Graphical User Interfaces

JavaFX GUI Basics, Event

Programming and GUI UI Controls
 GUI Examples

2
 GU
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Iprovides user-friendly human interaction

Building Java GUIs require use of
frameworks:
AWT
Swing
JavaFX (part of Java since JSE 8, 2014) includes:
GUI components
Event Programming
Graphics

3
 How do GUIs
work?
• They loop and respond to
events
Construct GUI Components

Render GUI

Check to see if any input

Respond to user input

4
 Example: a mouse click on a
button
Operating System recognizes mouse
click
determines which window it was inside
notifies that program
Program runs in loop
checks input buffer filled by OS
if it finds a mouse click:
determines which component in the
program
5 if the click was on a relevant component
 GUI Look vs.
Behavior
Look
physical appearance
custom component design
containment
layout management
Behavior
interactivity
event programmed
6
response
 What does a GUI framework do for
you?
Provides ready made visible, interactive,
customizable components
you wouldn’t want to have to code
your own
window

7
 JavaFX vs Swing and
 Swing and AWT are replaced by the JavaFX platform
AWT
for developing rich Internet applications in JDK8
(2014)
 History:
 When Java was introduced (1996), the GUI classes were bundled in
a library known as the Abstract Windows Toolkit (AWT)
 AWT was prone to platform-specific bugs
 AWT was fine for developing simple graphical user interfaces, but not
for developing comprehensive GUI projects
 The AWT user-interface components were replaced by a more robust,
versatile, and flexible library known as Swing components (1997)
 Swing components are painted directly on canvases using Java code
 Swing components depend less on the target platform and use less of the native
GUI resource
 With the release of Java 8, Swing is replaced by
8 a completely new GUI platform: JavaFX
 Stage
Scene Basic Structure of
Button
JavaFX
 javafx.application.Application
is the entry point for JavaFX applications
 JavaFX creates an application thread for running the
application start method, processing input events,
and running animation timelines.
 Override the start(Stage) method!
 javafx.stage.Stage is the top level
JavaFX container.
 The primary Stage is constructed by the platform.
 javafx.scene.Scene class is the
container for all content in a scene graph.
 javafx.scene.Node is the base class for
9 scene graph
nodes.
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;

public class MyFirstJavaFX extends

Application {
@Override // Override the start method in the Application class
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a button and place it in the scene
Button btOK = new Button("OK");
Scene scene = new Scene(btOK, 200, 250);
primaryStage.setTitle("MyJavaFX"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}

/**
* The main method is only needed for the IDE with limited
* JavaFX support. Not needed for running from the command
line.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}
// Multiple stages can be added beside the primaryStage
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import
javafx.scene.Scene;
import
javafx.scene.control.Butto
n;

public class
MultipleStageDemo extends
Application {
@Override // Override the start method in the Application class
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a scene and place a button in the scene
Scene scene = new Scene(new Button("OK"), 200, 250);
primaryStage.setTitle("MyJavaFX"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
Stage stage = new Stage(); // Create a new stage
stage.setTitle("Second Stage"); // Set the stage title
// Set a scene with a button in the stage
stage.setScene(new Scene(new Button("New Stage"), 100, 100));
stage.show(); // Display the stage
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Panes, UI Controls, and
Shapes
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;

public class ButtonInPane extends

Application {

@Override // Override the start method in the Application class

public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a scene and place a button in the scene
StackPane pane = new StackPane();
pane.getChildren().add(new Button("OK"));
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 200, 50);
primaryStage.setTitle("Button in a pane"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}
Display a
Shape

 Programming Coordinate Systems start from the left-upper

corner
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene; Circle in a Pane
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import
javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
public class ShowCircle extends Application {
@Override // Override the start method in the Application class
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a circle and set its properties
Circle circle = new Circle();
circle.setCenterX(100);
circle.setCenterY(100);
circle.setRadius(50);
circle.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
circle.setFill(null);
// Create a pane to hold the circle
Pane pane = new Pane();
pane.getChildren().add(circle);
// Create a scene and place it in the stage
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 200, 200);
primaryStage.setTitle("ShowCircle"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}

/**
* The main method is only needed for the IDE with limited
* JavaFX support. Not needed for running from the command
line.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
} }
15
 Binding
Properties
JavaFX introduces a new concept called binding

property
that enables a target object to be bound to a source object.
 If the value in the source object changes, the target property
is also changed automatically.
 The target object is simply called a binding object or a
binding property.
 Resizing the window in the previous example would cover
the object:

16
 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import
javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;

public class ShowCircleCentered extends Application

{ @Override // Override the start method in the Application
class public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a pane to hold the circle
Pane pane = new Pane();
// Create a circle and set its properties
Circle circle = new Circle();
circle.centerXProperty().bind(pane.widthProperty().divide(2));
circle.centerYProperty().bind(pane.heightProperty().divide(2));
circle.setRadius(50);
circle.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
circle.setFill(Color.WHITE);
pane.getChildren().add(circle);
// Add circle to the pane
// Create a scene and place it in the stage
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 200, 200);
primaryStage.setTitle("ShowCircleCentered"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}

/**
* The main method is only needed for the IDE with limited
* JavaFX support. Not needed for running from the command line.
*/
17 }
public static void main(String[] args) {
} launch(args);
 JavaFX Beans and
Binding
• Changes made to one object will automatically be reflected in another object
• A graphical user interface automatically keeps its display synchronized
with the application's underlying data: a binding observes its list of
dependencies for changes, and then updates itself automatically after a
change has been detected.
import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleDoubleProperty;

public class BindingDemo {

public static void main(String[] args)
{ DoubleProperty d1 = new
SimpleDoubleProperty(1); DoubleProperty d2 = Output:
new SimpleDoubleProperty(2); d1.bind(d2); d1 is 2.0 and d2 is 2.0
System.out.println("d1 is " + d1.getValue()
+ " and d2 is " + d2.getValue());

d2.setValue(70.2); d1 is 70.2 and d2 is 70.2

System.out.println("d1 is " + d1.getValue()
+ " and d2 is " + d2.getValue());
18}
}
 JavaFX CSS style and Node
rotation
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
public class NodeStyleRotateDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
StackPane pane = new StackPane();
Button btOK = new Button("OK");
btOK.setStyle("-fx-border-color: blue;");
pane.getChildren().add(btOK);
pane.setRotate(45);
pane.setStyle("-fx-border-color: red; -fx-background-color: lightgray;");
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 200, 250);
primaryStage.setTitle("NodeStyleRotateDemo"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}

/**
* The main method is only needed for the IDE with limited
* JavaFX support. Not needed for running from the command line.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
19 }
}
 JavaFX CSS style and Node
rotation
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;

public class NodeStyleRotateDemo extends Application {

@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
StackPane pane = new StackPane();

/* The StackPane layout pane places all of the nodes within

a single stack with each new node added on top of the
previous node. This layout model provides an easy way to
overlay text on a shape or image and to overlap common
shapes to create a complex shape. */

20
 JavaFX External CSS style
file
// Example to load and use a CSS style file in a scene
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;

public class ExternalCSSFile extends Application {

@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
try {
BorderPane root = new BorderPane();
Scene scene = new Scene(root,400,400);
scene.getStylesheets().add(getClass()
.getResource("application.css").toExternalForm());
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
21 }
Helper classes: The Color
Class
Helper classes: The Font
Class
The Image and ImageView
Classes
 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import
javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
public class ShowImage extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a pane to hold the image views
Pane pane = new HBox(10);
pane.setPadding(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
Image image = new Image("paul.jpg");
pane.getChildren().add(new ImageView(image));
ImageView imageView2 = new ImageView(image);
imageView2.setFitHeight(100);
imageView2.setFitWidth(100);
imageView2.setRotate(90);
pane.getChildren().add(imageView2);
Scene scene = new Scene(pane);
primaryStage.setTitle("ShowImage");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[]
args) {
25 launch(args);
} }
Layout
Panes
 JavaFX provides many types of panes for
organizing nodes in a container.
FlowPan
e
 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.FlowPane;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
public class ShowFlowPane extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage)
{ FlowPane pane = new FlowPane();
pane.setPadding(new Insets(11, 12, 13, 14));
pane.setHgap(5);
pane.setVgap(5);
// Place nodes in the pane
pane.getChildren().addAll(new Label("First Name:"),
new TextField(), new Label("MI:"));
TextField tfMi = new TextField();
tfMi.setPrefColumnCount(1);
pane.getChildren().addAll(tfMi, new Label("Last Name:"),
new TextField());
// Create a scene and place it in the stage
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 210, 150);
primaryStage.setTitle("ShowFlowPane");
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
28 }
}
 GridPan
e

