)
6)
Plywood and particleboard manufacturing(

H A
Printing (using inks with flash point <1000F)
‫) مصـانـعـ كــبس لاــخشب‬

I
7) rubber material manufacturing
8) Saw mills
9)
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textile material manufacturing

A
(‫صنيعـ خاـم لاــنسيج‬
‫) تــــ‬

.
10) Upholstering with plastic foam (‫بــــيـبر‬
‫لاــفا‬ ‫) لاــتنجيد‬

N G
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A5.4
D) EXTRA HAZARD (GROUP 2)
1)
2)
Asphalt saturating
Flammable liquids spraying
A N
3)
4)
Flow coating
Open oil quenching(‫بريد الزـيـت‬
‫) تــــ‬
S S (‫) دـهان‬

5)
6)
Plastic manufacturing
‫نظيف‬
Solvent cleaning( ‫) مـذيـبات تــــ‬

H A
(‫صنيعـ خاـم لاــبالستيك‬
‫) تــــ‬

I
7) Varnish & paint dipping(‫غمر‬ ‫بــــ‬
‫) الدــهان لاــ‬

A L
G .
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A5.4
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEMS
1) Sprinklers :
A N
 Sprinkler parts:
S S
H A
L I
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 3.6.1
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEMS
1) Sprinklers :
A N
Classified according to:
S S
A.
B.
Thermal sensitivity
Temperature rating
H A
C.
D.
K-factor
Installation orientation
L I
A
E. Special service conditions

G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 3.6.1
• A- Thermal sensitivity

A N
• A measure of the rapidity with which the thermal element operates as
installed in a sprinkler assembly , one measure of thermal sensitivity is
response time index (RTI)

S S
When RTI = 50 (ms)0.5
A
fast response

H
I
When RTI ≥ 80 (ms) 0.5
standard

L
•Sensitive element may be glass bulb or fusible link

A
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 3.6.1
• B- Temperature rating
• The temperature at which sprinkler is activated

A N
• Indicated by color coding may be for glass bulb or frame arms

S S
H A
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table 6.2.5.1
• C- k-factor
Is factor used to calculate the flow required by sprinkler
A N
Q=K√P
S S
Q : flow in GPM
P : pressure in psi
H A
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table 6.2.3.1
 • C- k-factor (according to ceiling height)
height only reference mention that is FM-global(3-26).
A N
In NFPA there isn’t any instruction that connect sprinkler K- factor and ceiling

Ceiling up to 9m
S
Ceiling from 9-18m
S Ceiling above 18m
K-factor 5.6

H A
8 25.2

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• D- sprinkler orientation
Pendent sprinkler
A
Upright N
S
sprinkler

A S
I H
Sidewall sprinkler

A L
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• D- sprinkler orientation
 Pendent sprinkler installation types
A N
S S
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• E- special service condition
Corrosion resistant sprinkler
A N
Dry sprinkler

S S
H A
Institutional sprinkler
L I Rack storage sprinkler

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• E- special service condition cont. :
Decorative sprinkler
N
Pilot line detector

A
S S
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• Other sprinkler types (design , performance)
Control mode specific application
sprinkler (CMSA) (large drop)
A N
Early suppression fast
response sprinkler (ESFR)

S S
H A
L I
A
Extended coverage sprinkler Conventional sprinkler

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• Other sprinkler types cont.
Residential sprinkler
A N
Open head sprinkler

S S
H A
Quick response sprinkler
L I Standard sprinkler (K = 5.6)

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• Get sprinkler data from deflector

A N
S S
H A
L I Standard spray
sprinkler pendent

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• Stock of Spare sprinklers
No. of spare sprinklers No. of sprinklers in system
A N
6 300 <
1000 < & 300 ≥
S S
A
12
24 1000 >

I H
A L
G .
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 6.2.9.5
• 2) piping :
Gridded system Looped system
A N
Tree system

S S
H A
L I
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A.3.4.6,7
• 2) piping cont. :
A.
B.
Pipe Materials
Pipe dimension
A N
C.
D.
Joining methods
Hangers
S S
E. valves

H A
I
A. Pipe materials
I. Aboveground (common: seamless black steel sch.40 – galvanized steel)
II.
L
Underground (common: HDPE - ductile iron)

A
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
I. Aboveground
pipes Fitting

A N
S S
H A
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 6.3 ; 6.4
II. Underground
pipes Fitting

A N
S S
H A
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 10.1 ; 10.2
 II. Underground depth of cover
 Underground Fire pipe minimum depth

A N
S S
H A 80cm

I
90cm
120cm

A L
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 10.4.3
• B. Pipe dimension :
Steel pipe

A N
S S
H A
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A.6.3.2
• B. Pipe dimension cont. :
copper pipe

A N
S S
H A
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A.6.3.5
 • C. Joining methods :
Threaded pipe & fittings

A N
Welded pipe & fittings

S S
H A
L
Groove joining method (Victaulic coupling)I Brazed & soldered

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• C. Joining methods cont. :
Remarks :
 Threaded joints (a) :
A N
I.
II.
S S
Thread joining permitted for schedule 40 for sizes less than 8 in.
Thread joining permitted for schedule 30 for sizes 8 in. and larger.


A
Applicable threaded joints for size ≤ 2 in. , welding or flanged and
grooved for sizes > 2 in.
H
 Pipe bending (b) :
L I
A
I. For schedule 40 and copper tubing
For 2 in. and smaller
For 2 ½ in. and larger
G . radius of bend ≥ 6 pipe diameter
radius of bend ≥ 5 pipe diameter

N
II. For other steel pipes
For all sizes radius of bend ≥ 12 pipe diameter

 E
Galvanized pipe shall not be bent or welded.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You a. Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 6.5
b. Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 6.3.7.9
• D. Hangers
Requirements :
A N
S
A) Support 5 times the weight of water

S
-filled pipe + 114kg.

