ARA CLASS – 2

Course of Action

Assumption
 Course of Action :
Rules
1. An objective view of the problem
2. The root cause and the logically probable action
3. No extreme solution or course of action
4. The solution or the course of action should be able to solve,
reduce or minimize the problem.
5. The course of action should be an established fact – it should
either be logically possible or known from experience
1. Statement: Most of those who study in premier engineering colleges
in India migrate to developed nations for better prospects in their
professional pursuits.
Courses of Action:
All the students joining these colleges should be asked to sign a bond at the time of
admission to the effect that they will remain in India at least for ten years after they
complete education.
All those students who desire to settle in the developed nations should be asked to
pay entire cost of their education which the government subsidises.
A. Only I follows
B. Only II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follow
2. Statement: The sale of a particular product has gone down
considerably causing great concern to the company.
Courses of Action:
The company should make a proper study of rival products in the market.
The price of the product should be reduced and quality improved.
A. Only I follows
B. Only II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follow
3. Statement: There have been many instances of derailment of trains
due to landslide in the hilly areas which caused loss of many lives.

Courses of Action:
The railway authority should arrange to deploy pilot engines before the movement
of passenger trains in the hilly areas to alert the trains in case of any landslide.
The railway authority should strengthen the hill slopes by putting iron meshes so
that the loose boulders do not fall on the track.
A. Only I follows
B. Only II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follow
4. Statement: Many medical and engineering graduates are taking up
jobs in administrative services and in banks.

Courses of Action:
All the professionals should be advised to refrain from taking up such jobs.
The government should appoint a committee to find out the reasons for
these professionals taking up such jobs and to suggest remedial measures.
A. Only I follows
B. Only II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follow
5. Statement: The Union Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation has
fixed an annual target of Rs 10,000 crores by way of tourism earnings
towards the end of the current decade.
Courses of Action:
There is no need of development of further new tourist spots to meet the
target.
The Ministry should evolve attractive packages to woo the foreign tourists to
meet the target.
A. Only I follows
B. Only II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follow
6. Statement: A recent study shows that children below five die in the
cities of the developing countries mainly from diarrhoea and parasitic
intestinal worms.
Courses of Action:
Governments of the developing countries should take adequate measures to
improve the hygienic conditions in the cities.
Children below five years in the cities of the developing countries need to be
kept under periodic medical check-up.
A. Only I follows
B. Only II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follow
7. Statement: Any further increase in the pollution level in the city by
way of industrial effluents and automobile exhaustions would pose a
severe threat to the inhabitants.
Courses of Action:
All the factories in the city should immediately be closed down.
The automobiles should not be allowed to ply on the road for more than four hours a day.
The Government should restrict the issue of fresh licences to factories and automobiles.
A. None follows
B. Only II follows
C. Only III follows
D. All follows
E. None of these
8. Statement: Over 27,000 bonded labourers identified and freed are still
awaiting rehabilitation.

Courses of Action:
More cases of bonded labourers should be identified.
Till the proper rehabilitation facilities are available, the bonded labourers should not be
freed.
The impediments in the way of speedy and proper rehabilitation of bonded labourers
should be removed.
A. None follows
B. Only I follows
C. Only II follows
D. Only III follows
E. Only II and III follow
Decision
Making
9. Kamal owns a fruit and juice shop. His shop is one of the most popular shops in
the area as he only sells good and fresh fruits. He has grown very old so he decided
to hand over the business to his sons Ajay and Vijay. However none of the two sons
have any experience of the business.

Ajay observed that his father used to sell fruits at 10% discount to some
of his customers. He asked his father about it and he was told that
these are loyal customers who have been shopping from him for more
than 5 years.
Ajay, however, wants to discontinue this service. Which of the following
reasons given by Ajay is likely to convince his father to discontinue
additional discount service?
A These customers often end up buying the fruits for other people and
hence are misusing the service.
B Talk to Amit’s boss Mandar, about the plans of Amit
C Leave the company
D Tell Amit that he is not willing to accept the proposal
E Talk to his colleagues and take the decision
10. Your company makes the most famous brand of noodles in the country, Naggi.
Recently, the National Food Testing Bureau took samples of your popular noodles
from the market. During the routine testing, it discovered that the lead levels in
your noodles were twice the permissible ones. Subsequently, the bureau ordered
a ban on the sale of your noodles. Being the prime product of your company,
heavy losses are expected if the sales of Naggi are banned.
Your boss wants the ban to be removed at all costs and has instructed you to
approach the bureau officials before the re-test. He has told you to get the
bureau’s approval at any cost. You believe that the noodles still need some more
remedial work and there is high chance that the noodles will fail the follow-up
test.
What should you do in the given context?
Since the directive is given by your boss, you should go ahead it and bribe the officials to get the noodles
approved.
You should apply for the re-test and hope that the sample passes the test.
III. You should say no to your boss and take no immediate action.
You should push the R&D team to rectify the product as soon as possible.
You should provide proof to your boss how bribing officials might backfire if another failure report comes
in from another agency.
You should resign from the said job.
I & II
I & IV
III & VI
IV & V
IV & VI
 Assumptio
n
• An integral part speech or communication

• It is the implied belief behind a statement

• Without it the statement would be non-existent

1. Statement: "In order to bring punctuality in our office, we must
provide conveyance allowance to our employees." - In charge of a
company tells Personnel Manager.

