VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY
JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI-590018
A Detailed presentation on:-
“ACCIDENT STUDIES & ANALYSIS OF ROAD ACCIDENT”
Submitted In partial fulfilment of 8th semester for
SEMINAR ON CURRENT TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
“15CVS86”
Presented by:
Amarjeet Kumar
1MV16CV004
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SIR M.VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Krishnadevaraya Nagar, Hunasamaranahalli, International Airport road, Bangalore-
562157
STUDY & ANALYSIS OF ROAD ACCIDENT
 CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Objective of Road accidents.
• Road Transportation
• Cause of Road Accident
• Accident Analysis
• Road safety is no accident
• Conclusion & Recommendation
• Reference
 INTRODUCTION
• The problem of Road Accident is a very acute in highway transportation due to complex flow
pattern of vehicular traffic, presence of mixed traffic along with pedestrians.
• In 2017 there were 56 million deaths globally; nearly half of these 49% were people who were
70 years old; 27% were between 50 & 69 years old; 14% were between 14 to 49; only 1% were
older than 5 & younger than 14; & 10% were children under the age of 5.
• In INDIA according to ICMR accidents death were 218,876 deaths were reported from INDIA
alone in 2017. In the year 2020, the no. of road accidents deaths in INDIA decrease to 20%
partly due to COVID-19.

INDIA
2010 DEATHS DUE TO ROAD ACCIDENTS- 1,34,513
2015 DEATHS DUE TO ROAD ACCIDENTS- 1,46,133
2019 DEATHS DUE TO ROAD ACCIDENTS- 1,54732
 OBJECTIVES OF ROAD ACCIDENT
STUDIES
• To study the causes of road accidents & suggest corrective measure at
potential location.
• To evaluate existing design.
• To compute the financial losses incurred.
• To support the proposed design & provide economic justification to
the improvement suggested by the traffic engineering.
 ROAD TRANSPORTATION

• Road network in INDIA:- India has road network of over 62.16km of road as
of 31 march 2020, the second largest road network in the world. At 1.80km
(1.12mi) of road per square kilometer of land.
• The qualitative density of INDIA road network is similar to that of Germany, &
substantially higher than the United States (.68km, 0.42mi), China(0.49km,
0.30mi), Russia(0.09km, 0.056mi). Adjusted for its larger population, India has
approximately 4.87kilometer (3.03mi) of road per 1,000 people, which is much
lower compared to developed countries.
• As of 31 march 2017, 63.24% of Indian roads were paved. India road network
carries over 65% of its freight & about 85% of passenger traffic. It contributed
6.3% toward India gross domestic product. This is in comparison to railways,
which contributed 3% from 2019 to 2020.
• Vehicle population in India:- India became the fourth
largest motor vehicle population has grown at compound annual
growth rate(CAGR) of 10 percent 2000-2009, during fueled by a
rising tide of motorization. Concomitantly, traffic risk & exposure
have grown. During the year 2019, there were around 4,37,396
road accidents, which resulted in death of 154,732 people &
injured more than 4lakh person in India. These number translated
into 1 road accident every minute & 1 road accident death every
four minutes.
• Being one of the largest automotive sectors, INDIA had over 295
million registered vehicles since 2019.
• It was the largest producer of two wheelers across the globe in
2019.
 CAUSES OF ROAD
ACCIDENTS

Road accident is most unwanted thing to happen to a road user, through they
happen quite often. The most unfortunate thing is that we don’t learn from our
mistakes on road. Most of the road users are quite well aware of the general
rules & safety measures while using road but it is only on part of road users.
Which cause the accidents & crashes. Main cause of accidents & crashes are
due to human errors.
• Vehicle- Defects such as failure of brakes, steering system, tyer burst,
lighting system.

( autojosh.com )
( Accident in lekki due to brake failure)
• Road design- Defective geometric design like inadequate sight distance,
inadequate width of shoulders, improper curve design, improper traffic
control devices & improper lighting.

( www.capacitylaw.com )
Dangerous & Defective roads
• Environment factors- Unfavorable weather conditions like mist, snow,
smoke & heavy rainfall which restrict normal visibility & makes
driving unsafe.