29
 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.geometry.*;
public class ShowGridPane extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a pane and set its properties
GridPane pane = new GridPane();
pane.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
pane.setHgap(5.5);
pane.setVgap(5.5);
// Place nodes in the pane at positions column,row
pane.add(new Label("First Name:"), 0, 0);
pane.add(new TextField(), 1, 0);
pane.add(new Label("MI:"), 0, 1);
pane.add(new TextField(), 1, 1);
pane.add(new Label("Last Name:"), 0, 2);
pane.add(new TextField(), 1, 2);
Button btAdd = new Button("Add Name");
pane.add(btAdd, 1, 3);
GridPane.setHalignment(btAdd, HPos.RIGHT);
// Create a scene and place it in the stage
Scene scene = new Scene(pane);
primaryStage.setTitle("ShowGridPane");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
public
primaryStage.show();
static void main(String[]
} args) {
30 launch(args);
}}
BorderPane

31
 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
public class ShowBorderPane extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage)
{ BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
pane.setTop(new CustomPane("Top"));
pane.setRight(new CustomPane("Right"));
pane.setBottom(new CustomPane("Bottom"));
pane.setLeft(new CustomPane("Left"));
pane.setCenter(new CustomPane("Center"));
Scene scene = new Scene(pane);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}
class CustomPane extends StackPane {
public CustomPane(String title) {
getChildren().add(new Label(title));
setStyle("-fx-border-color: red");
setPadding(new Insets(11.5, 12.5,
32 } 13.5, 14.5));
}
Hbox and
VBox

33
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
public class ShowHBoxVBox extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
HBox hBox = new HBox(15);
hBox.setStyle("-fx-background-color: gold");
hBox.getChildren().add(new Button("Computer Science"));
hBox.getChildren().add(new Button("CEWIT"));
ImageView imageView = new ImageView(new
Image("cs14.jpg"));
hBox.getChildren().add(imageView);
pane.setTop(hBox);
VBox vBox = new VBox(15);
vBox.getChildren().add(new Label("Courses"));
Label[] courses = {new Label("CSE114"), new Label("CSE214"),
new Label("CSE219"), new Label("CSE308")};
for (Label course: courses) {
vBox.getChildren().add(course);
}
34 pane.setLeft(vBox);
Scene scene = new Scene(pane); primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
 Shapes
JavaFX provides many shape classes for drawing
texts, lines, circles, rectangles, ellipses, arcs,
polygons, and polylines.

35
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 Tex
t

36
 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import
javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.scene.text.FontWeight;
import javafx.scene.text.FontPosture;
public class ShowText extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage)
{ Pane pane = new Pane();
pane.setPadding(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
Text text1 = new Text(20, 20, "Programming is fun");
text1.setFont(Font.font("Courier", FontWeight.BOLD,
FontPosture.ITALIC, 15));
pane.getChildren().add(text1);
Text text2 = new Text(60,
60, "Programming is
fun\nDisplay text");
pane.getChildren().add(text2
);
Text text3 = new Text(10, 100, "Programming is fun\nDisplay
text"); text3.setFill(Color.RED);
text3.setUnderline(true);
text3.setStrikethrough(true);
37 pane.getChildren().add(text3);
} Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 600, 800);
 Lin
e

38
 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.shape.Line;
import
javafx.scene.paint.Color;
public class ShowLine extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
Line line1 = new Line(10, 10, 10, 10);
line1.endXProperty().bind(pane.widthProperty().subtract(10));
line1.endYProperty().bind(pane.heightProperty().subtract(10));
line1.setStrokeWidth(5);
line1.setStroke(Color.GREEN);
pane.getChildren().add(line1);
Line line2 = new Line(10, 10, 10, 10);
line2.startXProperty().bind(pane.widthProperty().subtract(10));
line2.endYProperty().bind(pane.heightProperty().subtract(10));
line2.setStrokeWidth(5);
line2.setStroke(Color.GREEN);
pane.getChildren().add(line2);
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 200, 200);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
39 }
}
 Rectangl
e

40
 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import java.util.Collections;
public class ShowRectangle extends
Application {
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
Rectangle r1 = new Rectangle(25, 10, 60, 30);
r1.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
r1.setFill(Color.WHITE);
pane.getChildren().add(new Text(10, 27, "r1"));
pane.getChildren().add(r1);
Rectangle r2 = new Rectangle(25, 50, 60, 30);
pane.getChildren().add(new Text(10, 67, "r2"));
pane.getChildren().add(r2);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(100, 50, 100, 30);
r.setRotate(i * 360 / 8);
r.setStroke(Color.color(Math.random(), Math.random(),
Math.random()));
r.setFill(Color.WHITE);
pane.getChildren().add(r);
}
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 250, 150);
41 primaryStage.setScene(scene); primaryStage.show();
} main
...//
 Circl
e

42
 Ellips
e

radiusX radiusY
(centerX, centerY)

43
 Ar radiusY length

startAngle

c
0 degree

radiusX
(centerX, centerY)

44
 Polygon and
Polyline

The getter and setter methods for property values and a getter for
javafx.scene.shape.Polygon property itself are provided in the class, but omitted in the UML diagram for
brevity.
+Polygon() Creates an empty polygon.
+Polygon(double... points) Creates a polygon with the given points.
+getPoints(): Returns a list of double values as x- and y-coordinates of the
ObservableList<Double> points.

45
 Event
Programming
Procedural programming is executed in
procedural/statement order
In event-driven programming, code is executed
upon activation of events
Operating Systems constantly monitor events
Ex: keystrokes, mouse clicks, etc…
The OS:
sorts out these events
reports them to the appropriate programs
46
 Where do we come
in?
For each control (button, combo box,
etc.):
define an event handler
construct an instance of event handler
tell the control who its event handler is
Event Handler?
code with response to event
a.k.a. event listener
47
 Java’s Event
An event source is a GUI control
Handling
 JavaFX: Button, ChoiceBox, ListView,
etc.

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/javafx/user-interface-tutorial/ui_controls.htm
different types of sources:
 can detect different types of events
 can register different types of listeners (handlers)
48
 Java’s Event
Handling
When the user interacts with a control
(source):
an event object is constructed
the event object is sent to all registered listener
objects
the listener object (handler) responds as you
defined it to

49
 Event Listeners (Event
Handler)
Defined by you, the application
programmer
you customize the response
How?
Inheritance & Polymorphism
You define your own listener class
implement the appropriate interface
define responses in all necessary methods
50
 Event
Objects
Contain information about the event
Like what?
location of mouse click
event source that was interacted with
etc.
Listeners use them to properly respond
different methods inside a listener object can
react differently to different types of
interactions
51
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
public class HandleEvent extends Application {
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
HBox pane = new HBox(10);
Button btOK = new Button("OK");
Button btCancel = new Button("Cancel");
OKHandlerClass handler1 = new OKHandlerClass();
btOK.setOnAction(handler1);
CancelHandlerClass handler2 = new CancelHandlerClass();
btCancel.setOnAction(handler2);
pane.getChildren().addAll(btOK, btCancel);
Scene scene = new Scene(pane);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
class OKHandlerClass
}…/*main*/} implements EventHandler<ActionEvent> {
@Override
public void handle(ActionEvent e)
{ System.out.println("OK button
clicked");
}}
class CancelHandlerClass implements
EventHandler<ActionEvent> {
52
@OverrideSystem.out.println("Canc(ec)lPaubl uFotdtoroannd
public
}} void
Pcela
handle(ActionEvent
rioscnknIecd. ");
e) {
 Handling GUI

AnEvents
Source object: button.
event is generated by external user actions such as mouse movements,
mouse clicks, or keystrokes.
 An event can be defined as a type of signal to the program that
something has happened.
 Listener object contains a method for processing the event.
Event
Classes
 Event
Information
An event object contains whatever properties are
pertinent to the event:
the source object of the event using the
getSource() instance method in
the EventObject class.
The subclasses of EventObject deal with
special types of events, such as button
actions, window events, component events,
mouse movements, and keystrokes.
Selected User Actions and
Handlers
The Delegation
Model
ControlCircle program that uses two buttons to control the size of a
circle
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color; ...
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
public class ControlCircle extends Application
{ private CirclePane circlePane = new
CirclePane(); @Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
HBox hBox = new HBox();
Button btEnlarge = new Button("Enlarge"); Button
btShrink = new Button("Shrink");
hBox.getChildren().add(btEnlarge);
hBox.getChildren().add(btShrink);
btEnlarge.setOnAction(new EnlargeHandler());
BorderPane borderPane = new BorderPane();
borderPane.setCenter(circlePane);
borderPane.setBottom(hBox);
BorderPane.setAlignment(hBox, Pos.CENTER);
Scene scene = new Scene(borderPane, 200, 150);
58 primaryStage.setScene(scene); primaryStage.show();
}
ControlCircle program that uses two buttons to control the size of a
circle // Inner Class
class EnlargeHandler
implements EventHandler<ActionEvent> {
@Override
public void handle(ActionEvent e) {
circlePane.enlarge();
}
}
}
class CirclePane extends StackPane
{ private Circle circle = new
Circle(50); public CirclePane() {
getChildren().add(circle);
circle.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
circle.setFill(Color.WHITE);
}
public void enlarge() {
circle.setRadius(circle.getRadius(
) + 2);
}
public void shrink()
{ circle.setRadius(circle.getRadius()
59
> 2
} ? circle.getRadius() - 2 :
 Inner Class
AListeners
listener class is designed specifically to
create a listener object for a GUI
component (e.g., a button).
Any object instance of the inner handler
class has access to all GUI fields of the outer
class.
It will not be shared by other applications.