H A
B) Hangers component shall be
ferrous.

L I
C) Hangers shall not be fastened to
gypsum ceiling or other soft material.

G .A D)Distance between hanger and center

of upright sprinkler > 76 mm to not to be

E N an obstruction.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 9.1

 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 9.2.3.3
 • D. Hangers cont. (Trapeze)

A N
A shared support structure is a hanger or support designed for use by multiple
systems. Commonly, this is a trapeze that is arranged to support many lines,

S S
such as chilled water lines, conduits, piping, or ductwork. With some building
structures, these shared supports are the most efficient way to support the

A
gravitational load of systems installed in the building.

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Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• D. Hangers cont. (Trapeze)

A N
S S
H A
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 9.1.1.7
• D. Hangers cont. (Rod sizes)

A N
S S
H A
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 9.1.2
• D. Hangers cont. (Fasteners in concrete)
Horizontal vertical
N
 Post-installed anchors shall be

A
S
installed in horizontal position.

A S
 May be installed in vertical under
one of below condition:

I H
A. When concrete having gravel&
can support 4in or less in diameter.

A L B. When alternated with hangers

.
connected directly to structural
members such that trusses or side

N G of beams.
C. When spaced not more than 3m

E
apart (for ≥ 4in).

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 9.1.3

• D. Hangers cont. (Fasteners in concrete cont.)
Powder driven studs:

A N
• Representative samples of concrete into

S S
which studs are to be driven shall be
tested to determine that the studs will

H A
hold a minimum load of (341 kg) for 2
in. or smaller pipe ; (454 kg) for 2 1/2

I
in. , 3 in. pipe ; and (545 kg) for 4 in.
• Holes for bolts ≥ Bolt diameter+1.6

A L mm

.
• Bolts shall be provided with flat washer
& nut.

N G
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 9.1.3.9
• D. Hangers cont. (Fasteners in steel)

A N
• Welding studs or other hanger parts shall
not attached by welding with steel have

S S
thickness < 2.78 mm.
• Holes for bolts ≥ Bolt diameter+1.6 mm

H A
• Bolts shall be provided with flat washer
& nut.

L I
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Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 9.1.4
• D. Hangers cont. (location of hangers)

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A E

N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table 9.2.2.1
• D. Hangers cont. (location of hangers cont.)
Requirements :

A N
S S
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N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A.9.2.3
• D. Hangers cont. (location of hangers cont.)

A N
S S
H A
I
Hanger supported on I-beam Unobstructed armover to up sp.

A L
G .
E N
Riser supported with pipe clamp
(A)
Flexible sprinkler hose fitting
(Unobstructed armover < 1.8m)
Fire Fighting Tech. For You (A) Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 9.2.1.3.3
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES :
1) Wet system
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
• SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
1) Wet system cont.
A N
S S
• A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a
piping system contains water and connected to water supply so that

afire.
H A
water discharge immediately from sprinklers opened by heat from

L I
• Generally used wherever there is no danger of the water in the pipes
freezing and no special conditions requiring one of other systems.

. A
• Areas such as hotels , offices , hospitals …. etc.

N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 3.4.11
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
2) Dry system
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
2) Dry system cont.
A N
S S
• A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping
system contains air or nitrogen under pressure , when fire occur the

valve and out through opened sprinklers.

H A
sprinkler open making air release so the pressure of water can open the dry

L I
• Generally used wherever there is danger of the water in the pipes freezing.
(where temperature reaches below 40 0F (4.4 0C) )

. A
• Areas subject to freezing such as parking garages , coolers , freezers ..etc.

N G
• Gridded dry pipe system shall not be installed.

E
• Dry valve shall maintained at temperature ≥ 4 0C

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 3.4.5

 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
2) Dry system cont.
A N
S
• Time needed to deliver water & most remote sprinkler

A S
I H
A L
.
1. Time of water delivery don’t apply for systems ≤ 500 gallon.
2. Time of water delivery don’t apply for systems ≤ 750 gallon with accelerator.
3.
4.
N G
For dwelling unit water delivery time ≤ 15 sec (don’t apply EXH. 1 or 2)
We can use accelerator valve to reach required time.
5.
density.
E
*Design area must be increase by 30% of wet system without changes in

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 7.2.3.6

 *Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 11.2.3.2.5
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
2) Dry system cont.
A N
S S
• The air supply shall have capacity of restoring normal air pressure in the
system within 30 minutes.

H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 7.2.6.3.2
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
3) Preaction system

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
3) Preaction system cont.

A N
S S
• A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping
system contains air that may or may not be under pressure , with

H A
supplemental detection system opens a valve that permits water to flow into
the sprinkler system and to be discharged from any opened sprinkler.

rooms and libraries ….etc.

L I
• Areas where is a concern about accidental discharge such as electronic

• System may be activated by:

. A
N G
I. single interlock (admits water to sprinkler piping when detector activated)
II. Non interlock (admits water to sprinkler piping when detector activated or

E
automatic sprinkler)
III. Double interlock (admits water to sprinkler system when detector &
automatic sprinkler activated)
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 7.3.2.1
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
2) Preaction system cont.
• Time needed to deliver water & most remote sprinkler
A N
•

S S
H A
L I
. A
• Time of water delivery don’t apply for systems ≤ 500 gallon.
• We can use accelerator valve to reach required time.

N G
• *For double interlock pre.system the design area must be increase by 30%
of wet system without changes in density.

E
• For single & non interlock system one preaction valve with max.1000
sprinklers (this with respect to permitted area according to hazard).

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 7.3.2.3

 *Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 11.2.3.2.5
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
4) Deluge system
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
4) Deluge system cont.
A N
S S
• A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers attached to a piping system
connected to water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation

A
of detection system in the same area as the sprinklers.

