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1.4 Static Characteristics of Measurement Systems Accuracy, Precision, Sensitivity

The document discusses static characteristics of measurement systems including accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value, while precision refers to the consistency of repeated measurements under the same conditions. Sensitivity is the ability of a measurement system to detect small changes in the quantity being measured. The document provides details on how each characteristic is defined and evaluated through static calibration and repeated measurements.

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396 views7 pages

1.4 Static Characteristics of Measurement Systems Accuracy, Precision, Sensitivity

The document discusses static characteristics of measurement systems including accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value, while precision refers to the consistency of repeated measurements under the same conditions. Sensitivity is the ability of a measurement system to detect small changes in the quantity being measured. The document provides details on how each characteristic is defined and evaluated through static calibration and repeated measurements.

Uploaded by

vanitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Static characteristics of measurement

systems: accuracy, precision, sensitivity

1
Static Characteristics of Measurement Systems
• In most measurement systems the quantity to be measured changes so slowly
that it is only necessary to know the static characteristics of sensors.
• The static characteristics influence also the dynamic behavior of the sensor that
is, its behavior when the measured quantity changes with time.
• The mathematical description of the joint consideration of static and dynamic
characteristics is complex.

Accuracy, Precision, and Sensitivity

• Accuracy is the quality that characterizes the capacity of a measuring instrument


for giving results close to the true value of the measured quantity.
• The ``true,'' ``exact,'' or ``ideal'' value is the value that would be obtained by a
perfect measurement.
• It follows that true values are, by nature, indeterminate.
2
• The conventional true value of a quantity is ``the value attributed to a particular
quantity and accepted, sometimes by convention, as having an uncertainty
appropriate for a given purpose'‘
• Sensor accuracy is determined through static calibration.
• It consists of keeping constant all sensor inputs, except the one to be studied.
This input is changed very slowly, thus taking successive constant values along
the measurement range.

• The successive sensor output results are then recorded.


• Their plot against input values forms the calibration curve.
• Obviously each value of the input quantity must be known.
• Measurement standards are such known quantities.
• Their values should be at least ten times more accurate than that of the sensor
being calibrated.
• Any discrepancy between the true value for the measured quantity and the
instrument reading is called an error.
• The difference between measurement result and the true value is called absolute
error.
• Sometimes it is given as a percentage of the maximal value that can be measured
with the instrument (full-scale output, FSO) or with respect to the difference
between the maximal and the minimal measurable valuesÐthat is, the
measurement range or span

Absolute error = Result - True value


• The error is specified as a quotient between the absolute error and the true value
for the measured quantity.
• This quotient is called the relative error.

4
• Relative error usually consists of two parts: one given as a percentage of the
reading and another that is constant .
• The constant part can be expressed as a percentage of the FSO, a threshold
value, a number of counts in digital instruments, or a combination of these.

Precision:

• Precision is the quality that characterizes the capability of a measuring instrument


of giving the same reading when repetitively measuring the same quantity under
the same prescribed conditions (environmental, operator, etc.), without regard for
the coincidence or discrepancy between the result and the true value. Precision
implies an agreement between successive readings and a high number of
significant figures in the result.

5
Repeatability:
•The repeatability is the closeness of agreement between successive results
obtained with the same method under the same conditions and in a short time
interval.
•Quantitatively, the repeatability is the minimum value that exceeds with a specified
probability, the absolute value of the difference between two successive readings
obtained under the specified conditions.

Reproducibility
•The reproducibility is also related to the degree of coincidence between successive
readings when the same quantity is measured with a given method, but in this case
with a long-term set of measurements or with measurements carried out by different
people or performed with different instruments or in different laboratories.

6
• Quantitatively, the reproducibility is the minimal value that exceeds, with a given
probability, the absolute value of the difference between two single measurement
results obtained under the above-mentioned conditions

Sensititvity:

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