60
 Inner
The InnerClass is a
Classes
public class OuterClass {
private int data = 0;
OuterClass(){
member of
InnerClass y = new InnerClass(); OuterClass
y.m2(); An inner class can
}
public void m1() {
reference the data and
data++; methods defined in
} the
nests,outer class
so you doinnot
public static xvoid main(String[] args) { which
need it reference of the
OuterClass = new OuterClass(); to pass the
System.out.println(x.data); outer class to the
}
class InnerClass
constructor of the
{ public void inner class.
m2() { An inner class is compiled
/* Directly
reference data into a class named
m1();
and OuterClass$InnerClass.class
} method defined in outer class */
61 } data++;
}
 Inner
Classes
An inner class can be declared public,
protected, or private subject to the
same visibility rules applied to a member of
the class.
An inner class can be declared static:
The static inner class can be accessed using
the outer class name,
However, a static inner class cannot
access nonstatic members of the outer class.
62
 Anonymous Inner
Classes
 Inner class listeners can be shortened using
anonymous inner classes: inner classes without a
name.
It combines declaring an inner class and creating an instance of
the class in one step.
 An anonymous inner class is declared as follows:
new SuperClassName/InterfaceName() {
// Implement or override methods in superclass/interface
// Other methods if necessary
}

63
 Anonymous Inner
Classes
 An anonymous inner class must always extend a superclass or
implement an interface, but it cannot have an explicit extends
or implements clause.
 An anonymous inner class must implement all the abstract methods
in the superclass or in the interface.
 An anonymous inner class always uses the no-arg constructor from
its superclass to create an instance.
 If an anonymous inner class implements an interface, the
constructor is Object().
 An anonymous inner class is compiled into a class named
OuterClassName$n.class, where n is the count of
inner classes.
64
 Anonymous Inner
Classes

65
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
public class AnonymousHandlerDemo extends Application {
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
HBox hBox = new HBox();
Button btNew = new Button("New");
Button btOpen = new Button("Open"); //btSave, btPrint btns.
hBox.getChildren().addAll(btNew, btOpen);
// Create and register the handler
btNew.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
@Override // Override the handle method
public void handle(ActionEvent e)
{ System.out.println("Process
New");
}
});
btOpen.setOnAction(new
EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
@Override // Override the handle method
66 public
} void handle(ActionEvent e) {
}); System.out.println("Process Open");
 Scene scene = new Scene(hBox, 300, 50);
primaryStage.setTitle("AnonymousHandlerDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}
 Simplifying Event Handing
Using Lambda Expressions
 Lambda expression is a new feature in Java
8.
Predefined functions for the type of the input.
 Lambda expressions can be viewed as an anonymous method
with a concise syntax.
btEnlarge.setOnAction( btEnlarge.setOnAction(e -> {
new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() { // Code for processing event e
@Override });
public void handle(ActionEvent e)
{
// Code for processing event e
}
}
});
(a) Anonymous inner class event handler (b) Lambda expression event handler
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
public class LambdaHandlerDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Hold two buttons in an HBox HBox
hBox = new HBox();
hBox.setSpacing(10);
hBox.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
Button btNew = new Button("New");
Button btOpen = new Button("Open");
Button btSave = new
Button("Save");
Button btPrint = new Button("Print");
hBox.getChildren().addAll(btNew, btOpen, btSave, btPrint);
btNew.setOnAction(e -> {System.out.println("Process New");});
btOpen.setOnAction(e -> {System.out.println("Process Open");});
btSave.setOnAction(e -> {System.out.println("Process Save");});
btPrint.setOnAction(e -> {System.out.println("Process Print");});
Scene scene = new Scene(hBox, 300, 50);
primaryStage.setScene(scene); Output:
primaryStage.show(); Process New
} Process Open
public static void main(String[] args) {
69 launch(args); }} Process Save
Process Print
Basic Syntax for a Lambda
Expression
 The basic syntax for a lambda expression is either:
(type1 param1, type2 param2, ...) -> expression

or
(type1 param1, type2 param2, ...) -> { statements; }

The data type for a parameter may be

explicitly declared or implicitly inferred by
the compiler.
The parentheses can be omitted if there is only
one parameter without an explicit data type.
Single Abstract Method Interface
(SAM)
 The statements in the lambda expression is all
for that method.
If it contains multiple methods, the compiler
will not be able to compile the lambda
expression.
So, for the compiler to understand lambda
expressions, the interface must contain
exactly one abstract method.
Such an interface is known as a functional
interface, or a Single Abstract Method (SAM)
 Loan
Calculator
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.geometry.HPos;
public class LoanCalculator extends
Application {
private TextField tfAnnualInterestRate = new TextField();
private TextField tfNumberOfYears = new TextField();
private TextField tfLoanAmount = new TextField();
private TextField tfMonthlyPayment = new TextField();
private TextField tfTotalPayment = new TextField();
private Button btCalculate = new Button("Calculate");
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create UI
GridPane gridPane = new GridPane();
gridPane.setHgap(5);
gridPane.setVgap(5);
gridPane.add(new Label("Annual
Interest Rate:"), 0, 0);
gridPane.add(tfAnnualInterestRate,
1, 0);
gridPane.add(new Label("Number of
Years:"), 0, 1);
gridPane.add(tfNumberOfYears, 1,
1);
72 gridPane.add(new Label("Loan 1, 4);
gridPane.add(tfTotalPayment,
Amount:"), 0, 2);
gridPane.add(btCalculate, 1, (c5))P;aulFodor and Pearson Inc.
gridPane.add(tfLoanAmount, 1, 2);
 btCalculate.setOnAction(e -> calculateLoanPayment());
Scene scene = new Scene(gridPane, 400, 250);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
private void calculateLoanPayment() {
// Get values from text fields
double interest = Double.parseDouble(tfAnnualInterestRate.getText());
int year = Integer.parseInt(tfNumberOfYears.getText());
double loanAmount = Double.parseDouble(tfLoanAmount.getText());
// Create a loan object
Loan loan = new Loan(interest, year, loanAmount);
// Display monthly payment and total payment
tfMonthlyPayment.setText(String.format("$%.2f", loan.getMonthlyPayment()));
tfTotalPayment.setText(String.format("$%.2f", loan.getTotalPayment()));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}
class Loan implements java.io.Serializable {
private double annualInterestRate;
private int numberOfYears;
private double loanAmount; private
java.util.Date loanDate;
public Loan(double
annualInterestRate, int
numberOfYears, double
loanAmount) {
this.annualInterestRate = annualInterestRate;
this.numberOfYears = numberOfYears;
this.loanAmount = loanAmount;
loanDate = new java.util.Date();
}
public double getAnnualInterestRate() {
73 return annualInterestRate;
this.annualInterestRate = ann(cu) aPlauIl nFtodeorr
} }
 public int getNumberOfYears() {
return numberOfYears;
}
public void setNumberOfYears(int numberOfYears) {
this.numberOfYears = numberOfYears;
}
public double getLoanAmount() {
return loanAmount;
}
public void setLoanAmount(double loanAmount) {
this.loanAmount = loanAmount;
}
public double getMonthlyPayment() {
double monthlyInterestRate = annualInterestRate / 1200; double
monthlyPayment = loanAmount * monthlyInterestRate / (1
- (Math.pow(1 / (1 + monthlyInterestRate), numberOfYears * 12)));
return monthlyPayment;
}
public double getTotalPayment() {
double totalPayment = getMonthlyPayment() *
numberOfYears * 12; return totalPayment;
}
public java.util.Date getLoanDate() {
return loanDate;
}
}
MouseEven
t
// Move the text with the mouse clicked
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene; import
javafx.scene.layout.Pane; import
javafx.scene.text.Text;
public class MouseEventDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
Text text = new Text(20, 20, "Programming is fun");
pane.getChildren().add(text);
text.setOnMouseDragged(e -> {
text.setX(e.getX());
text.setY(e.getY());
});
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 300, 100);
primaryStage.setTitle("MouseEventDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
76 }
}
 The KeyEvent
Class

77
 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
public class KeyEventDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
Text text = new Text(20, 20, "A");
text.setFocusTraversable(true);
pane.getChildren().add(text);
text.setOnKeyPressed(e -> {
switch (e.getCode()) {
case DOWN: text.setY(text.getY() + 10); break;
case UP: text.setY(text.getY() - 10);
break; case LEFT: text.setX(text.getX() - 10);
break; case RIGHT: text.setX(text.getX() +
10); break; default:
if
(Character.isLetterOrDigit(e.getText().charAt
(0)))
text.setText(e.getText());
}
});
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 200, 200);
primaryStage.setTitle("KeyEventDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
public static void main(String[] args) {
} launch(args);
78
}
}
The KeyCode
Constants
 Control Circle with Mouse and
import javafx.application.Application;