H
I
• When this valve opens water flow into piping system and discharges from

L
all sprinkler attached there.

. A
• Areas where fast fires anticipated and the intent is to quickly discharge a
lot of water like transformers , aircraft hangars , flammable liquid use and
storage areas … etc.

N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 3.4.4
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
5) Combined dry & preaction system.
A N
S S
• A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping
system contains air or nitrogen under pressure with supplemental

H A
detection system when operate , actuates tripping device that open dry
valve and air exhaust valve at the end of the feed main.

L I
• If there is failure in detection system it will operate as dry system.

. A
• Combined dry pipe and preaction systems are not as common as they were
several decades ago. Such systems are intended to be applied to unusual

pipe.
N G
structures, such as piers or wharves, which require unusually long runs of

E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 3.4.3
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
6) Antifreeze system.
A N
• Used in small unheated areas

S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 7.6.3.4
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
Remarks :
A N
S S
• For dwelling units (hotels , motels…) we don’t use sprinkler in :

H A
I. Bathrooms with area don’t exceed 5.1 m2.
II. Closets and pantries with area don’t exceed 2.2 m2.

I
III.Balconies.

L
• For hospital we don’t use sprinkler in clothes closets don’t exceed 0.55

A
.
m2.

N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.15.8
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
7) Water curtain :
A N
S
• Is a system used to protect walls , windows and roofs from exposure fires.

S
• The directional discharge produce a flat 1800 fan shaped spray pattern.

H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
7) Water curtain cont. :
A N
S
• Find building severity :

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 Refer to NFPA 80A-2001ed-sec 4.3
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
7) Water curtain cont. :
A N
S
• Find building width & height & opening percentage

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
 Building to building separation= guide No. X lesser dimension + 1.5m

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

 Refer to NFPA 80A-2001ed-sec 4.3
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
7) Water curtain :
A N
S
• Find application rate

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 23.7.1
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
7) Water curtain :
A N
S
• Nozzle distribution and calculate flow rate

A S
I H
A L
•
G .
Flow rate (1) (gpm) =zone (1) application rate X zone (1) area
•
•
•
N
Flow rate (2) (gpm) =zone (2) application rate X zone (2) area

E
Flow rate (3) (gpm) =zone (3) application rate X zone (3) area
Total flow = flow rate (1+2+3)
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 23.7.1
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
7) Water curtain cont. :
A N
S
• If building to building less than calculated fire protection shall be

S
provide.
• Nozzles spaced not more than 2.44 m.
•
• Minimum residual pressure is 0.5 bar.
H A
Water curtain piping connected to deluge or manual operating system.

I
• The water supply shall be capable of simultaneously supplying the total

L
demand of sprinklers along an exposure to a maximum length of 300 ft
(91.4 m) with duration 60 min.

. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 11.3.3
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.15.4
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 23.7.4
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
8) Commercial kitchens:
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • SPRINKLERED SYSTEM TYPES CONT. :
8) Commercial kitchens cont. :
A N
S
 Wet chemical system for hoods

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • E. valves
Classification :
Flow control valves Flow control valves
A N
OS&Y gate valve
Butterfly valve
S S
Zone control station
Backflow prevention valves
Post indicator valve
Sectional valve
H A
Drain valve
Test valve
Fire department connection
dry valve
L I Pressure control valves
Wet alarm valve

. A Relief valve

G
Deluge valve
Pressure reducing valve (PRV)
Preaction valve
Accelerator
Check valve
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • E. valves
A. OS&Y gate valve

A N
Remarks :
I.
S S
when working pressure > 12.1 bar

A
extra heavy valves must be used.

II.

I H
Tamper switch used to prevent
valve from locking (give alarm).

A L III. We may be use chain with lock to

G . confirm that no one can close it.

E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • E. valves
B. Butterfly valve

A N
Remarks :

S S
I. valve may be with hand lever so the

A
space for operation need to be
checked.

I
II. H
Tamper switch used to prevent

A L valve from locking (give alarm).

G . III. We may be use chain with lock to

confirm that no one can close it.

E N IV. when working pressure > 12.1 bar

extra heavy valves must be used.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

 • E. valves
C. Post indicator valve (PIV)

A N
Remarks :
I.
S S
when working pressure > 12.1 bar

A
extra heavy valves must be used.

II.

I H
Tamper switch used to prevent
valve from locking (give alarm).

A L III. We may be use chain with lock to

G . confirm that no one can close it.

E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • E. valves
D. sectional valve

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.16.1.6
 • E. valves
D. sectional valve

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
Large private fire service main systems shall have sectional controlling valves
at appropriate points in order to permit sectionalizing the system in the event

E
of a break or for the making of repairs or extensions.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.16.1.6

 • E. valves
E. Fire department connection (Siamese connection)

A N
Remarks :

S S
I. Shall consist at least of 2×2 1/2 in.

A
II. Single inlet only accepted for riser with
diameter ≤ 3in.

I H
III. Shall be approved. (UL – FM)
IV. Shall be located between 457-1200 mm

A L above grade level.

V. There shall be no shut off valve .

G . VI.Pipe size ≥ 4 in. for engine connection.

VII.Pipe size ≥ 6 in. for boat connection.

N
VIII.Pipe size shall not less than riser size.
IX.When system pressure < 150psi sign shall

E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
not be required.

 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.17.2

 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.17.2.3
 • E. valves
E. Fire department connection (Siamese connection) cont.

A N
S S
Remarks :

H A X= 457 – 1219 mm

L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.17.2
 • E. valves
E. Fire department connection (Siamese connection) cont.

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.16.1
 • E. valves
E. Fire department connection (Siamese connection) cont.

A N
Remarks :

S S
A
• Systems shall not required FDC:

I H
A. Building located in remote area that are
inaccessible for fire department support.

