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    Working With Composite Data Types

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    Muhammad Akbar

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Working With Composite Data Types

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Akbar
    18 views24 pages

    Original Title

    Les06

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    18 views24 pages

    Working With Composite Data Types

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Akbar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    6

    Working with
    Composite Data Types

    Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    Objectives

    After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the


    following:
    • Create user-defined PL/SQL records
    • Create a record with the %ROWTYPE attribute
    • Create an INDEX BY table
    • Create an INDEX BY table of records
    • Describe the differences among records, tables, and tables
    of records

    6-2 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    Composite Data Types

    • Can hold multiple values (unlike scalar types)


    • Are of two types:
    – PL/SQL records
    – PL/SQL collections
    —
    INDEX BY tables or associative arrays
    —
    Nested table
    —
    VARRAY

    6-3 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    Composite Data Types

    • Use PL/SQL records when you want to store values of


    different data types but only one occurrence at a time.
    • Use PL/SQL collections when you want to store values of the
    same data type.

    6-4 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    PL/SQL Records

    • Must contain one or more components (called fields) of any


    scalar, RECORD, or INDEX BY table data type
    • Are similar to structures in most third-generation languages
    (including C and C++)
    • Are user defined and can be a subset of a row in a table
    • Treat a collection of fields as a logical unit
    • Are convenient for fetching a row of data from a table for
    processing

    6-5 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    Creating a PL/SQL Record

    Syntax:

    1 TYPE type_name IS RECORD


    (field_declaration[, field_declaration]…);

    2 identifier type_name;

    field_declaration:
    field_name {field_type | variable%TYPE
    | table.column%TYPE | table%ROWTYPE}
    [[NOT NULL] {:= | DEFAULT} expr]

    6-6 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    Creating a PL/SQL Record

    Declare variables to store the name, job, and salary of a new


    employee.
    Example:
    DECLARE
    type t_rec is record
    (v_sal number(8),
    v_minsal number(8) default 1000,
    v_hire_date employees.hire_date%type,
    v_rec1 employees%rowtype);
    v_myrec t_rec;
    BEGIN
    v_myrec.v_sal := v_myrec.v_minsal + 500;
    v_myrec.v_hire_date := sysdate;
    SELECT * INTO v_myrec.v_rec1
    FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_myrec.v_rec1.last_name ||' '||
    to_char(v_myrec.v_hire_date) ||' '|| to_char(v_myrec.v_sal));
    END;

    6-7 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    PL/SQL Record Structure

    Field1 (data type) Field2 (data type) Field3 (data type)

    Example:

    Field1 (data type) Field2 (data type) Field3 (data type)


    employee_id number(6) last_name varchar2(25) job_id varchar2(10)

    100 King AD_PRES

    6-8 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    %ROWTYPE Attribute

    • Declare a variable according to a collection of columns in a


    database table or view.
    • Prefix %ROWTYPE with the database table or view.
    • Fields in the record take their names and data types from the
    columns of the table or view.
    Syntax:
    DECLARE
    identifier reference%ROWTYPE;

    6-9 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    Advantages of Using %ROWTYPE

    • The number and data types of the underlying database


    columns need not be known—and, in fact, might change at
    run time.
    • The %ROWTYPE attribute is useful when retrieving a row with
    the SELECT * statement.

    6 - 11 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    %ROWTYPE Attribute: Example

    DECLARE
    v_employee_number number:= 124;
    v_emp_rec employees%ROWTYPE;
    BEGIN
    SELECT * INTO v_emp_rec FROM employees
    WHERE employee_id = v_employee_number;
    INSERT INTO retired_emps(empno, ename, job, mgr,
    hiredate, leavedate, sal, comm, deptno)
    VALUES (v_emp_rec.employee_id, v_emp_rec.last_name,
    v_emp_rec.job_id, v_emp_rec.manager_id,
    v_emp_rec.hire_date, SYSDATE,
    v_emp_rec.salary, v_emp_rec.commission_pct,
    v_emp_rec.department_id);
    END;
    /

    6 - 12 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    Inserting a Record
    by Using %ROWTYPE