Key
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseButton;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class ControlCircleWithMouseAndKey extends Application {

private CirclePane circlePane = new CirclePane();

@Override // Override the start method in the Application class

public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Hold two buttons in an HBox
HBox hBox = new HBox();
hBox.setSpacing(10);
hBox.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
Button btEnlarge = new Button("Enlarge");
Button btShrink = new Button("Shrink");
hBox.getChildren().add(btEnlarge);
hBox.getChildren().add(btShrink);

// Create and register the handler

btEnlarge.setOnAction(e -> circlePane.enlarge());
btShrink.setOnAction(e -> circlePane.shrink());

BorderPane borderPane = new BorderPane();

borderPane.setCenter(circlePane);
borderPane.setBottom(hBox);
BorderPane.setAlignment(hBox, Pos.CENTER);
 // Create a scene and place it in the stage
Scene scene = new Scene(borderPane, 200, 150);
primaryStage.setTitle("ControlCircle"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage

circlePane.setOnMouseClicked(e -> {
if (e.getButton() == MouseButton.PRIMARY) {
circlePane.enlarge();
}
else if (e.getButton() == MouseButton.SECONDARY) {
circlePane.shrink();
}
});

scene.setOnKeyPressed(e -> {
if (e.getCode() == KeyCode.UP) {
circlePane.enlarge();
}
else if (e.getCode() == KeyCode.DOWN) {
circlePane.shrink();
}
});
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}
Listeners for Observable
Objects
 You can add a listener to process a value change in an observable
object: an instance of javafx.beans.Observable
 Every binding property is an instance of Observable.
Observable contains the
addListener(InvalidationListener
listener) method for adding a listener.
 Once the value is changed in the property, a listener is
notified.
 The listener class should implement the
InvalidationListener interface, which uses the
invalidated(Observable o) method to handle
the property value change.
Listeners for Observable
Objects
import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
import javafx.beans.Observable;
import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleDoubleProperty;
public class ObservablePropertyDemo {
public static void main(String[] args)
{ DoubleProperty balance = new
SimpleDoubleProperty(); balance.addListener(new
InvalidationListener() {
public void invalidated(Observable ov) {
System.out.println("The new value is " +
balance.doubleValue());
}
});
balan
ce.
set
(4.
83 5);
}
Animatio
ncore functionality for all animations:
JavaFX provides the Animation class with the

84
PathTransition

85
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import
javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.animation.PathTransition;
import javafx.animation.Timeline;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class PathTransitionDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(0, 0, 25, 50);
rectangle.setFill(Color.ORANGE);
Circle circle = new Circle(125, 100, 50);
circle.setFill(Color.WHITE);
circle.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
pane.getChildren().addAll(circle,rectangle);
// Create a path transition PathTransition
pt = new PathTransition();
pt.setDuration(Duration.millis(4000));
pt.setNode(rectangle);.
pt.setPath(circle);
 pt.setOrientation( PathTransitio
n.OrientationType.
ORTHOGONAL_TO_TANGENT);
pt.setCycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE);
pt.setAutoReverse(true);
pt.play(); // Start animation
circle.setOnMousePressed(e -> pt.pause());
circle.setOnMouseReleased(e -> pt.play());
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 250, 200);
primaryStage.setTitle("PathTransitionDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void
main(String[] args){
launch(args);
}
87
}
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene; import
javafx.scene.layout.Pane; import
javafx.scene.shape.Line;
import javafx.animation.PathTransition;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class FlagRisingAnimation extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
ImageView imageView = new ImageView("us.jpg");
pane.getChildren().add(imageView);
PathTransition pt = new PathTransition(
Duration.millis(10000),
new Line(100, 200, 100, 0),
imageView);
pt.setCycleCount(5);
pt.play(); // Start animation
Scene scene = new
88 Scene(pane, 250, 200);
primaryStage.setScene(scene); primaryStage.show();
}
 FadeTransition
The FadeTransition class animates the change
of the opacity in a node over a given time:

89
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import
javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Ellipse;
import javafx.animation.FadeTransition;
import javafx.animation.Timeline;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class FadeTransitionDemo extends
Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
Ellipse ellipse = new Ellipse(10, 10, 100, 50);
ellipse.setFill(Color.RED);
ellipse.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
ellipse.centerXProperty().bind(pane.widthProperty().divide(2));
ellipse.centerYProperty().bind(pane.heightProperty().divide(2));
ellipse.radiusXProperty().bind(pane.widthProperty().multiply(0.4));
ellipse.radiusYProperty().bind(pane.heightProperty().multiply(0.4));
pane.getChildren().add(ellipse);
// Apply a fade transition to ellipse
FadeTransition ft = new FadeTransition(Duration.millis(3000), ellipse);
ft.setFromValue(1.0);
ft.setToValue(0.1);
ft.setCycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE);
ft.setAutoReverse(true);
90
ft.play(); // Start animation
ellipse.setOnMousePressed(e -> ft.pause());
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
// Control animation
ellipse.setOnMouseReleased(e -> ft.play());
 // Create a scene and place it in the stage
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 200, 150);
primaryStage.setTitle("FadeTransitionDemo"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}
 Timelin
e
 PathTransition and FadeTransition
define specialized animations.
 The javafx.animation.Timeline class
can be used to program any animation using
one or more
javafx.animation.KeyFrames
KeyFrame defines target values at a specified point
in time for a set of variables that are interpolated along
a Timeline.
Each KeyFrame is executed sequentially at a
specified time interval.
Timeline inherits from Animation.
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.animation.Animation;
import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
import javafx.animation.Timeline;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class TimelineDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
StackPane pane = new StackPane();
Text text = new Text(20, 50, "Programming if fun");
text.setFill(Color.RED);
pane.getChildren().add(text);
// Create a handler for changing text
EventHandler<ActionEvent> eH = e ->
{ if (text.getText().length() !=
0) {
text.setText("");
} else {
text.setText("Programming is fun");
}
};
Timeline animation = new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(500), eH));
animation.setCycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE);
93
// Start animation
animation.play();
 // Pause and resume animation
text.setOnMouseClicked(e -> {
if (animation.getStatus() ==
Animation.Status.PAUSED) {
animation.play();
} else {
animation.pause();
}
});
Scene scene = new Scene(pane,
250, 50);
primaryStage.setTitle("TimelineDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

94
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.animation.KeyFrame; Clock
Animation
import
javafx.animation.Timeline;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class ClockAnimation extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
ClockPane clock = new ClockPane(); // Create a
clock
// Create a handler for animation
EventHandler<ActionEvent> eventHandler = e -> {
clock.setCurrentTime(); // Set a new clock time
};
// Create an animation for a running clock
Timeline animation = new Timeline(
new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1000), eventHandler));
animation.setCycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE);
animation.play(); // Start animation
Scene scene = new Scene(clock, 250,
250);
primaryStage.setTitle("ClockAnimation");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
 // ClockPane:
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.scene.shape.Line;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
public class ClockPane extends Pane {
private int hour;
private int minute;
private int
second;
// Clock pane's width and height
private double w = 250, h =
250; public ClockPane() {
setCurrentTime();
}
public ClockPane(int hour, int minute, int second) {
this.hour = hour;
this.minute = minute;
this.second = second;
paintClock();
}
public int getHour() {
return hour;
}
public void setHour(int hour) {
this.hour = hour;
96 } paintClock();
}
 public int getMinute() {
return minute;
}
public void setMinute(int minute) {
this.minute = minute;
paintClock();
}
public int getSecond() {
return second;
}
public void setSecond(int second) {
this.second = second;
paintClock();
}
public double getW() {
return w;
}
public void setW(double w) {
this.w = w;
paintClock();
}
public double getH() {
return h;
}
public void setH(double h) {
this.h = h;
paintClock();
}
public void setCurrentTime()
{
Calendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar();
this.hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
this.minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
this.second = calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND);
97 paintClock(); // Repaint the clock
}
 private void paintClock() {
// Initialize clock parameters
double clockRadius = Math.min(w, h) * 0.8 * 0.5;
double centerX = w / 2;
double centerY = h / 2;
// Draw circle
Circle circle = new Circle(centerX, centerY, clockRadius);
circle.setFill(Color.WHITE);
circle.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
Text t1 = new Text(centerX - 5, centerY - clockRadius + 12, "12");
Text t2 = new Text(centerX - clockRadius + 3, centerY + 5, "9");
Text t3 = new Text(centerX + clockRadius - 10, centerY + 3, "3");
Text t4 = new Text(centerX - 3, centerY + clockRadius - 3, "6");
// Draw second hand
double sLength = clockRadius * 0.8;
double secondX = centerX + sLength * Math.sin(second * (2 * Math.PI / 60));
double secondY = centerY - sLength * Math.cos(second * (2 * Math.PI /
60)); Line sLine = new Line(centerX, centerY, secondX, secondY);
sLine.setStroke(Color.RED);
// Draw minute hand
double mLength = clockRadius * 0.65;
double xMinute = centerX + mLength * Math.sin(minute * (2 * Math.PI / 60));
double minuteY = centerY - mLength * Math.cos(minute * (2 * Math.PI /
60)); Line mLine = new Line(centerX, centerY, xMinute, minuteY);
mLine.setStroke(Color.BLUE);
// Draw hour hand
double hLength = clockRadius * 0.5;
double hourX = centerX + hLength * Math.sin((hour % 12 + minute / 60.0) * (2 * Math.PI / 12));
double hourY = centerY - hLength * Math.cos((hour % 12 + minute / 60.0) * (2 * Math.PI / 12));
Line hLine = new Line(centerX, centerY, hourX, hourY);
hLine.setStroke(Color.GREEN);
getChildren().clear();
getChildren().addAll(circle,
t1, t2, t3, t4, sLine, mLine,
hLine);
}
}98
 Bouncing
Ball