A L B. single story building with area < 186m2.

G . C. large capacity deluge system that

N
exceed the pumping capacity of fire

E
defense.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.17.2.2

 • E. valves
F. Dry valve

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • E. valves
G. wet alarm check valve

A N
S S
H A
L I
Remarks :
 Located at the pump room.
. A
 One alarm check for all

N
building risers. G
E
 Have two devices for alarm
a.Water motor with gong.
b.Pressure switch.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • E. valves
H. Deluge valve

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • E. valves
I. Preaction valve

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • E. valves
J. Accelerator

A N
Remarks :

S S
A
I. Used for reducing time of dry and

H
preaction valve opening (< 60 sec).

L I
II. shall be located as close as practical to
the dry pipe valve.

G .A III. Antiflooding devices associated with a

dry pipe valve accelerator are activated

N
when the dry pipe valve trips.

E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
IV. May be mechanical or electrical.

 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 7.2.4

 • E. valves
J. Check valve

A N
Remarks :

S S
A
I. May be swing or butterfly check valve.

II.

I H
Must be used after Siamese connection.

A L
III. Must be used after fire pump (electric or
diesel or jockey pump)

G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • E. valves
K. Zone control station

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A.8.17.4.2
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A.8.17.5.2.2
 • E. valves
K. Zone control station (Cont’d)

A N
Remarks :
I.
S S
Multistory buildings exceeding two stories in height shall be provided with

II.
a zone control station on each floor level.

H A
Zone control station shall not be required where sprinklers on the top level

I
of a multistory building are supplied by piping on the floor below.

L
A
III. Zone control station shall not be required where the total area of all floors

.
combined does not exceed the system protection area limitations.

G
N
Extra hazard Ordinary hazard Light hazard unit

E
25000 52000 52000 ft2 Maximum protection
2323 4831 4831 m2 area by one floor ZCS

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.16.1.5

 • E. valves
L. Backflow prevention
Remarks :
A N
I.
S
Used when private fire system

S
connected to public water

II.
H A
Backflow prevention devices are not a

I
requirement of NFPA 13 and serve no

L
benefit to the sprinkler system.
Backflow prevention devices are

. A typically required by public health

G
authorities for non–fire protection
purposes.

E N III. Means shall be provided downstream of

all backflow prevention valves for flow
tests at system demand.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 23.1.8
 • E. valves
L. Backflow prevention cont.

A N
Remarks :

S S
A
III. Used with antifreeze systems.

I H
IV. Used when there is cross connection
between fire system and potable water.

A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 7.6.3.3
 • E. valves
M. Drain valve

A N
Remarks :

S S
A
I. Drain valves shall be approved.

I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.16.2.4
 • E. valves
M. Drain valve cont.

A N
Remarks :

S S
A
III. In dry pipe & preaction systems , branch
lines shall be pitched at least 4 mm/m ,

I H
and mains shall be pitched at least 2
mm/m in non refrigerated areas.

A L
IV. Where subject to freezing, a minimum

G . 1.22 m of exposed drain pipe shall be

in a heated area between the drain valve

N
and the exterior wall when drain
piping extends through the wall to the

E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
outside.

 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.16.2.3.1

 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.16.2.4.8
 • E. valves
N. Test valve

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec A.8.17.4.2
 • E. valves
N. Test valve cont.

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 20-2013ed-sec A.6.3.1
 • E. valves
O. Pressure Relief Valves

A N
S
Remarks :

A S
Shall be installed with diesel drive
pump when 121% of shutoff (churn)

I H
pressure plus static pressure exceed.
component rating pressure.

A L Shall be installed between the pump

G . and discharge check valve.

E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 20-2013ed-sec4.18.1.2
 Refer to NFPA 20-2013ed-sec4.18.3
 • E. valves
P. Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)

A N
Remarks :

S S
A
I. In portions of systems where all
P1
H
P2 components are not listed for
pressure greater than 175 psi (12.1

L I bar) and the potential exists for

normal water pressure in excess of

A
175 psi (12.1 bar), a listed pressure-
P2 < P1

G . reducing valve shall be installed.

N
II. Used with fire hose cabinet to avoid

E
exceeding the maximum permissible
pressure.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.16.1.2

• F. Water flow alarm devices
Flow switch
N
Water motor &Gong

A
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 A N
S S
H A
Installation REQUIREMENTS
I
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 A N
S S
H A
A. Standard
I sprinkler
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler coverage
A N
Extra hazard
90
Ordinary hazard
130
Light hazard
200
unit
ft2
S S
Max. sprinkler protection
8.4
100
12.1
130
18.6
225

H A m2
ft2
area (pipe schedule)

Max. sprinkler protection

I
9.3 12.1 20.9 m2 area (hydraulic calc.)

L
12 15 15 ft Maximum distance
between sprinkler

.A
3.7 4.6 4.6 m
6 6 6 ft Minimum distance

G
1.8 1.8 1.8 m between sprinkler

E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.2.2
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.3.4
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
Remarks :
S S
A
 L=room length

H
 W=room width

I
 X = distance between sprinkler , wall.
 2X = distance between sprinklers.

L
Y = distance between deflector , ceiling

A
.
 X ≥ 4 in.
 For upright sprinklers :

G
For unobstructed ceiling 1 in. < Y < 12 in.