Assumptions:
Conveyance allowance will not help in bringing punctuality.
Discipline and reward should always go hand in hand.
A. Only assumption I is implicit
B. Only assumption II is implicit
C. Either I or II is implicit
D. Neither I nor II is implicit
E. Both I and II are implicit
2. Statement: Unemployment allowance should be given to all
unemployed Indian youth above 18 years of age.
Assumptions:
There are unemployed youth in India who needs monetary support.
The government has sufficient funds to provide allowance to all unemployed
youth.
A. Only assumption I is implicit
B. Only assumption II is implicit
C. Either I or II is implicit
D. Neither I nor II is implicit
E. Both I and II are implicit
 3. Statement: "If you trouble me, I will slap you." - A mother warns her
child.
Assumptions:
With the warning, the child may stop troubling her.
All children are basically naughty.
A. Only assumption I is implicit
B. Only assumption II is implicit
C. Either I or II is implicit
D. Neither I nor II is implicit
E. Both I and II are implicit
4. Statement: There are enough schools in the state to accommodate
four thousand additional primary school teachers.

The eligible candidates may not be interested to apply as the

government may not finally appoint such a large number of primary
school teachers.
A. Only assumption I is implicit
B. Only assumption II is implicit
C. Either I or II is implicit
D. Neither I nor II is implicit
E. Both I and II are implicit
5. Statement: A warning in a train compartment - "To stop train, pull
chain. Penalty for improper use Rs. 500."

Assumptions:
Some people misuse the alarm chain.
On certain occasions, people may want to stop a running train.
A. Only assumption I is implicit
B. Only assumption II is implicit
C. Either I or II is implicit
D. Neither I nor II is implicit
E. Both I and II are implicit
6. Statement: "The bridge was built at the cost of Rs. 128 crores and
even civil bus service is not utilizing it, what a pity to see it grossly
underutilized." - A citizen's view on a new flyover linking east and west
sides of a suburb.
Assumptions:
The building of such bridges does not serve any public objective.
There has to be some accountability and utility of money spent on public projects.
A. Only assumption I is implicit
B. Only assumption II is implicit
C. Either I or II is implicit
D. Neither I nor II is implicit
E. Both I and II are implicit
7. Statement: "Wanted a two bedroom flat in the court area for
immediate possession." - An advertisement.
Assumptions:
Flats are available in court area.
Some people will respond to the advertisement.
It is a practice to give such an advertisement.
A. All are implicit
B. Only II is implicit
C. None is implicit
D. Only I and II are implicit
E. None of these
8. Statement: This book is so prepared that even a layman can study
science in the absence of a teacher.

Assumptions:
A layman wishes to study science without a teacher.
A teacher may not always be available to teach science.
A layman generally finds it difficult to learn science on its own.
A. Only I and II are implicit
B. Only II and III are implicit
C. Only I and III are implicit
D. All are implicit
E. None of these
9. Statement: "X-chocolate is ideal as a gift for someone you love." - An
advertisement.
Assumptions:
People generally give gifts to loved ones.
Such advertisements generally influence people.
Chocolate can be considered as a gift item.
A. Only I and II are implicit
B. Only II and III are implicit
C. Only I and III are implicit
D. All are implicit
E. None of these
10. Statement: The residents of the locality wrote a letter to the
Corporation requesting to restore normalcy in the supply of drinking
water immediately as the supply at present is just not adequate.
Assumptions:
The Corporation may not take any action on the letter.
The municipality has enough water to meet the demand.
The water supply to the area was adequate in the past.
A. Only I and III are implicit
B. Only II is implicit
C. Only II and III are implicit
D. Only III is implicit
E. None of these
11. Statement: "I want to present a book on techniques of yoga to Ajay
on his birthday."- A tells B.
Assumptions:
A will be invited by Ajay on his birthday.
The person, to whom the book is to be presented, is not keeping good health.
Book is an acceptable gift for birthday.
A. Only I and II are implicit
B. Only II and III are implicit
C. Only I and III are implicit
D. None is implicit
E. All are implicit