99
 import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
import
javafx.animation.Timeline;
import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class BallPane extends Pane
{ public final double radius = 20;
private double x = radius, y = radius;
private double dx = 1, dy = 1;
private Circle circle = new Circle(x, y, radius);
private Timeline animation;
public BallPane() {
circle.setFill(Color.GREEN); // Set ball color
getChildren().add(circle); // Place a ball into this pane
// Create an animation for moving the ball
animation = new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(50), e -> moveBall()));
animation.setCycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE);
animation.play(); // Start animation
}
public void play() {
animation.play();
}
public void pause() {
animation.pause();
}
public void increaseSpeed()
{ animation.setRate(animation.getRate() +
0.1);
}
public void decreaseSpeed() {
animation.setRate(
100 animation.getRate() >
0 ?
 public DoubleProperty rateProperty() {
return animation.rateProperty();
}

protected void moveBall() {

// Check boundaries
if (x < radius || x > getWidth() - radius) {
dx *= -1; // Change ball move direction
}
if (y < radius || y > getHeight() - radius) {
dy *= -1; // Change ball move direction
}

// Adjust ball position x

+= dx;
y += dy;
circle.setCenterX(x);

circle.setCenterY(y);
}
}

101
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode;
public class BounceBallControl extends
Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage
primaryStage) {
BallPane ballPane = new
BallPane(); // Create a ball
pane
// Pause and resume animation
ballPane.setOnMousePressed(e -> ballPane.pause());
ballPane.setOnMouseReleased(e ->
ballPane.play());
// Increase and decrease animation
ballPane.setOnKeyPressed(e -> {
if (e.getCode() == KeyCode.UP) {
ballPane.increaseSpeed();
} else if (e.getCode() == KeyCode.DOWN) {
ballPane.decreaseSpeed();
}
});
Scene scene = new Scene(ballPane, 250, 150);
primaryStage.setTitle("BounceBallControl");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
// Must request focus after the primary stage is displayed
ballPane.requestFocus();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
102
}
}
 JavaFX support for mobile
devices
 JavaFX has event programming support for mobile devices:
javafx.scene.input.SwipeEvent,

javafx.scene.input.TouchEvent,
javafx.scene.input.ZoomEvent.

 Example:
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/javafx/ev

ents-tutorial/gestureeventsjava.htm

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/javafx/ev
103
 Control
Nodes
Input control nodes:

104
 Labeled
class
A label is a display area for a short text, a node, or
both
 It is often used to label other controls (usually text fields)
 Labels and buttons share many common properties:
these common
properties are defined in the Labeled class

105
 Label
class

106
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.ContentDisplay;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
import javafx.scene.shape.Ellipse;
public class LabelWithGraphic
extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage
primaryStage) {
ImageView us = new ImageView(new Image("us.jpg"));
Label lb1 = new Label("US\n50 States", us);
lb1.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green; -fx-border-width: 2");
lb1.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.BOTTOM);
lb1.setTextFill(Color.RED);
Label lb2 = new Label("Circle", new Circle(50, 50, 25));
lb2.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.TOP);
lb2.setTextFill(Color.ORANGE);
Label lb3 = new Label("Retangle", new Rectangle(10, 10,
50, 25));
107 lb3.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.RIGHT);
Label lb4 = new Label("Ellipse", new Ellipse(50, 50, 50, 25));
 Ellipse ellipse = new Ellipse(50, 50, 50, 25);
ellipse.setStroke(Color.GREEN);
ellipse.setFill(Color.WHITE);
StackPane stackPane = new StackPane();
stackPane.getChildren().addAll(ellipse, new Label("JavaFX"));
Label lb5 = new Label("A pane inside a label", stackPane);
lb5.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.BOTTOM);

HBox pane = new HBox(20);

pane.getChildren().addAll(lb1, lb2, lb3, lb4, lb5);

Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 700, 150);

primaryStage.setTitle("LabelWithGraphic");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

108
 ButtonBase and
Button
 A button is a control that triggers an action event when clicked.
 JavaFX provides regular buttons, toggle buttons, check box
buttons, and radio buttons.
 The common features of these buttons are defined in
ButtonBase and Labeled classes.

109
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;

public class ButtonDemo extends Application {

@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Scene scene = new Scene(getPane(), 450, 200);
primaryStage.setTitle("ButtonDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
protected Text text = new Text(50, 50, "JavaFX
Programming");
protected BorderPane getPane() {
HBox paneForButtons = new HBox(20);
Button btLeft = new Button("Left", new ImageView("image/left.gif"));
Button btRight = new Button("Right", new ImageView("image/right.gif"));
paneForButtons.getChildren().addAll(btLeft, btRight);
paneForButtons.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
paneForButtons.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green");
BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
110 pane.setBottom(paneForButtons);
 Pane paneForText = new Pane();
paneForText.getChildren().add(text);
pane.setCenter(paneForText);

btLeft.setOnAction(e -> text.setX(text.getX() - 10));

btRight.setOnAction(e -> text.setX(text.getX() + 10));

return pane;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

111
 CheckBo
 A CheckBox is used for the user to make a selection (square box).
 x inherits all the properties from ButtonBase and
CheckBox
Labeled: onAction, text, graphic, alignment, graphicTextGap,
textFill, contentDisplay.

112
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.control.CheckBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.scene.text.FontPosture;
import javafx.scene.text.FontWeight;

public class CheckBoxDemo extends

ButtonDemo {
@Override // Override the getPane() method in the super class
protected BorderPane getPane() {
BorderPane pane = super.getPane();

Font fontBoldItalic = Font.font("Times New Roman",

FontWeight.BOLD, FontPosture.ITALIC, 20);
Font fontBold = Font.font("Times New Roman",
FontWeight.BOLD, FontPosture.REGULAR, 20);
Font fontItalic = Font.font("Times New Roman",
FontWeight.NORMAL, FontPosture.ITALIC, 20);
Font fontNormal = Font.font("Times New Roman",
FontWeight.NORMAL, FontPosture.REGULAR, 20);

text.setFont(fontNormal);

VBox paneForCheckBoxes = new VBox(20);

paneForCheckBoxes.setPadding(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
113
paneForCheckBoxes.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green");
 CheckBox chkBold = new CheckBox("Bold");
CheckBox chkItalic = new CheckBox("Italic");
paneForCheckBoxes.getChildren().addAll(chkBold, chkItalic);
pane.setRight(paneForCheckBoxes);

EventHandler<ActionEvent> handler = e -> {

if (chkBold.isSelected() && chkItalic.isSelected())
{ text.setFont(fontBoldItalic); // Both check boxes
checked
} else if (chkBold.isSelected())
{ text.setFont(fontBold); // The Bold check box
checked
} else if (chkItalic.isSelected())
{ text.setFont(fontItalic); // The Italic check box
checked
} else {
text.setFont(fontNormal); // Both check boxes unchecked
}
};

chkBold.setOnAction(handler);
chkItalic.setOnAction(handler);

return pane; // Return a new pane

}

// the start method is inherited from the superclass ButtonDemo

public static void main(String[] args) {

114 launch(args);
}
 RadioButto
Radio buttons allow to choose a single item from a group of
n

choices.
Radio buttons display a circle that is either filled (if selected) or blank
(if not selected).