N
E
 Minimum distance between sprinklers
is 1.8 m to avoid intercooling.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.3.3

 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.4.1
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 Exhibition : Small Rooms

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
 Small room exhibition limited to light hazard and have area ≤ 74.3m 2 and wall opening
width doesn’t exceed 2.4m for each.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.3.2

 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 (sprinkler performance)

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-secA.8.7.5.5
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Obstructed ceiling
1) Beams (spaced 0.9 : 2.3m)
A N
2) Concrete Tee

S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-secA.3.7.1
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Obstructed ceiling (cont’d)
3) Wood Joist
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-secA.3.7.1
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For obstructed ceiling
Option -
1
A S
Option - 2

I H
A L
G .
E N
I - Install sprinkler below structural
member.
II - Install sprinkler in each bay.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.4.1.2

 • Installation REQUIREMENTS :
A. Standard upright & pendant sp.
A N
S
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)
Option -
3
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
III - Install sprinkler at or above
structural member.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.4.1.2

 • Installation REQUIREMENTS :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)
Option -
4
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
IV - Install sprinkler below wood
joists.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.4.1.2

 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)

S
 Wood truss

H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.5.2
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
May be pipe
with D ≥ 3in.

S
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)

S
 Wood truss

H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.5.2
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)

S
 Wood truss

H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.5.2
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)
A N
Remarks :
S S
ceiling

H A
 Sprinklers shall be installed under

I
fixed obstructions over 4 ft (1.2 m)

L
wide, such as ducts, decks, open
grate flooring, cutting tables, and

A
Duct

.
overhead doors.

N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.5.3.2
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For obstructed Floor

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.5.2
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For vertical change in ceiling

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.4.1
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For ceiling pockets

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.7
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For pitched roof

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.4.1.3
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For pitched roof (cont’d)

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.4.1.3
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For pitched roof

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.4.1.4
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For skylight

A S
 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted from skylights not exceeding 32
ft2 (3 m2) in area, regardless of hazard classification

I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.5.7
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard upright and pendant sprinkler

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
 The sprinkler system shall extend at least 24 ft (7.2 m) into the space
above the ceiling.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.7.15.22.3
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS :
A. Standard Sidewall sprinkler coverage
A N
Light hazard
Noncombustible
S S Ordinary hazard
Noncombustible

A
Combustible
Combustible or limited or limited
Unit ceiling finish
ceiling finish combustible combustible

H
ceiling finish ceiling finish

I
Max. distance ft 14 14 10 10

L
along the wall m 4.3 4.3 3 3

A
Max. room ft 12 14 10 10
width
Max. protection
m
ft2

G . 3.7
120
4.3
196
3
80
3
100

N
area m2 11.2 18.2 7.4 9.3

E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table8.7.2.2.1
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS :
A. Standard sidewall sprinkler
A N
Remarks :
S S
A
 L=room length

H
 W=room width

I
 X = distance between sprinkler , wall.
 2X = distance between sprinklers.

L
H = distance between deflector , ceiling

A
.
 X ≥ 4 in.
 For sidewall sprinklers :
4 in. < H < 6 in.

N
Otherwise listed for > 6in. G
E
 Minimum distance between sprinklers
is 1.8 m to avoid intercooling.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.7.3.3

 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.7.4.1
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard sidewall sprinkler

A N
Remarks :

S S
I. From ceiling sidewall sprinkler 4 to 6 in.

A
II. From walls sidewall sprinkler min. 4 in.
III. From wall at which sidewall sprinkler

I H
mounted may be less than 4 in.

A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.7.3
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.7.4
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard sidewall sprinkler
 For obstructed ceiling
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.7.5.1.4
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard sidewall sprinkler
 For obstructed ceiling
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.7.5.1.4
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
May be pipe
A. Standard sidewall sprinkler
 For obstructed ceiling
A N with D ≥ 3in.

S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.7.5.2.1
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
A. Standard sidewall sprinkler
 For obstructed Floor
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.7.5.2.2
 A N
S S
B. CONTROL MODE H ASPECIFIC
L
APPLICATION I (CMSA)
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
B. CMSA upright & pendant sprinkler

A N
Construction type Protection area
ft2 m2
S S
Maximum spacing
ft m
Noncombustible unobstructed
Noncombustible obstructed
130
130
H A12.1
12.1
12
12
3.7
3.7
combustible unobstructed
combustible obstructed
L I 130
100
12.1
9.3
12
10
3.7
3.1

. A
Rackstorage combustible obstructed 100 9.3 10 3.1
Rackstorage combustible

G
100 9.3 12 3.7
unobstructed , noncombustible

E N COMMON

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table8.11.2.2.1

 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
B. CMSA upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
Remarks :
S S
A
 L=room length
 W=room width


X = distance between sprinkler , wall.
2X = distance between sprinklers.
I H

 L
Y = distance between deflector , ceiling

A
.
X ≥ 4 in.
 For upright sprinklers :

N G
For Unobstructed ceiling … 6 in. < Y < 8 in.
 Minimum distance between sprinklers

E
is 2.4 m to avoid intercooling.
 Minimum distance between deflector and
storage is 36in.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.11.3
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.11.4
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
B. CMSA upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For obstructed ceiling
Option -
1
A SOption - 2

6in to
12in.

I H
L
Max.
22in.

. A
N G
E
I - Install sprinkler below ceiling.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

II - Install sprinkler below wood
joists.

 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.11.4.1.2

 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
B. CMSA upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)
Option -
3
A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
III - Install sprinkler at or above
structural member.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.11.5.2

 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
B. CMSA upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.11.5.3
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
B. CMSA upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.11.5.3
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
B. CMSA upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
S
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.11.5.3
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
B. CMSA upright & pendant sprinkler
A N
May be pipe

S
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d) with D ≥ 2in.

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
A ≤ 24in.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.11.5.2

 A N
S S
A
C. EARLY SUPRESSION
H
L I
FAST RESPONSE (ESFR)
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
C. ESFR upright & pendant sprinkler

A N
Construction type
S
Ceiling/Roof Height ≤ 9.1m Ceiling/Roof Height > 9.1m

S
Protection area

ft2 m2 ft
H A
Max. spacing

m
Protection area

ft2 m2
Max. spacing

ft m
100 9.3

L I 12 3.7 100 9.3 10 3.1

. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table8.12.2.2.1
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
C. ESFR upright & pendant sprinkler

A N
Remarks :
 L=room length
S S
 W=room width
 X = distance between sprinkler , wall.
H A
I
 2X = distance between sprinklers.

