ADJOINT AND INVERSE MATRICES

LINEAR EQUATIONS
Adjoint and Inverse Matrices

• Adjoint/Adjugate – a transpose of cofactor matrix of the given matrix.

– denoted by Adj.
In 2x2 matrix:

A = 1 2 = a b  Adj.(A) d -b
-4 -3 c d -c a

-3 -2
Adj.(A) =
4 1
In 3x3 matrix:
3 0 2
A = 2 0 -2 Adj.(A) = ?
0 1 1
First: Determine the cofactor of each element.

3 0 2 3 0 2 3 0 2
2 0 -2 2 0 -2 2 0 -2
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

1st row 2nd row 3rd row

-1(0) – 1(-2) = 2 0(1) – 1(2) = -2 0(-2) – 0(2) = 0
2(1) – 0(-2) = 2 3(1) – 0(2) = 3 3(-2) – 2(2) = -10
2(1) – 0(0) = 2 3(1) – 0(0) = 3 3(0) – 2(0) = 0 3: Cofactors = (-1)1+1(R + C) x 2(minor) = 2
• Inverse Matrices – it is the inverse matrix of the given matrix, which when multiplied by each other will result to an identity
– ex. The inverse of matrix A = A-1.

Identity: A x A-1 = Inth

Formula in solving the inverse matrix:

 A-1 =

*Note: the determinant ≠ 0; if the determinant = 0,

then the inverse of that matrix does not exist
In 2x2 matrix:

1 2 d -b 1 2 -0.6 -0.4 1 0
 A = A-1 = ?  A-1 = AA-1 = I2  =
-4 -3 -c a -4 -3 0.8 0.2 0 1

a b -3 -2 1(-0.6)+2(0.8) 1(-0.4)+2(0.2)
 A =  A-1 = AA-1 =
c d 4 1 -4(-0.6)+(-3)(0.8) -4(-0.4)+(-3)(0.2)

-0.6 -0.4 1 0
 A-1 = -3 -2 = AA =
-1

0.8 0.2 0 1
4 1
In 3x3 matrix:
3 0 2
 A = 2 0 -2 A -1 = ?  A-1 =
0 1 1

Determinant = 3(2) – 0(2) + 2(2) = 10

2 2 0 2 2 0
  Adj.(A) = -2 3 10  A-1 = -2 3 10
2 -3 0 2 -3 0

0.2 0.2 0
A-1 = -0.2 0.3 1
0.2 -0.3 0
Linear Equations
a b
A=  Adj.(A) = d -b
c d -c a
In 2x2:

2𝑥 − 𝑦=4
 
l A l: 7 A= 2
3
-1
2
 Adj.(A) = 2
-3
1
2
A X B

2 -1 x 4  A-1 = Adj.(A)
3 2 y 13
 A-1 = 2 1
-3 2
AX = B  A-1AX = A-1B
IX = A-1B X = A-1B: 2x2 2x1 ORDER: 2X1
X = A-1B
XA = B  AA-1X = BA-1 x   1 2 1 4
IX = BA-1 y 7 -3 2 13
X = BA-1
x   1 21 3 ∴ x = 3, y = 2
A B ≠ BA
-1 -1
y 7 14 2
 -4 -4 0
In 3x3:  A = Adj.(A) =
-1
-5 1 -3
x + y – z = -2 3 -3 -3
2x – y + z = 5 X = A-1B: 3x3 3x1 ORDER: 3X1
Determinant = -12
-x + 2y + 2z = 1
A X B x -4 -4 0 -2
1 1 -1 x -2   -5 1 -3 5
y
2 -1 1 y 5 z 3 -3 -3 1
-1 2 2 z 1
x -12
= 1[2(-1) – 2] – 1[2(2) – 1(-1)] + (-1)[2(2) – (-1)(-1)]  
y 12
= 1[-4] – 1[5] + (-1)[3] z 2
= -4 – 5 – 3 = -12
x 1
-4 5 3 -4 -5 3 y -1 ∴ x = 1, y = -1, z = 2
Adj. (A) = 4 1 3  -4 1 -3 z 2
0 3 -3 0 -3 -3

-4 -4 0
Adj. (A) = -5 1 -3
3 -3 -3
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