115
import static javafx.application.Application.launch;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.control.RadioButton;
import
javafx.scene.control.ToggleGroup;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;

public class RadioButtonDemo extends

CheckBoxDemo {
@Override // Override the getPane() method in the super class
protected BorderPane getPane() {
BorderPane pane = super.getPane();
VBox paneForRadioButtons = new VBox(20);
paneForRadioButtons.setPadding(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
paneForRadioButtons.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green");
RadioButton rbRed = new RadioButton("Red");
RadioButton rbGreen = new RadioButton("Green");
RadioButton rbBlue = new RadioButton("Blue");
paneForRadioButtons.getChildren().addAll(rbRed, rbGreen, rbBlue);
pane.setLeft(paneForRadioButtons);
ToggleGroup group = new ToggleGroup();
rbRed.setToggleGroup(group);
rbGreen.setToggleGroup(group);
rbBlue.setToggleGroup(group);

rbRed.setOnAction(e -> {
}
if (rbRed.isSelected()) {
116 }); text.setFill(Color.RED);
 rbGreen.setOnAction(e -> {
if (rbGreen.isSelected())
{ text.setFill(Color.GREE
N);
}
});

rbBlue.setOnAction(e -> {
if (rbBlue.isSelected())
{ text.setFill(Color.BLU
E);
}
});

return pane;
}

// the start method is inherited from the superclass ButtonDemo

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

117
 TextField
 A text field can be used to enter or display a
string.TextField is a subclass of TextInputControl.

118
import static javafx.application.Application.launch;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import
javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
public class TextFieldDemo extends RadioButtonDemo{
@Override
protected BorderPane getPane()
{ BorderPane pane =
super.getPane();

BorderPane paneForTextField = new BorderPane();

paneForTextField.setPadding(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
paneForTextField.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green");
paneForTextField.setLeft(new Label("Enter a new message: "));

TextField tf = new TextField();

tf.setAlignment(Pos.BOTTOM_RIGHT);
paneForTextField.setCenter(tf);
pane.setTop(paneForTextField);

tf.setOnAction(e -> text.setText(tf.getText()));

return pane;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
 TextArea
 A TextArea enables the user to enter multiple lines of
text.

120
 ComboBox
 A combo box, also known as a choice list or drop-down list,
contains a list of items from which the user can choose.

121
 ListVie
wsame
 A list view is a component that performs basically the
function as a combo box, but it enables the user to
choose a single value or multiple values.

122
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.ListView;
import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
import javafx.scene.control.SelectionMode;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.FlowPane;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;

public class ListViewDemo extends

Application {
// Declare an array of Strings for flag
titles
private String[] flagTitles = {"United
States of America", "Canada", "China",
"Denmark", "France", "Germany",
"India"};
// Declare an ImageView array for the national flags
private ImageView[] ImageViews = {
new ImageView("image/us.gif"),
new ImageView("image/ca.gif"),
new ImageView("image/china.gif"),
new
ImageView("image/denmark.gif"),
new ImageView("image/fr.gif"),
new ImageView("image/germany.gif"),
new ImageView("image/india.gif")
1 23};lv.setPrefSize(400, 400); (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
@Override
 lv.getSelectionModel().setSelectionMode(SelectionMode.MULTIPLE);

// Create a pane to hold image views

FlowPane imagePane = new FlowPane(10, 10);
BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
pane.setLeft(new ScrollPane(lv));
pane.setCenter(imagePane);

lv.getSelectionModel().selectedItemProperty().addListener(
ov -> {
imagePane.getChildren().clear();
for (Integer i: lv.getSelectionModel().getSelectedIndices()) {
imagePane.getChildren().add(ImageViews[i]);
}
});

Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 450, 170);

primaryStage.setTitle("ListViewDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

124
 ScrollBar
 A scroll bar is a control that
enables the user to select from a
range of values.The scrollbar
appears in two styles: horizontal
and vertical.

125
 Slide
Slider is similar to ScrollBar, but Slider
hasrmore properties and can appear


in many forms.

126
 Media
 The Media class is used to obtain the source of a media
type.
 The MediaPlayer class is used to play and control the
media.
 The MediaView class is used to display video.

127
 MediaPlayer
 The MediaPlayer class plays and controls media with
properties: autoPlay, currentCount, cycleCount, mute,
volume, and totalDuration.

128
 MediaView
 The MediaView class is a subclass of Node that provides a view of
the Media being played by a MediaPlayer.
 The MediaView class provides the properties for viewing the
media.

129
 Example: Using Media
 This example displays a video in a view: use the play/pause
button to play or pause the video and use the rewind button to
restart the video, and use the slider to control the volume of the
audio.

130
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.Slider;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.Region;
import javafx.scene.media.Media;
import javafx.scene.media.MediaPlayer;
import javafx.scene.media.MediaView;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class MediaDemo extends
Application {
private static final String MEDIA_URL = "sample.mp4";
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Media media = new
Media(MEDIA_URL);
MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(media);
MediaView mediaView = new MediaView(mediaPlayer);
Button playButton = new Button(">");
playButton.setOnAction(e -> {
if (playButton.getText().equals(">")) {
mediaPlayer.play();
playButton.setText("||");
} else {
131 mediaPlayer.pause();
} (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
}); playButton.setText(">");
 Button rewindButton = new Button("<<");
rewindButton.setOnAction(e -> mediaPlayer.seek(Duration.ZERO));
Slider slVolume = new Slider();
slVolume.setPrefWidth(150);
slVolume.setMaxWidth(Region.USE_PREF_SIZE);
slVolume.setMinWidth(30);
slVolume.setValue(50);
mediaPlayer.volumeProperty().bind(slVolume.valueProperty().divide(100));
HBox hBox = new HBox(10);
hBox.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
hBox.getChildren().addAll(playButton, rewindButton,
new Label("Volume"), slVolume);
BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
pane.setCenter(mediaView);
pane.setBottom(hBox);

Scene scene = new Scene(pane,

650, 500);
primaryStage.setTitle("MediaDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

132
 CSS
 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a language used for describing the look
and formatting of a document.
 CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document
content from document presentation (layout, colors, and fonts).
It is used to style web pages and user interfaces written in HTML, XHTML, and
any kind of XML document.
 The CSS language specifications are Web standards maintained by
the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
 CSS rule set example:

133
 JavaFX
CSS
 JavaFX Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is based on the W3C CSS
and allows to customize and develop themes for JavaFX controls
and scene graph objects
 http://docs.oracle.com/javafx/2/api/javafx/scene/doc-files/cssref.html
 JavaFX uses the prefix "-fx-" to define its vendor CSS
properties (separate from W3C CSS).
 A style sheet uses the style class or style id to define styles.
 Mutiple style classes can be applied to a single node and a style id to
a unique node.
 The syntax .styleclass defines a style class.
 The syntax #styleid defines a style id.

134
 Style Class and Style
ID
 mystyle.css:
.plaincircle {
-fx-fill: white;
-fx-stroke: black;
}
.circleborder {
-fx-stroke-width: 5;
-fx-stroke-dash-array: 12 2 4 2;
}
.border {
-fx-border-color: black;
-fx-border-width: 5;
}
#redcircle {
-fx-fill: red;
-fx-stroke: red;
}
#greencircle {
-fx-fill: green;
-fx-stroke: green;
}
135
 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import
javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import
javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
public class StyleSheetDemo
extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
HBox hBox = new HBox(5);
Scene scene = new Scene(hBox, 300,
250);
// Load the stylesheet
scene.getStylesheets().add("mystyle.css");
Pane pane1 = new Pane();
Circle circle1 = new Circle(50, 50, 30);
Circle circle2 = new Circle(150, 50, 30);
Circle circle3 = new Circle(100, 100, 30);
pane1.getChildren().addAll(circle1, circle2, circle3);
pane1.getStyleClass().add("border");
circle1.getStyleClass().add("plaincircle"); // Add a style class
circle2.getStyleClass().add("plaincircle"); // Add a style
136 class circle3.setId("redcircle"); // Add a style id
Pane pane2 = new Pane();
 circle4.getStyleClass().addAll("circleborder", "plainCircle");
circle4.setId("greencircle"); // Add a style class
pane2.getChildren().add(circle4);
pane2.getStyleClass().add("border");

hBox.getChildren().addAll(pane1, pane2);

primaryStage.setTitle("StyleSheetDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}

// Lauch the program from command-line

public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}

137
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 QuadCurve
 A quadratic curve is mathematically defined as a quadratic
polynomial.
QuadCurve(double startX, double startY,
double controlX, double controlY, double
endX, double endY)

(controlX, controlY)

(endX, endY)
(startX, startY)

138
 QuadCurve
The getter and setter methods for property values and a getter for
javafx.scene.shape.QuadCurve property itself are provided in the class, but omitted in the UML diagram for
brevity.
-startX: DoubleProperty
-startY: DoubleProperty The x-coordinate of the start point (default 0).
-endX: DoubleProperty The y-coordinate of the start point (default 0)..
-endY: DoubleProperty The x-coordinate of the end point (default 0)..
-controlX: DoubleProperty The y-coordinate of the end point (default 0)..
-controlY: DoubleProperty The x-coordinate of the control point (default 0)..
+QuadCurve() The y-coordinate of the control point (default 0)..
+QuadCurve(startX: double, Creates an empty quad curve.
startY: double, controlX: Creates a quad curve with the specified
double, controlY: double,
arguments.
endX: double, endY: double)

