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Lesson 1

This document outlines objectives and concepts related to random variables and probability distributions. It defines key terms like sample space, events, discrete and continuous random variables. It provides examples to illustrate these concepts such as tossing coins and dice. The document also includes activities to practice distinguishing between discrete and continuous random variables and constructing probability distributions for random variables based on sample spaces.

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dolly kate cagadas
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437 views27 pages

Lesson 1

This document outlines objectives and concepts related to random variables and probability distributions. It defines key terms like sample space, events, discrete and continuous random variables. It provides examples to illustrate these concepts such as tossing coins and dice. The document also includes activities to practice distinguishing between discrete and continuous random variables and constructing probability distributions for random variables based on sample spaces.

Uploaded by

dolly kate cagadas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objectives

1.Illustrate a random variable (discrete and


continuous)
2.Distinguishes between a discrete and continuous
random variable
3.Finds the possible values of a random variable
4.Illustrates a probability distribution for a random
variable and its properties
5.Compute the probabilities corresponding to a given
random variable
Review
Sample Space - a set whose elements describe the outcomes of the
experiment of interest

Example:
Tossing a coin
head tail
Sample Space = { head, tail}
= {H, T}
Review
Example: 6 sides with different
numbers of dots on all
Tossing a die sides

Sample Space = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 1 dot


2 dots
3 dots
4 dots
5 dots
6 dots
Review
Events - subset of a sample space
Example:
Getting a head when tossing two coins
Sample Space Tossing two coins
S = {head-head, head - tail, tail - head, tail-tail}
= { HH, HT, TH, TT}
Events Getting a head

A = {head-head, head - tail, tail - head}


= { HH, HT, TH}
Review
Example:
Getting an even number when tossing a die
Sample Space Tossing a die
S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
Events Getting an even number

A = { 2, 4, 6 }
Activity 1
A. Distinguish which among the random variables are discrete or
continuous.
1. The number of voters favoring a candidate.
2. The number of accidents per year at an intersection.
3. The amount of paint utilized in a building project.
4. The number of siblings in a family of a city.
5. The amount of sugar in a cup of coffee
6. The average distance that a runner can reach in an hour
7. The time needed to finish the test
8. The number of baskets of apples harvested
9. The weight of student-athletes
10. The length of fence around each housing unit
Activity 1
A. Distinguish which among the random variables are
discrete or continuous.
1. The number of voters favoring a candidate.
2. The number of accidents per year at an intersection.
3. The amount of paint utilized in a building project.
4. The number of siblings in a family of a city.
5. The amount of sugar in a cup of coffee
6. The average distance that a runner can reach in an hour
7. The time needed to finish the test
8. The number of baskets of apples harvested
9. The weight of student-athletes
10. The length of fence around each housing unit
Activity 1
B. Suppose three cellular phones are tested at random. Let D represent the
defective cellular phone and N represent the non-defective phone. If we let
X be the random variable representing the number of defective cellular
phone, complete the table below to show the probability distribution of the
random variable X
Activity 1
B. Suppose three cellular phones are tested at random. Let D represent the
defective cellular phone and N represent the non-defective phone. If we let
X be the random variable representing the number of defective cellular
phone, complete the table below to show the probability distribution of the
random variable X
Answers
A. B.
1. discrete
2. discrete
3. continuous
4. discrete
5. continuous
6. continuous
7. continuous
8. discrete
9. continuous
10. continuous
Random Variable
- is a variable whose possible values are numerical outcomes of a
random experiment
Example: Let Y be a random variable of getting a head when tossing a
coin.
Possible outcome: Head Tail
Random Variable
Suppose three cellular phones are tested at random. Let D represent the defective
cellular phone and N represent the non-defective phone. If we let X be the random
variable representing the number of defective cellular phones, complete the table
below to show the probability distribution of the random variable X.

