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Introduction To PLC Programmable Logic Controller: Presented by

The document introduces programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It discusses that PLCs were introduced in the 1960s as replacements for relay-based controls. The major components of a PLC are a power supply, input and output modules, a processor, and a programming device. PLCs operate through a sequence of self-testing, input scanning, logic solving, and output scanning. Ladder logic is a common PLC programming language that uses contacts, coils, and gates to model electrical circuits. PLCs are used in many industrial applications for automation.

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Fahad Chaudhary
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256 views16 pages

Introduction To PLC Programmable Logic Controller: Presented by

The document introduces programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It discusses that PLCs were introduced in the 1960s as replacements for relay-based controls. The major components of a PLC are a power supply, input and output modules, a processor, and a programming device. PLCs operate through a sequence of self-testing, input scanning, logic solving, and output scanning. Ladder logic is a common PLC programming language that uses contacts, coils, and gates to model electrical circuits. PLCs are used in many industrial applications for automation.

Uploaded by

Fahad Chaudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

PLC

Programmable logic
controller

Presented By
Ghaffar Ahmed
Lab-Engr
Contents
 What is PLC?
 History of PLC
 Major components of PLC
 Operational sequence of PLC
 Ladder logic
 Example of starting and stopping of a
motor
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Application
What is PLC?

PLC is a digital computer designed for


multiple inputs and output
arrangements, extended temperature
ranges, immunity to electrical noise,
and resistance to vibration and impact.
A PLC is an example of a real time
system.
 PLC was introduced in late 1960’s
First commercial & successful Programmable Logic
Controllers was designed and developed by Modicon as a relay
replacer for General Motors.
 Earlier, it was a machine with thousands of electronic parts.
Later ,in late 1970’s,the microprocessor became reality & greatly
enhanced the role of PLC permitting it to evolve form simply relay to
the sophisticated system as it is today.
Major Components of a Common PLC

POWER

SUPPL
Y

I M O M
N O U O
P D T D
U U PROCESSOR P U
T U L
From T E To
SENSORS L OUTPUT
Pushbuttons, Solenoids,
contacts, E
contactors,
limit switches, alarms
etc. etc.
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE

5
Major Components of a Common PLC

POWER SUPPLY
Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC components

I/O MODULES
Provides signal conversion and isolation between the internal logic-
level signals inside the PLC and the field’s high level signal.
PROCESSOR
Provides intelligence to command and govern the activities of the entire
PLC systems.

PROGRAMMING DEVICE
Used to enter the desired program that will determine the sequence of
operation and control of process equipment or driven machine.

6
PLC operation sequence
1)Self test: Testing of its own hardware
and software for faults.
2) Input scan: If there are no problems, PLC Self test
will copy all the inputs and copy their values
into memory.
Input
3) Logic solve/scan: Using inputs, the ladder scan
logic program is solved once and outputs are
updated. Logic
scan
4) Output scan: While solving logic the output
values are updated only in memory when Output
ladder scan is done, the outputs will be scan
updated using temporary values in
Programming Languages of PLC
Most common languages encountered in PLC
programming are:
1) Ladder Logic
2) Functional Block Diagram
3) Sequential Function Chart
4)Boolean mnemonics
Ladder Logic
 The ladder logic is the oldest
programming language for PLC.
 It is well suited to express Combinational
logic.
 The main ladder logic symbols represent
the elements :

make contact

break contact

relay coil
AND Gate OR
Gate
A B Logic(Y) A B Logic(Y)
OFF OFF OFF
OFF OFF OFF
OFF ON ON
OFF ON OFF
ON OFF ON
ON OFF OFF
ON ON ON
ON ON ON

Y
A B Y
B
NOR NAND Gate
Gate
A B Logic(Y) A B Logic(Y)
OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON
OFF ON OFF OFF ON ON
ON OFF OFF ON OFF ON
ON ON OFF ON ON OFF

A B Y Y

B
SYMBOLS
Example
Block diagram of a PLC
Outputs
LEDs

Inputs
Ladder Logic Program for Start/Stop of Motor
:

X1 X2 Y1

Y1
Programming PLC:

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