    ...
    DECLARE
    v_employee_number number:= 124;
    v_emp_rec retired_emps%ROWTYPE;
    BEGIN
    SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, manager_id,
    hire_date, hire_date, salary, commission_pct,
    department_id INTO v_emp_rec FROM employees
    WHERE employee_id = v_employee_number;
    INSERT INTO retired_emps VALUES v_emp_rec;
    END;
    /
    SELECT * FROM retired_emps;

    6 - 13 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    Updating a Row in a Table
    by Using a Record

    SET VERIFY OFF


    DECLARE
    v_employee_number number:= 124;
    v_emp_rec retired_emps%ROWTYPE;
    BEGIN
    SELECT * INTO v_emp_rec FROM retired_emps;
    v_emp_rec.leavedate:=CURRENT_DATE;
    UPDATE retired_emps SET ROW = v_emp_rec WHERE
    empno=v_employee_number;
    END;
    /
    SELECT * FROM retired_emps;

    6 - 14 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    INDEX BY Tables or Associative Arrays

    • Are PL/SQL structures with two columns:


    – Primary key of integer or string data type
    – Column of scalar or record data type
    • Are unconstrained in size. However, the size depends on the
    values that the key data type can hold.

    6 - 15 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    Creating an INDEX BY Table

    Syntax:
    TYPE type_name IS TABLE OF
    {column_type | variable%TYPE
    | table.column%TYPE} [NOT NULL]
    | table%ROWTYPE
    [INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER | BINARY_INTEGER
    | VARCHAR2(<size>)];
    identifier type_name;
    Declare an INDEX BY table to store the last names of
    employees:
    ...
    TYPE ename_table_type IS TABLE OF
    employees.last_name%TYPE
    INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
    ...
    ename_table ename_table_type;

    6 - 16 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    INDEX BY Table Structure

    Unique key Value


    ... ...

    1 Jones
    5 Smith
    3 Maduro

    ... ...

    PLS_INTEGER Scalar

    6 - 18 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    Creating an INDEX BY Table

    DECLARE
    TYPE ename_table_type IS TABLE OF
    employees.last_name%TYPE
    INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
    TYPE hiredate_table_type IS TABLE OF DATE
    INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
    ename_table ename_table_type;
    hiredate_table hiredate_table_type;
    BEGIN
    ename_table(1) := 'CAMERON';
    hiredate_table(8) := SYSDATE + 7;
    IF ename_table.EXISTS(1) THEN
    INSERT INTO ...
    ...
    END;
    /

    6 - 19 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    Using INDEX BY Table Methods

    The following methods make INDEX BY tables easier to use:


    • EXISTS • PRIOR
    • COUNT • NEXT
    • FIRST • DELETE
    • LAST

    6 - 20 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    INDEX BY Table of Records

    Define an INDEX BY table variable to hold an entire row from a


    table.
    Example:
    DECLARE
    TYPE dept_table_type IS TABLE OF
    departments%ROWTYPE
    INDEX BY VARCHAR2(20);
    dept_table dept_table_type;
    -- Each element of dept_table is a record

    6 - 21 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    INDEX BY Table of Records: Example

    DECLARE
    TYPE emp_table_type IS TABLE OF
    employees%ROWTYPE INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
    my_emp_table emp_table_type;
    max_count NUMBER(3):= 104;
    BEGIN
    FOR i IN 100..max_count
    LOOP
    SELECT * INTO my_emp_table(i) FROM employees
    WHERE employee_id = i;
    END LOOP;
    FOR i IN my_emp_table.FIRST..my_emp_table.LAST
    LOOP
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(my_emp_table(i).last_name);
    END LOOP;
    END;
    /

    6 - 23 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    Nested Tables

    1 Bombay
    2 Sydney
    3 Oxford
    4 London
    .. ....
    2 GB

    6 - 24 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    VARRAY

    1 Bombay
    2 Sydney
    3 Oxford
    4 London
    .. ....
    10 Tokyo

    6 - 26 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    Summary

    In this lesson, you should have learned how to:


    • Define and reference PL/SQL variables of composite data
    types
    – PL/SQL record
    – INDEX BY table
    – INDEX BY table of records
    • Define a PL/SQL record by using the %ROWTYPE attribute

    6 - 27 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    Practice 6: Overview

    This practice covers the following topics:


    • Declaring INDEX BY tables
    • Processing data by using INDEX BY tables
    • Declaring a PL/SQL record
    • Processing data by using a PL/SQL record

    6 - 28 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

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