L
 Y = distance between deflector , ceiling
 X ≥ 4 in.
 For upright sprinklers :
. A
G
obstructed ceiling ……. 3 in. < Y < 12 in.
 Minimum distance between sprinklers

E N
is 2.4 m to avoid intercooling.
 Minimum distance between deflector and
storage is 36in.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.12.3.3
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.12.3.4.1
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
C. ESFR upright & pendant sprinkler
 For obstructed ceiling
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.12.5.1
 A N
S S
D. EXTENDEDH A
COVERAGE
L
SPRINKLER I (ECS)
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
D. Extended coverage upright & pendant sprinkler coverage

A N
Construction type Light hazard

S S Ordinary hazard

A
Protection area spacing Protection area spacing

H
ft2 m2 ft m ft2 m2 ft m

I
400 37.2 20 6.1 196 18.2 14 4.3

A L
Construction type

G . Extra hazard

Protection area spacing

High piled storage

Protection area spacing

E N ft2
196
m2
18.2
ft
14
m
4.3
ft2
196
m2
18.2
ft
14
m
4.3

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table8.8.2.1.2

 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
D. Extended coverage upright & pendant sprinkler coverage

A N
Remarks :
 L=room length
S S
 W=room width
 X = distance between sprinkler , wall.
H A
I
 2X = distance between sprinklers.

L
 Y = distance between deflector , ceiling
 X ≥ 4 in.
 For upright sprinklers :
. A
G
For unobstructed ceiling …1 in < Y < 12
in.

E N
 Minimum distance between sprinklers
is 2.4 m to avoid intercooling.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table8.8.2.1.2
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Sprinkler performance

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-secA.8.7.5.5
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS :
D. Extended coverage upright & pendant sprinkler coverage
A N
S
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)
Option -
1
A S
Option - 2

I H
A L
 For obstructed ceiling

G .
E N
I - Install sprinkler below structural
member.
II - Install sprinkler in each bay.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.8.5.2

 • Installation REQUIREMENTS :
D. Extended coverage upright & pendant sprinkler coverage
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)
A N
Option -
S S
3

H A
L I
8.8.5.2

. A
N G
E
III - Install sprinkler at or above
structural member.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.8.5.2

 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
D. Extended coverage upright & pendant sprinkler coverage
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)
A
May be pipe N
S S with D ≥ 3in.

H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.8.5.2
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
D. Extended coverage upright & pendant sprinkler coverage
 For obstructed ceiling (cont’d)
A N
Remarks :
S S
ceiling

H A
 Sprinklers shall be installed under

I
fixed obstructions over 4 ft (1.2 m)

L
wide, such as ducts, decks, open
grate flooring, cutting tables, and

A
Duct

.
overhead doors.

N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.7.5.3.2
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
D. Extended coverage upright & pendant sprinkler coverage
 For obstructed floor
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.8.5.2
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
D. Extended coverage upright & pendant sprinkler coverage
A N
S
 For vertical change in ceiling

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.8.4.1.1.4
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
D. Extended coverage upright & pendant sprinkler coverage
A N
S
 For ceiling pockets

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.8.7.2
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
D. Extended coverage upright & pendant sprinkler coverage
A N
S
 For skylight

A S
 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted from skylights not exceeding 32
ft2 (3 m2) in area, regardless of hazard classification

I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.8.7.3
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
D. Extended coverage sidewall sprinkler coverage

A N
Construction type Light hazard
Protection area spacing
S S Ordinary hazard
Protection area spacing

Unobstructed ,
smooth , flat
ft2
400
m2
37.2
ft
28
H A
m
8.5
ft2
400
m2
37.2
ft
24
m
7.3

L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table8.9.2.2.1
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS :
D. Extended coverage sidewall sprinkler coverage

A N
Remarks :
 L=room length
S S
 W=room width
 X = distance between sprinkler , wall.
H A
I
 2X = distance between sprinklers.

L
 H = distance between deflector , ceiling
 X ≥ 4 in.
 For sidewall sprinklers :
. A
G
4 in. < H < 6 in. Otherwise listed for > 6in.

E N
 No sprinklers shall be located within the
maximum protection area of any other
sprinkler
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.9.3
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
D. Extended coverage sidewall sprinkler coverage CONT.

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.9.5
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
D. Extended coverage sidewall sprinkler coverage CONT.

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.9.5
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. : May be pipe
with D ≥ 3in.
D. Extended coverage sidewall sprinkler coverage CONT.

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.9.5
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
D. Extended coverage sidewall sprinkler coverage CONT.

A N
Remarks :

S S
I. From ceiling sidewall sprinkler 4 to 6 in.

A
II. From walls sidewall sprinkler min. 4 in.
III. From wall at which sidewall sprinkler

I H
mounted may be less than 4 in.

A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.9.4
 A N
S S
H A
E. RESIDENTIAL
I SPRINKLER
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
E. RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLER upright & pendent sprinkler

A N
Specification
Protection area
S S
Value
According to manufacturer
Maximum spacing
Minimum spacing
H A
According to manufacturer
2.44 m

L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.10
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
E. RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLER upright & pendent sprinkler (cont’d)

A N
Remarks :
 L=room length
S S
 W=room width
 X = distance between sprinkler , wall.
H A
I
 2X = distance between sprinklers.

L
 Y = distance between deflector , ceiling
 For upright sprinklers :

. A
For unobstructed ceiling …1 in < Y < 4 in.

G
Otherwise listed for > 4in.