( www.jacarandafm.com )
Heavy mist leads to Crash
• Road condition- Skidding road surface, pot holes, ruts.

( www.coloradolaw.net)
www.thehealthsite.com
(What to do if your car start to skid)
• Other causes- Improper location of advertisement boards, gate of
level crossing not closed when required etc..

forums.canadiancontent.net
( The moment of gateway driver dices with death
at a level crossing)
Following are common behavior of humans which results in
accidents:-

• Over Speeding.
• Drunken Driving.
• Distractions to Driver.
• Red Light Jumping.
• Avoiding Safety Gears like Seat belts & Helmet.
Road safety Campaign
akshay.artstation.com

Brand created road safety awareness with creative social

media.
www.marketingmind.in
 OVER SPEEDING
• Most of the fatal accident occur due to over speeding.
• Increase in speed multiplies the risk of accident &
severity of injury during accident.
• Faster vehicles are more prone to accident than the
slower one & the severity of accident will also be more
in case of faster vehicles.
• Higher the speed the vehicle needs greater distance to
stop i.e. braking distance.
• A vehicle moving on high speed will have greater impact
during the crash& hence will cause more injuries.
Never want another speeding ticket
www.discovery.com
 DRUNKEN DRIVING
• Alcohol reduces the concentration.
• It decrease reactions time of a human body.
• Limbs take more to react to the instruction of
brain.
• Alcohol dampens fear & incites humans to take
risks.
• For every increase of 0.05 blood alcohol
concentration, the risk of accidents doubles.
• Apart from alcohol many drugs, medicine also
affect the skills & concentration necessary for What to do in a legal sense if a drunk driver
driving. caused your accident
www.365daysofmotoring.com
 DISTRACTION TO DRIVER

• Adjusting mirror while driving

• Radio in vehicle.
• Animal roaming on the road
• Banners & Billboards.
• Act of talking on phone occupies major
portion of brain & the smaller part
handles the driving skills.
• Eating in car while driving.
Distracted driving | Road safety UAE
www.roadsafetyuae.com
 RED LIGHT JUMPING
• The main motive behind red light jumping is saving
time.
• The common conception is that stopping at red
signals is wastage of time & fuel.
• A red light jumper are not only jeopardizes his life
but also the safety of other road users.
• Studies have shown that if traffic signals followed
properly by all drivers save time & commuters
reach destination safely at timely.

Horrific red-light jumping accidents in Abu

dhabi
gulfnews.com
AVOIDING SAFETY GEARS Like SEAT BELT
& HELMETS
• Use of seat belt in four-wheeler is now mandatory
& not wearing seat belt invites penalty, same in
the case of helmets for two wheeler drivers.
• Wearing seat belts & helmet has been brought
under law after proven studies that these two
thing reduce the severity of injury during
accidents.
• Wearing seat belt & helmets double the chance of
survival in a serious accident.
• Two wheeler death have been made drastically What happens when you don’t wear a seat
reduced after use of helmet has been mandatory. belt.
morsportal.dk
 ACCIDENT ANALYSIS
Accident data collection
• The accident data collection is the first step in the accident
study.
• The data collection of the accidents is primarily done by the
police.
• Motorist accidents report are secondary data which are filed
by motorists themselves.
• The data to be collected should comprise all of these
parameters:

1. General- Date, time, person involved in accident, classification of

accident like fatal, serious, minor.
2. Location- Description & detail of location of accident.
3. Detail of vehicle involved- Registration no. description of vehicle,
loading details, vehicular defects.
4. Nature of accident- Detail of collision, damages, injury & casualty.
5. Road & traffic condition- Detail of road geometry, surface
characteristics, type of traffic, traffic density etc..
6. Primary causes of accident- Details of various possible cases
(already mentioned) which are the main causes of accident.
 USED OF ACCIDENT DATA
• Identification of points at which unusually high number of accidents
occur.
• Detailed functional evaluation of critical accident location to identity
the causes of accidents.
• Development of procedure that allows identification of hazards
before large number of accidents occurs.
• Development of different statistical measure of various accident
related factors to give insight into general trends, common casual
factors, drive profile, etc.
 ACCIDENT DATA ANALYSIS
• The purpose is to find the possible causes of accident related to
driver, vehicle, & roadway.
 Accident analysis are made to develop information such as:
 Driver & Pedestrian- Accident occurrence by age groups &
relationship of accidents to physical capacities & to psychological test
results.
 Vehicles- Accident occurrence related to characteristic of vehicle,
severity, location & extent of damage related to vehicles.
Central Minster has taken has taken several steps to improved
road safety for road users which are as under:-

• It is insured that road safety is the integral

part of road design at planning stage.
• Refresher training to heavy vehicle drivers in
the unorganized sectors being implemented
by the ministry since 1997-98 under plan
activities.
• Setting up of model driving training school in
the states by Ministry of road Transport &
Highways.
• Publicity campaign on road safety awareness
both through the audio-visual & point media
by Ministry of road Transport & Highways.
• National Awards for voluntary
organizations/individual for outstanding work in
the field of road safety.
• Tightening of safety standards of vehicle like
Seat belts, Power-steering, rear view mirror, etc.
• Widening & improvements of National
Highways under its operation & maintenance
contracts.
• Providing cranes & ambulance to various state
Governments/NGOs under National Highway
Accident relief service scheme.
Safety guidelines for accident
prevention safety posters
www.accuform.com
To promote awareness about road safety
issues:-
• To establish a road safety information database.
• To ensure safer road infrastructure by way of designing
safer roads, encouraging application of Intelligent
transport system, etc.
• To ensure fitment of safety features in the vehicles at the
stage of designing, manufacture, usage, operation &
maintenance.
• To take measure to ensure safety of vulnerable road users.
• To take appropriate measure for enforcement of safety
laws.
Road safety awareness
www.kirantrustfoundation.com
 Road Safety is no Accidents
• WHO (world health organization) declared the year 2004 as the year
of Road Safety & launches world health day in 7 April 2004 with the
slogan-
“ROAD SAFETY IS NO ACCIDENT”
• The world report on Road Traffic Prevention 1 of the world bank &
World health organization (WHO) in the year 2004 stated that road
traffic injuries are a major but neglected global public health problem
requiring concerted efforts for effective & sustainable prevention.
• The report forecast that without any increased effort & new
initiatives, the total no. of road traffic injuries & deaths worldwide
would rise by 65% between 2000-2020.

www.pinterest.com
 CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATION

• Safety means first aid to the uninjured.

• Health of the nation is more important than the wealth of the
nation.
• Road safety is a major public health concern.
• Strict implementation of road safety measures reduces the “ Road
Accidents”.
• The study of road accident helps in reducing the accident.
• High school students can be taught about reaction time, braking
distance, defensive driving & hazards of alcoholic drinks.
• Road side random breath testing for alcohol should be done by using
breath analyzers, which can be confirmed by blood concentration level
of alcohol.

The real pressure & motivation to improve driving skills can come
only through licensing authorities by adopting stickers, more
comprehensive & scientifically based test laying a stress on road rules,
regulation & traffic control devices.
At the time of giving license to
the public transport drivers, they can be giving training in first-aid skills
so that victims are attended immediately in the post accident period.
 REFERENCE
• Johnston I. Action to reduce road causalities. World Health Forum 1992;
13(203):154-62.
• Jha N. Road traffic accident cases at BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal. One year in
retrospect. Journal of Nepal Medical Association 1997; 35: 241-4.
• Ghosh PK. Epidemiological study of the vehicular accidents in Delhi. Journal
OF India Medical Association 1992;90(12): 309-12.
• Balogun JA, Abreoje OK. Pattern of road traffic accident cases in a Nigerian
University Teaching Hospital between 1987 & 1990. Trop med Hyg 1992; 95:
23-9.
• WHO Road traffic accidents in developing countries. Technical report series
number.
• World health Organization, Geneva 1984.
 y o u
h a n k
T