139
 Menus
 Menus make selection easier and are widely used in window
applications.
JavaFX provides five classes that implement menus: MenuBar,
Menu, MenuItem, CheckMenuItem, and
RadioButtonMenuItem.
 MenuBar is a top-level menu component used to hold the
menus.
A menu consists of menu items that the user can select (or
toggle on or off).
A menu item can be an instance of MenuItem,
CheckMenuItem, or RadioButtonMenuItem.
Menu items can be associated with nodes and
140 keyboard
accelerators.
 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.Menu;
import javafx.scene.control.MenuBar;
import javafx.scene.control.MenuItem;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyCombination;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;

public class MenuDemo extends Application

{ private TextField tfNumber1 = new
TextField(); private TextField tfNumber2 =
141 new TextField(); private TextField tfResult =
new TextField();
 @Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
MenuBar menuBar = new MenuBar();

Menu menuOperation = new

Menu("Operation");
Menu menuExit = new Menu("Exit");
menuBar.getMenus().addAll(menuOperation, menuExit);

MenuItem menuItemAdd = new MenuItem("Add");

MenuItem menuItemSubtract = new MenuItem("Subtract");
MenuItem menuItemMultiply = new MenuItem("Multiply");
MenuItem menuItemDivide = new MenuItem("Divide");
menuOperation.getItems().addAll(menuItemAdd, menuItemSubtract,
menuItemMultiply, menuItemDivide);

MenuItem menuItemClose = new MenuItem("Close");

menuExit.getItems().add(menuItemClose);
menuItemAdd.setAccelerator( KeyCombination
.keyCombination("Ctrl+A"));
menuItemSubtract.setAccelerator( KeyCombin
ation.keyCombination("Ctrl+S"));
menuItemMultiply.setAccelerator( KeyCombin
ation.keyCombination("Ctrl+M"));
menuItemDivide.setAccelerator( KeyCombinat
ion.keyCombination("Ctrl+D"));
HBox hBox1 = new HBox(5);
tfNumber1.setPrefColumnCount(2);

142 tfNumber2.setPrefColumnCount(2);
tfResult.setPrefColumnCount(2);
 hBox1.getChildren().addAll(new Label("Number 1:"), tfNumber1,
new Label("Number 2:"), tfNumber2, new Label("Result:"),
tfResult);
hBox1.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);

HBox hBox2 = new HBox(5);

Button btAdd = new Button("Add");
Button btSubtract = new Button("Subtract");
Button btMultiply = new
Button("Multiply"); Button btDivide = new
Button("Divide");
hBox2.getChildren().addAll(btAdd,
btSubtract, btMultiply, btDivide);
VBox vBox = new VBox(10);
hBox2.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
vBox.getChildren().addAll(menuBar, hBox1, hBox2);
Scene scene = new Scene(vBox, 300, 250);
primaryStage.setTitle("MenuDemo"); // Set the window title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the window
primaryStage.show(); // Display the window
// Handle menu actions
menuItemAdd.setOnAction(e -> perform('+'));
menuItemSubtract.setOnAction(e -> perform('-'));
menuItemMultiply.setOnAction(e ->
perform('*')); menuItemDivide.setOnAction(e ->
perform('/')); menuItemClose.setOnAction(e ->
System.exit(0));
// Handle button actions
btAdd.setOnAction(e -> perform('+'));
btSubtract.setOnAction(e -> perform('-'));
143 btMultiply.setOnAction(e ->
} perform('*')); btDivide.setOnAction(e ->
 private void perform(char operator) {
double number1 = Double.parseDouble(tfNumber1.getText());
double number2 =
Double.parseDouble(tfNumber2.getText());

double result = 0;
case
switch '+': result{ =
(operator) number1 + number2; break;
case '-': result = number1 - number2; break;
case '*': result = number1 * number2; break;
case '/': result = number1 / number2; break;
}

tfResult.setText(result + "");
};

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

144
 Context
Menu
 A context menu (also known as a popup menu) is like a
regular menu, but does not have a menu bar and can
float anywhere on the screen.
Creating a context menu is similar to creating a regular
menu.
First, create an instance of ContextMenu, then add MenuItem,
CheckMenuItem, and RadioMenuItem to the context menu.

145
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.control.ContextMenu;
import javafx.scene.control.MenuItem;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
public class ContextMenuDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage)
{ ContextMenu contextMenu = new
ContextMenu(); MenuItem menuItemNew = new
MenuItem("New",
new ImageView("image/new.gif"));
MenuItem menuItemOpen = new MenuItem("Open",
new ImageView("image/open.gif"));
MenuItem menuItemPrint = new MenuItem("Print",
new ImageView("image/print.gif"));
MenuItem menuItemExit = new MenuItem("Exit");
contextMenu.getItems().addAll(menuItemNew, menuItemOpen,
menuItemPrint, menuItemExit);
Pane pane = new Pane();
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 300, 250);
primaryStage.setTitle("ContextMenuDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
146 primaryStage.show();
 pane.setOnMousePressed(
e -> contextMenu.show(pane, e.getScreenX(), e.getScreenY()));

menuItemNew.setOnAction(e -> System.out.println("New"));

menuItemOpen.setOnAction(e -> System.out.println("Open"));
menuItemPrint.setOnAction(e -> System.out.println("Print"));
menuItemExit.setOnAction(e -> System.exit(0));
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

147
 SplitPane
 The SplitPane class can be used to display multiple panes
and allow the user to adjust the size of the panes.

148
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 TabPan
eThe TabPane class can be used to display multiple panes

with tabs.

149
 TabPan
e
javafx.scene.control.Control The getter and setter methods for property values
and a getter for property itself are provided in the class,
but omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.
javafx.scene.control.TabPane

-side: ObjectProperty<Side> The position of the tab in the tab pane. Possible values are:
Side.TOP, Side.BOTTOM, Side.LEFT, and Side.RIGHT (default:
Side.TOP).
Creates a default tab pane.
+TabPane()
+getTabs(): ObservableList<Tab> Returns a list of tabs in this tab pane.

java.lang.Object The getter and setter methods for property values

and a getter for property itself are provided in the class,
but omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.
javafx.scene.control.Tab

-content: ObjectProperty<Node> The content associated with the tab.

-contextMenu: The context menu associated with the tab.
ObjectProperty<ContextMenu>
-graphics: ObjectProperty<Node> The graphics in the tab.
-id: StringProperty The id for the tab.
-text: StringProperty The text shown in the
-tooltip: StringProperty tab.
The tooltip associated
+Tab() with the tab.
+Tab(text: String)
150
 TableVie
wYou can display tables using the TableView

class.

javafx.scene.control.Control The getter and setter methods for property values

and a getter for property itself are provided in the class,
but omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.
javafx.scene.control.TableView<S>
-editable: BooleanProperty Specifies whether this TableView is editable. For a cell to be
editable, TableView, TableColumn, and TableCell for the cell
should all be true.
-items: The data model for the TableViee.
ObjectProperty<ObservableList<S>>
-placeholder: ObjectProperty<Node>
This Node is shown when table has no contents.
-selectionModel: ObjectProperty<
Specifies single or multiple selections.
TableViewSelectionModel<S>>

+TableView() Creates a default TableView with no content.

151 +TableView(items: ObservableList<S>)
(c) Paul Fodor and
Creates Pearson
a default Inc. with the specified content.
TableView
 The TableColumn
Class java.lang.Object The getter and setter methods for property values
and a getter for property itself are provided in the class,
but omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.
javafx.scene.control.TableColumn<S, T>

-editable: BooleanProperty Specifies whether this TableColumn allows editing.

-cellValueFactory: The cell value factory to specify how to populate all cells within a
single column.
ObjectProperty<Callback<TableColumn.
CellDataFeatures<S,T>,ObservableValue
<T>>>
-graphic: ObjectProperty<Node> The graphic for this TableColumn.
-id: StringProperty The id for this TableColumn.
-resizable: BooleanProperty Indicates whether the column is
-sortable: BooleanProperty resizable.

-text: StringProperty Indicates whether the column is sortable.

-style: StringProperty Text in the table column header.
-visible: BooleanProperty Specify the CSS style for the column.
Specify whether the column is visible (default: true).
+TableColumn()
+TableColumn(text: String) Creates a default TableColumn.
Creates a TableView with the specified header text.