E N
 Minimum distance between sprinklers
is 2.4 m to avoid intercooling.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec 8.10

 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
E. RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLER upright & pendent sprinkler (cont’d)

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.4.1.3
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :

N
E. RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLER upright & pendent sprinkler (cont’d)

A
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.10.3.6
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :

 Ceiling obstruction
A N
E. RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLER upright & pendent sprinkler (cont’d)

S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.10.6.2
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
E. RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLER upright & pendent sprinkler
 Ceiling obstruction (cont’d)
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.10.6.2
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
E. RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLER upright & pendent sprinkler
 Floor obstruction
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.10.6.2
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS :
E. RESIDENTIAL sidewall SPRINKLER

A N
Remarks :
 L=room length
S S
 W=room width
 X = distance between sprinkler , wall.
H A
I
 2X = distance between sprinklers.

L
 H = distance between deflector , ceiling
 For sidewall sprinklers :

. A
4 in. < H < 6 in. Otherwise listed for > 6in.

N G
 Minimum distance between sprinklers
is 2.4 m to avoid intercooling.

E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.9.3
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
E. Residential sidewall sprinkler (cont’d)
 Ceiling obstruction
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.10.7.1
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
E. Residential sidewall sprinkler (cont’d)
 Ceiling obstruction (cont’d)
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.10.7.1
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
E. Residential sidewall sprinkler (cont’d)
 Ceiling obstruction (cont’d)
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.10.7.2
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
E. Residential sidewall sprinkler (cont’d)
 Ceiling obstruction (cont’d)
A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.10.7.2
 A N
S S
H A
F. Dry SPRINKLER
I
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
F. Dry sprinkler

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.4.9
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
F. Dry sprinkler cont. :

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.4.9
 A N
S S
H A
G. Pilot sprinkler
I
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
G. Pilot sprinkler

A N
S
Item Outdoor Indoor
Maximum horizontal spacing
Maximum vertical spacing
2.5m

A
5.2m S 3.7m
------

H
Maximum distance below ceiling ------ 0.56m

L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.15.20.4
 A N
S S
A
H. General & Special
H
installation
L I requirement
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Return bend

A N
Remarks :

S S
I.
A
Shall be used when water supplied from

H
raw water – mill pond – open tank.

L I
II. Shall not be required for deluge systems.

. A III. Shall not be required with dry pendant

sprinkler.

N G IV. Shall not be required with sprinklers

E
have k-factor ≥ 11.2.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.15.20.4

 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Return bend cont. :

A N
S S (Max. 4in.)

H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.15.20.4
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Above and below ceiling sprinkler :
Remarks :
A N
Ceiling US
be installed :
S S
 When above ceiling sprinkler shall

H A
 According to NFPA 13 requirement :
False ceiling PS

L I
I. If ceiling constructed from
combustible material like wood.

G .A II. If concealed space used for storage.

E N III. If concealed spaces used for

maintenance (like hygienic places..).

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.15.1.2.2

 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Above and below ceiling sprinkler (cont’d) :
Remarks :
A N
Ceiling US

S
be installed : S
 When above ceiling sprinkler shall

A
> 80cm

H
 According to British codes:
False ceiling PS

L I I.
II.
If ceiling depth larger than 80cm.
Concealed space contain combustible

. A material.

N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Escalator Draft stop

A N sprinkler

S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-secA.8.15.4
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Library Stack Areas and Medical Record Storage.

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Library Stack Areas and Medical Record Storage cont.

A N
S
Remarks :

I. Classified as ordinary hazard group II.

A S
II.
H
Where Y ≥ 18 in. sprinklers installed without
regard to aisles.
I
L
III. Where Y < 18 in. there is two situations:

A
G .
• If there is complete dividers , sprinklers
shall installed in every aisle and tier with

E N
spacing ≤ 3.7 m.
• With non complete dividers sprinkler shall
be staggered.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.15.10
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Library Stack Areas and Medical Record Storage.

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.15.10
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms.

A N
S
Remarks :

A
I. Sidewall spray sprinklers shall be installed at the
bottom of each elevator hoistway not more than S
0.61 m above the floor of the pit.

I H
II. If hoistway enclosed with noncombustible shaft

L
(don’t contain hydraulic fluids) shall not
required sprinkler at the pit.

. A
III. Upright or pendent or sidewall sprinkler shall be

G
installed at the top of hoistway.
IV. If hoistway is non or limited combustible and car

E N
enclosure material according to ASME A17.1
shall not required sprinkler at the top.
(except if belt is combustible)
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.15.5
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms.

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Sprinklers & fans.

A N
S
I. Fan up to 1.5m diameter :

S
Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed without regard to the blades of ceiling

A
fans less than 60 in. (1.5 m) in diameter.

II. High volume low speed fan (HVLS) :

I H
The installation of HVLS fans in buildings equipped with sprinklers, including

A L
ESFR sprinklers, shall comply with the following:
a) The maximum fan diameter shall be 24 ft (7.3 m).

sprinklers.
G .
b) The HVLS fan shall be centered approximately between four adjacent

N
c) The vertical clearance from the HVLS fan to sprinkler deflector shall be a
minimum of 3 ft (0.9 m).

E
d) All HVLS fans shall be interlocked to shut down immediately upon
receiving a waterflow signal from the alarm system.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec8.6.5.2.1.10
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec11.1.7
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Sprinklers & fans.

A N
S S
H A
L I
. A
N G
E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Installation REQUIREMENTS CONT. :
 Sprinklers & fans.