Sample space = { DDD, DDN, DND, NDD, DNN, NDN, NND,


NNN }
Possible outcome:
0 defective = { NNN } = 1
0 1
1 defective = { DNN, NDN, =3
NND }
2 defective = { DDN, DND, 1 3
=3
3NDD }
defective = { DDD } = 1 2 3

3 1
Random Variable
Suppose two coins are tossed. Let X be the random variable representing the
number of tails that occur. Find the values of the random variable X.
Head - H Tail - T
Sample space = { HH, HT, TH, TT }
Possible outcome:
0 tail = { HH } =1
1 tail = { HT, TH = 2
}2 tail = { TT }
=
1
2 TYPES OF RAMDOM VARIABLE

Discrete Random Variable Continuous Random Variable


- a variable whose value is obtained by - a variable whose value is obtained by
counting measuring
EXAMPLES:
1. number of students present 1. height of students in a class
2. number of red marbles in a 2. the time it takes to get to
jar school
3. number of heads when 3. distance traveled between
tossing 3 coins classes
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
of a Random Variable
- tell all of its possible values along with their associated probabilities
EXAMPLES: Defective cellular phones
RECALL
Number of elements of the Event
Probability of an Event
=
P (X) Number of elements in the Sample Space

Let Y be the probability of getting 1 head when tossing 2 coins.


Sample Space: S = { HH, HT, TH, TT } = 4 elements
Event: Y = { HT, TH } = 2 elements

2 1
P (Y) = =
4 2
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
of a Random Variable
- tell all of its possible values along with their associated probabilities
EXAMPLES: Defective cellular phones
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
of a Random Variable
EXAMPLES:Number of tails when tossing 2 coins.
Finding the Probability Distribution of a Random
Variable
EXAMPLES:Defective cellular phones
1. Find P( X ≤ 2 )

2. Find P( X ≥ 2 )
Activity 2
A. Distinguish which among the random variables are discrete or
continuous.
1. The speed of the CAR
2. The number of voters favoring a candidate.
3. The time needed to finish the test.
4. The Weight of newborns each year in a hospital
5. The amount of sugar in a cup of coffee
6. The number of deaths per year attributed to lung cancer
7. The average amount of electricity consumed per household monthly.
8. The number of patient arrivals at a medical clinic
9. The number of dropouts in a school district for a period of 10 years
10. The number of female athletes
Activity 2
A. Distinguish which among the random variables are discrete or continuous.
1. The speed of the CAR
2. The number of voters favoring a candidate.
3. The time needed to finish the test.
4. The Weight of newborns each year in a hospital
5. The amount of sugar in a cup of coffee
6. The number of deaths per year attributed to lung cancer
7. The average amount of electricity consumed per household monthly.
8. The number of patient arrivals at a medical clinic
9. The number of dropouts in a school district for a period of 10 years
10. The number of female athletes
Activity 2
B. Four coins are tossed. Let A be the random variable representing the number of
heads that occur. Complete the table below:
Activity 2
B. Four coins are tossed. Let A be the random variable representing the number of
heads that occur. Using the values on table previously, find the following:

1. Find P( X < 2 )
2. Find P( X ≥ 2 )
Activity 2 Answers
A.
1. CONTINUOUS
2. DISCRETE
3. CONTINUOUS
4. CONTINUOUS
5. CONTINUOUS
6. DISCRETE
7. CONTINUOUS
8. DISCRETE
9. DISCRETE
10. DISCRETE
Activity 2 Answers
B. Four coins are tossed. Let A be the random variable representing the number of
heads that occur. Complete the table below :
1. Find P( X < 2 )

2. Find P( X ≥ 2 )
RECAP
Random Variable - is a variable whose possible values are numerical outcomes of a
random experiment
2 TYPES OF RAMDOM VARIABLE
Discrete Random Variable - a variable whose value is obtained by counting
Continuous Random Variable - a variable whose value is obtained by measuring
Properties of a Probability Distribution
1. The probability of each value of x is a value between 0 and 1.
2. The sum of the probabilities of a value is equal to 1.
Assignment

Page 2

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