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Lecture 1 - Introduction To Electronic Communications

This document provides an overview of principles of communication and electronic communication. It covers topics such as modulation techniques, transmitter and receiver elements, analog and digital signals, the electromagnetic spectrum, and bandwidth. The syllabus outlines modulation types like amplitude, frequency, and phase modulation and circuits for AM and FM. It also discusses multiplexing, satellite communication, and the evolution of communication technologies over time.

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melwin victoria
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267 views28 pages

Lecture 1 - Introduction To Electronic Communications

This document provides an overview of principles of communication and electronic communication. It covers topics such as modulation techniques, transmitter and receiver elements, analog and digital signals, the electromagnetic spectrum, and bandwidth. The syllabus outlines modulation types like amplitude, frequency, and phase modulation and circuits for AM and FM. It also discusses multiplexing, satellite communication, and the evolution of communication technologies over time.

Uploaded by

melwin victoria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRINCIPLES OF

COMMUNICATION
COURSE SYLLABUS
• INTRODUCTION
• MODULATION
• AMPLITUDE MODULATION
• FREQUENCY AND PHASE MODULATION
• AM CIRCUITS
• FM CIRCUITS
• MULTIPLEXING
• SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
INTRODUCTION
TO
ELECTRONIC
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION

⮚ Is the basic process


of exchanging
information.
TWO MAIN BARRIERS
TO HUMAN
COMMUNICATION
❖Language
❖ Distance
EVOLUTION OF
ELECTRONIC
COMMUNICATION
❖ 1440 Gutenberg invents the printing press
❖ 1844 Morse patents the telegraph
❖ 1866 First successful use of a transatlantic
telegraph cable
❖ 1876 Bell invents and patents the telephone
❖ 1879 Eastman develops photographic film
❖ 1887 Hertz discovered radio waves
❖ 1895 Marconi demonstrates wireless
telegraphy
❖ 1901 Marconi makes first transatlantic
radio transmission
❖ 1903 The Fleming “valve” is invented
❖ 1906 De Forest invents the triode
Vacuum tube and the first radio
telephone broadcast.
❖ 1923 Television is invented
❖ 1931 Radio astronomy is discovered
❖ 1940-45 RADAR is perfected and helps in
World War II
❖ 1948 Transistor is invented
❖ 1954 Color television broadcasting
begins
❖ 1959 The integrated circuit is invented
❖ 1962 First communication satellite
THREE MAJOR FIELDS OF
ELECTRONICS

❖Computers
❖Communication
❖Control
principles
ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
TRANSMITTER
⮚ Collection of electronic components
and circuits designed to convert the
information into a signal suitable for
transmission over a given
communications medium.

COMMUNICATIONS CHANNEL
⮚ Is the medium by which the electronic
signal is sent from one place to another.
RECEIVER
⮚ Another collection of electronic
components and circuits that accept the
transmitted message from the channel and
convert it back into a form understandable
by humans.

NOISE
⮚ Random, undesirable electric energy that
enters the communications system via the
communicating medium and interferes with
the transmitted message.
CLASSIFICATION OF
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION
❖ One-way or two-way transmission
❖ Analog versus digital signals
❖ Baseband or modulated signals
TWO BASIC TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
1. SIMPLEX >> One – way
communication
* AM and Fm Broadcasting
* TV broadcasting
* Cable TV
* Facsimile
* Wireless Remote Control * Radio astronomy
* Paging Services * Music services
* Telemetry
* Navigation and direction – finding services
2. DUPLEX >> two – way
communication

* Telephones
* Two –way radio
* Radar

* Sonar * Data communication


* Amateur radio * Local Area Network
* Citizen radio
TWO TYPES OF SIGNALS
1. ANALOG SIGNAL
2. DDIGITAL SIGNAL

Analog signal is a continuously varying


voltage or current. A typical analog
signal is a sine wave tone. Voice and
video voltages are analog signals. The
other type of transmitted signal falls
under the broad general category of
Digital.
THE
ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM
✔ Electromagnetic Spectrum is the
entire range of frequencies.

✔ Before data can be transmitted,


information must be converted into

✔ Electromagnetic signal consists of


electric and magnetic fields that travel
through space for long distance.
FREQUENCY
⮚ Is the number of times a particular
phenomenon occurs in a given period of
time.

WAVELENGHT
⮚ Is the distance traveled by an
electromagnetic wave during the time of
one cycle.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
FREQUENCY AND
WAVELENGTH

λ = 300 / f
Where:
λ is in meters and f in MHz
❖ EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCIES
⮚ These include ac power line frequencies
as well as those frequencies in the low
end of the human hearing range.

❖ VOICE FREQUENCIES
⮚ This is the normal range of human
speech. Although human hearing
extends from approximately 20 to 20000
Hz most intelligible sound occurs in VF
range.
❖ VERY LOW FREQUENCIES
⮚ Many musical instruments also make
sound in this range. It is also used by
the navy to communicate with
submarines.

❖ LOW FREQUENCY
⮚ The primary communications
services in this range are those used
in aeronautical and marine
navigation.
❖ MEDIUM FREQUENCY
⮚ The major application of
frequencies in this range is AM radio
broadcasting.

❖ HIGH FREQUENCY
⮚These are frequencies generally
known as SHORT WAVES. All kinds
of two - way radio communications
take place in this range as well as
some shortwave radio broadcasting.
❖ VERY HIGH FREQUENCIES
⮚This is an extremely popular frequency
range and is used by many services
including mobile radio, marine, and
aeronautical communications, FM radio
broadcasting and television channels 2
through 13.

❖ ULTRAHIGH FREQUENCY
⮚It is widely used for land mobile
communications and services such as
cellular telephones
❖ SUPERHIGH FREQUENCIES
⮚This are microwave frequencies that are
widely used for satellite communications
and radar.

❖ EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCIES


⮚Equipment used to generate and receive
signals in this range is extremely
complex and expensive. Presently there
is only a limited amount of activity in
this range, but it does include satellite
communications and some specialized
radar.
❖ INFRARED
⮚Infrared refers to radiation generally
associates with heat. Anything that
produces heat generates infrared
signals. Infrared is produced by light
bulbs, our bodies, and any physical
equipment that generates heat. Infrared
signals can also be generated by special
types of light emitting diodes.

❖ VISIBLE SPECTRUM
⮚The visible range is approximately 8000 Å
to 4000 Å .
BANDWIDTH

✔ It is that portion of the electromagnetic


spectrum occupied by a signal.
✔ It is also the frequency range over which
a receiver or other electronic circuit
operates.
✔ Is the difference between the upper and
lower frequency limits of the signal or
the equipment operation range.

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