A N
S
II. High volume low speed fan (HVLS) cont. :

A S
I H
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 A N
S S
H A
PIPE SIZING
I
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 A N
S S
H A
A. PIPE SCHEDULES
I
A L
G .
E N
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 • Pipe schedules :
1) LIGHT HAZARD:

A N
S
Light hazard Light hazard above and below

S
Steel Copper
ceiling
Steel Copper

A
Pipe No. of No. of Pipe No. of No. of
size (in) sprinklers sprinklers size (in) sprinklers sprinklers
1 in.
1 ¼ in.
2
3
2
3
I H 1 in.
1 ¼ in.
2
4
2
3
1 ½ in. 5

A
5
L 1 ½ in. 7 5

.
2 in. 10 12 2 in. 15 18

G
2 ½ in. 30 40 2 ½ in. 50 65
3 in. 60 65
3 ½ in.
4 in.
E N100
------
115
------
Max. 30sp above or below
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table23.5.2.2.1
 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table23.5.2.4
 • Pipe schedules :
 Remarks :
I. Maximum no of sprinkler per branch is 8 sprinklers.
A N
II.
S
No of sprinkler per branch may be increased to 9 sprinklers by making

S
the two end lengths 1 in. and 1 1/4 in. respectively, and the sizes

A
thereafter standard.

H
III. Ten sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed on a branch line, making
the two end lengths 1 in. and 1 1/4 in. respectively, and feeding the tenth
sprinkler by a 2 ½ in. pipe.

L I
IV. For light hazard if sprinkler No. exceeding 100 sprinklers sizing then

A
according to ordinary hazard.

G .
V. For above & below ceiling if sprinklers exceed 50 then sizing is
increased to 3 in. then according to standard schedule for the number of

N
sprinklers above or below a ceiling, whichever is larger.

E
VI. For above and below ceiling max .No of sprinklers is 8 for above and 8
for below ceiling.

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec23.5.2

 • Pipe schedules :
2) ORDINARY HAZARD:

A N
S
Ordinary hazard

S
Steel Copper Steel Copper

A
Pipe No. of No. of Pipe No. of No. of
size (in) sprinklers sprinklers

H
size (in) sprinklers sprinklers
1 in. 2 2

I
5 in. 160 180
1 ¼ in. 3 3

L
6 in. 275 300
1 ½ in. 5 5

A
8 in. ------- -------

.
2 in. 10 12

G
2 ½ in. 20 25
3 in. 40 45
3 ½ in.
4 in.
E N65
100
75
115
o If distance between sprinklers or
branches ≤ 3.7m

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table23.5.3.4

 • Pipe schedules :
2) ORDINARY HAZARD CONT. :

A N
No. of sprinklers – greater than 3.7m
separation (branches or sprinklers) S
ordinary hazard above and below ceiling

S
A
Steel Copper
Steel Copper

H
Pipe No. of No. of
size (in) sprinklers sprinklers

I
Pipe No. of No. of
size (in) sprinklers sprinklers 1 in. 2 2
2 ½ in. 15 20
L 1 ¼ in. 4 4

.A
3 in. 30 35 1 ½ in. 7 7

G
3 ½ in. 60 65 2 in. 15 18
2 ½ in. 30 40

E N
Max. 40sp above or below
(separation ≤ 3.7)
3 in. 60 65

Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table23.5.3.5

 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-table23.5.3.7
 • Pipe schedules :
 Remarks :

A N
S
I. Maximum no of sprinkler per branch is 8 sprinklers.

S
II. No of sprinkler per branch may be increased to 9 sprinklers by
making the two end lengths 1 in. and 1 1/4 in. respectively, and
the sizes thereafter standard.

H A
III. Ten sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed on a branch line,

I
making the two end lengths 1 in. and 1 1/4 in. respectively, and

L
feeding the tenth sprinkler by a 2 ½ in. pipe.
IV. For above & below ceiling if sprinklers exceed 60 then sizing is

. A
increased to 4 in. then according to standard schedule for the
number of sprinklers above or below a ceiling whichever is larger.

N G
V. For above and below ceiling max .No of sprinklers is 8 for above
and 8 for below ceiling.

E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You  Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-sec23.5.3
 • Pipe schedules :
3) EXTRA HAZARD :

A N
S
Extra hazard

S
Steel Copper Steel Copper

A
Pipe No. of No. of Pipe No. of No. of
size (in) sprinklers sprinklers size (in) sprinklers sprinklers
1 in.
1 ¼ in.
1
2
1
2
I H 5 in.
6 in.
90
150
100
170
1 ½ in. 5 5
L
.A
2 in. 8 8 Remarks :
2 ½ in. 15 20 This table is reprinted only as a
3 in.
3 ½ in.
27
40
N G 30
45
guide for existing systems.

4 in.
E 55

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

65

 Refer to NFPA 13-2013ed-tableA.23.5.4

• Project Design Stages :
Schematic design

A N
S
and basis of
Concept design. Developed design.
design report
(BODR).

A S
I H
L
Shopdrawings. Tender document. Detailed design.

. A
N
As built (afterG
E
construction).

Fire Fighting Tech. For You

 • Project Design Procedure:
1.
N
Find NFPA 101 or NFPA 5000 fire extinguishment requirements for your
building (with respect to local codes or AHJ).
A
S
2. Determination the building hazard .

S
3. Locating non sprinklered spaces. (ex. Rooms need gas systems) then calculate

A
gas volume required for extinguishment.
4. Distribution for sprinklers according to hazard requirement .
5.
6. Pipe routing .

I H
Determination No. of risers and standpipe needed for sprinklers and FHCs.

L
7. Pipe sizing by pipe schedule according to material and hazard.
8. Locating the design area (most demand flow and pressure) .
9.
10.
. A
Hydraulic calculation for pump sizing .
Pump selection .
11.
12.
N
Pump room design . G
Tank capacity calculation .

E
13. If there is room need foam system (ex. Generator room) calculate foam
concentrate quantity.
14. Fire extinguisher distribution.
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
 A N
S S
H A
ThankI You!
A L
G . Ali Hassan Mohamed

N
Fire & plumbing design engineer
(+02)01001737218

E
Fire Fighting Tech. For You
[email protected]