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Group 6 Gyroscope

The document summarizes key information about gyroscopes. It discusses that a gyroscope measures orientation using conservation of angular momentum. It has two main properties: rigidity and precession. MEMS gyroscopes use vibrating elements to detect angular velocity. There are several types including tuning fork, micro-laser, and piezoelectric plate gyroscopes. Applications include inertial navigation systems, industrial automation, cameras, and virtual reality.

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Phenias Manyasha
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56 views17 pages

Group 6 Gyroscope

The document summarizes key information about gyroscopes. It discusses that a gyroscope measures orientation using conservation of angular momentum. It has two main properties: rigidity and precession. MEMS gyroscopes use vibrating elements to detect angular velocity. There are several types including tuning fork, micro-laser, and piezoelectric plate gyroscopes. Applications include inertial navigation systems, industrial automation, cameras, and virtual reality.

Uploaded by

Phenias Manyasha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GYROSCOPE

GROUP 6
Group Members

MANYASHA PHINEAS C17131755X


HADZIZI TAKUNDA P C17131062H
CHIANGWA CHARMAINE C17131602G
MAZORODZE MUNASHE C17132019L
MANHANGA NGONIDZASHE G C17131384F
Outline

• Introduction
• Properties
• How it works
• Types of Gyroscopes
• Applications
Introduction

• A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principles


of conservation of angular momentum.
• MEMS gyroscopes generally use a vibrating mechanical element as a sensing element for
detecting the angular velocity.
• They do not have rotating parts that require bearings and this allows an easy
miniaturization and the use of the manufacturing techniques typical of MEMS devices
• All MEMS gyroscopes with vibrating element are based on the transfer of energy between
two vibration modes caused by the acceleration of Coriolis
.
Properties

Gyroscopes have two basic properties:


1. RIGIDITY: The axis of rotation (spin axis) of the gyro wheel tends to remain in a fixed
direction in space if no force is applied to it.
2. PRECESSION: The axis of rotation has a tendency to turn at a right angle to the direction
of an applied force
How it works

Coriolis acceleration
It is an apparent that rises in a rotating frame of reference it is proportional to the rate of
change of rotation
a= 2(v*w)
Coriolis force
The Coriolis force that will be acting on mass m is given by
F=-2m(v*w)
Types Of Gyroscopes

• Draper Tuning Fork Gyroscope


• Micro-laser gyroscope
• Piezoelectric Plate Gyroscope
Fabrication
of a Piezoelectric Plate
Gyroscope
Draper tuning fork

• It consist of two tines connected to a junction bar which resonate at certain amplitude
• When the tines rotate carioles force causes a force perpendicular to the tines of a force the
force is then detected as bending of the tuning fork of a torsional force these forces are
proportional to that applied angular rate from which the displacement can be measured in
a capacitive fashion. Electrostatic or electromagnetic can be used to detect force
• These devices eventually functioned as the yaw rate sensor for skid control in anti-lock
braking applications
Micro-laser gyroscope

• A laser source outputs two beams travelling in in an opposite direction around a ring until
they reach the detector
• The detector counts the beat frequency of the combined light wave this beat frequency of
the combined light wave
• This beat is directly proportional to the angle of rotation of the gyroscope
j
Piezoelectric plate gyroscope

• It works on the principle of a vibrating body and in this case the vibrating body is a
piezoelectric sheet
• The sheet vibrates which oscillates with time
• This requires an ac driving voltage applied vertically across the plate which uses the electro-
mechanical properties of a PTZ to create vibration
• In this case we use PZT because it has high piezoelectric constants and can be added at a
precise thickness
• When the vibrating plate is rotated about an axis perpendicular to the drive voltage ,a
voltage is produced in the third perpendicular direction
• This output voltage is proportional to the angular velocity
Applications

A gyroscope enables tracking of the twists, turns and rolls of an object in motion.
• Inertial navigation systems in military aircraft, commercial airliners, ships and spacecraft
• Industrial and automotive applications, such as GPS systems
• Satellite stylization
• Gesture recognition
• Optical image stabilization in cameras
• Translating a person's real world movement into a virtual world
In electronics and gadgets
THANK YOU

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