152
 FXML
 FXML is a declarative XML-based language created by
Oracle Corporation for defining the user interface of
a JavaFX 2.0 application.
It can be edited and created using the JavaFX
Scene Builder 2 (downloaded separately from
J2SE)
Create a new JavaFX project in Netbeans and you
will get 3 files: an FXML file with the UI design, a
main application .java file that loads the FXML and
a controller for the event handlers for the UI
153 Nodes.
FXML
document:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?import java.lang.*?>
<?import java.util.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.*?>
<AnchorPane id="AnchorPane" prefHeight="200" prefWidth="200"
xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8"
fx:controller="javafxapplication1.FXMLDocumentController">
<children>
<FlowPane prefHeight="200.0" prefWidth="200.0">
<children>
<Label fx:id="label" minHeight="16" minWidth="69"
text="Welcome to FXML" />
</children>
</FlowPane>
</children>
</AnchorPane>
154
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Parent;
public class JavaFXApplication5 extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage stage) throws Exception {
Parent root = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource("FXMLDocument.fxml"));
Scene scene = new Scene(root);
stage.setScene(scene);
stage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}

import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.fxml.Initializable;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
public class FXMLDocumentController implements Initializable {
@FXML
private Label label;
@Override
public void
initialize(URL url,
1}5 ResourceBundle rb) {
}
 HTML in
JavaFX
 HTML intro.: the Internet Web pages
format
 Example: html_sample_01.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> ← This is the HTML tag. Every HTML page has one
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1> ← This is a heading

← This is a paragraph
<p>My first paragraph.</p>

<span style="background-color:red; color:blue" >NOW?</span>

</body>
</html>

156
 HTML
 HTML is a language for describing web pages.
 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
 HTML is a markup language
 A markup language is a set of markup tags
 The tags describe document content
 HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
 HTML documents are also called web pages

157
 HTML
 HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
 HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle
brackets like <html>
 HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
 The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag
is the end tag
 The end tag is written like the start tag, with a
forward slash before the tag name
 Start and end tags are also called opening tags and
closing tags
<tagname>content</tagname>
158 <p>This is a
paragraph.</p>
 HTML by
Examples
 http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_examples.asp
 HTML links:
 <a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a
link</a>
 It appears as:This is a link
 HTML images:
 <img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142">
 It appears as:

159
 JavaFX with
 You can put HTML code in JavaFX:

HTML
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.web.WebEngine;
import javafx.scene.web.WebView;
public class HTMLDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage)
{ WebView browser = new WebView();
WebEngine webEngine = browser.getEngine();
webEngine.loadContent("<html><b><u>T</u>wo</b><br>lines</html>");
StackPane root = new StackPane();
root.getChildren().add(browser);
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 100, 150); import org.w3c.dom.Document;
primaryStage.setTitle("Hello World!"); // ... get the document of the engine
primaryStage.setScene(scene); Document doc = webEngine.getDocument();
primaryStage.show(); // and the elements
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
}
... Element el =
public static void main(String[] args) { doc.getElementById("id1");
launch(args);
}
}16
0
 JavaFX with
 You can get the Document only when the asynchronized WebEngine had

HTML
finished loading the page. That is,
Document doc = webEngine.getDocument();
may be null if the page is not loaded yet.

 Solution: listen to the state of the WebEngine object to know when it is done
loading:
engine.getLoadWorker().stateProperty().addListener(
(ObservableValue<? extends State> observable,
State oldValue, State newValue)
-> {
if (newValue == State.SUCCEEDED)
docManager.setStatsDoc(engine.getDocument());
});

161
 javafx.scene.canvas.Canvas
 javafx.scene.canvas.Canvas is an image that can be drawn on using a
set of graphics commands provided by a GraphicsContext.
 javafx.scene.canvas.GraphicsContext issues draw calls to
a Canvas using a buffer:
each call pushes the necessary parameters onto the buffer where they
will be later rendered onto the image of the Canvas node by the
rendering thread at the end of a pulse.
Canvas canvas = new Canvas(250,250);
GraphicsContext gc =
canvas.getGraphicsContext2D();
gc.fillRect(75,75,100,100);

162
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.canvas.Canvas;
import javafx.scene.canvas.GraphicsContext;
import javafx.geometry.Point2D;
import javafx.geometry.Rectangle2D;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.stage.Screen;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class CanvasDemo extends Application {
Stage primaryStage;
Scene scene;
Canvas canvas;
GraphicsContext
gc;
Image logo1Image,
logo2Image;
ArrayList<Point2D> logo1Locations, logo2Locations;
@Override
public void start(Stage initPrimaryStage) {
primaryStage = initPrimaryStage;
initStage();
163 initData();
} initGUI();
 public void initStage() {
Screen screen = Screen.getPrimary();
Rectangle2D bounds = screen.getVisualBounds();
primaryStage.setX(bounds.getMinX());
primaryStage.setY(bounds.getMinY());
primaryStage.setWidth(bounds.getWidth());
primaryStage.setHeight(bounds.getHeight());
}
public void initData()
{ logo1Locations = new
ArrayList(); logo2Locations = new
ArrayList();
logo1Image = new
Image("file:images/logo1.png");
logo2Image = new
Image("file:images/logo2.png");
}
public void initGUI()
{ canvas = new
Canvas();
gc =
canvas.getGraphicsContext2
D(); // is graphics
destination: monitor
Group root = new Group();
root.getChildren().add(canvas);
scene = new Scene(root);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
 public void initHandlers() {
canvas.setOnMouseClicked(mouseEvent -> {
Point2D point = new Point2D(mouseEvent.getX(), mouseEvent.getY());
if (!logo1Locations.contains(point)) {
logo1Locations.add(point);
}
draw();
});
canvas.setOnMouseDragged(mouseEvent -> {
Point2D point = new Point2D(mouseEvent.getX(), mouseEvent.getY());
if (!logo2Locations.contains(point)) {
logo2Locations.add(point);
}
draw();
});
}
public void draw() {
Iterator<Point2D> it = logo1Locations.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
Point2D p = it.next();
gc.drawImage(logo1Image, p.getX(), p.getY());
}
it = logo2Locations.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
Point2D p = it.next();
gc.drawImage(logo2Image,
p.getX(), p.getY());
}
}
165
public static void main(String[]
launch();
args) {
}}
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.geometry.Rectangle2D;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.canvas.Canvas;
import
javafx.scene.canvas.GraphicsContext
;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.stage.Screen;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class PentaApp extends
Application {
private Stage primaryStage;
private Scene scene;
private Canvas canvas;
private GraphicsContext gc;
private ArrayList<double[]> xPoints;
private
@Override ArrayList<double[]>
yPoints;
public void private ArrayList<Color>
start(Stage initPrimaryStage) {
colors;
primaryStage = initPrimaryStage;
initStage();
initData();
initGUI();
166 initHandlers();
}
 public void initStage() {
primaryStage.setTitle("Penta App");
Screen screen = Screen.getPrimary(); // is graphics destination: monitor
Rectangle2D bounds = screen.getVisualBounds();
primaryStage.setX(bounds.getMinX());
primaryStage.setY(bounds.getMinY());
primaryStage.setWidth(bounds.getWidth());
primaryStage.setHeight(bounds.getHeight());
}
public void initData()
{ xPoints = new
ArrayList(); yPoints =
new ArrayList(); colors =
new ArrayList();
}
public void initGUI()
{ canvas = new
Canvas();
gc = canvas.getGraphicsContext2D();
Group root = new Group();
root.getChildren().add(canvas);
scene = new Scene(root);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
canvas.setWidth(scene.getWidth());
canvas.setHeight(scene.getHeight());
}
public void initHandlers()
{ canvas.setOnMouseClicked(mouseEvent
167 -> {
if (mouseEvent.getClickCount() == 2) {
 colors.clear();
gc.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.getWidth(), canvas.getHeight());
}
});
canvas.setOnMouseDragged(mouseEvent -> {
double x = mouseEvent.getX();
double y = mouseEvent.getY();
double[] xs = new double[5];
double[] ys = new double[5];
// CENTER
xs[0] = x;
ys[0] = y - (int) (Math.random()
* 20) - 1;
// TOP-RIGHT POINT
xs[1] = x + (int) (Math.random()
* 15) + 1;
ys[1] = y - (int) (Math.random()
* 10) - 1;
// BOTTOM-RIGHT POINT
xs[2] = x + (int) (Math.random() * 10) + 1;
ys[2] = y + (int) (Math.random() * 15) + 1;
// BOTTOM-LEFT POINT
xs[3] = x - (int) (Math.random() * 10) - 1;
ys[3] = y + (int) (Math.random() * 15) + 1;
// TOP-LEFT POINT
xs[4] = x - (int) (Math.random() * 15) - 1;
ys[4] = y - (int) (Math.random() * 10) - 1;
xPoints.add(xs);
yPoints.add(ys);
int r = (int) (Math.random() * 256);
int g = (int) (Math.random() * 256);
168 int b = (int) (Math.random() *
} 256); colors.add(Color.rgb(r, g,
b)); PentaApp.this.draw();
 public void draw() {
for (int i = 0; i < xPoints.size(); i++)
{ double[] xVertices = xPoints.get(i);
double[] yVertices = yPoints.get(i); for (int
j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
xVertices[j] += (int) (Math.random() * 9) - 4;
yVertices[j] += (int) (Math.random() * 9) - 4;
}
Color color = colors.get(i);
gc.setFill(color);
gc.fillPolygon(xVertices, yVertices, 5);
gc.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
gc.strokePolygon(xVertices, yVertices, 5);
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}

169