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Physical Pharmaceutics-Ii: B. Pharm (IV Sem) Physical Pharmacy-II BP 403T Unit - III Coarse Dispersions

This document provides an overview of coarse dispersions, specifically suspensions. It defines suspensions as biphasic systems with insoluble solid particles dispersed in a liquid medium larger than 0.1 μm. Suspensions offer advantages like masking unpleasant tastes and providing controlled drug delivery but are fundamentally unstable. Key factors that influence suspensions include particle-particle interactions, settling, physical stability, formulation, and rheology.

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3K views10 pages

Physical Pharmaceutics-Ii: B. Pharm (IV Sem) Physical Pharmacy-II BP 403T Unit - III Coarse Dispersions

This document provides an overview of coarse dispersions, specifically suspensions. It defines suspensions as biphasic systems with insoluble solid particles dispersed in a liquid medium larger than 0.1 μm. Suspensions offer advantages like masking unpleasant tastes and providing controlled drug delivery but are fundamentally unstable. Key factors that influence suspensions include particle-particle interactions, settling, physical stability, formulation, and rheology.

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dipti_sriv
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Amity Institute of Pharmacy

PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II

B. Pharm (IV Sem)


Physical Pharmacy- II
BP 403T
Unit – III
COARSE DISPERSIONS
1
An Overview
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Coarse dispersed system 2. Emulsions


1.Suspensions a. Classification of emulsions
a.Classification of suspensions b. Thermodynamic causes for
b.Particle–Particle interaction and instability
behavior c. Emulsifying agents
c.Factors influencing settling d. Physical Instability
d.Physical stability e. Preservation of emulsions
e.Formulation of suspensions f. Rheologic considerations
f.Rheologic considerations g. Preparation of emulsions
h. Microemulsions and multiple
emulsions 2
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• Disperse systems consist of at least one internal phase that is


dispersed in a dispersion medium.
• Disperse system is further divided into three types on the basis
of the size of the dispersed phase.

3
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• Disperse systems where the size of dispersed phase is greater


than 0.5µm is known as coarse disperse systems.

4
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Solution Suspension

5
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Suspensions
They are as biphasic systems
A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion in which
insoluble solid particles are dispersed in a liquid medium.
The particles have diameters for the most part greater than 0.1
μm
Some of the particles when observed under the microscope to
exhibit Brownian movement if the dispersion has a low viscosity

6
Advantages of suspensions
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 They are a useful drug delivery system for therapeutic agents


that have a low solubility
 Pharmaceutical suspensions may be formulated to mask the
unpleasant/ bitter taste of drug. E.g. Chloramphenicol.
 Pharmaceutical suspensions may serve as an alternative means
used to administer drugs to children including pediatric and
geriatric patients and also who have difficultyin swallowing
solid dosage forms.

7
Advantages of Suspensions
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 Drug in suspension exhibits higher rate of bioavailability than


other dosage forms. Bioavailability is in following order,
Solution > Suspension > Capsule > Compressed Tablet >
Coated tablet.
 Pharmaceutical suspensions may be formulated to provide
controlled drug delivery, e.g. as intramuscular injections.
 Chemical stability of certain drugs e.g., Procaine penicillin G
can be improved when formulated as suspensions

8
Disadvantages
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 Pharmaceutical suspensions are fundamentally unstable and for


this reason, it requires formulation skill to ensure that the
physical stability of the formulation is retained over the period of
the shelf-life
 Accuracy of dosage is less reliable than with solution unless
suspension is packed in unit dosage form
 Preparation must be shaken prior to measuring a dose
 Pourability and syringe ability issues (e.g., injectable
suspensions)
 Crystal formation (Ostwald ripening) and breaking of suspension
9
References
1. Sinko PJ and Singh Y. Martin’s Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences: Physical, chemical and biopharmaceutical principles in
pharmaceutical sciences. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
2011. Chapter 10,Coarse Dispersions ; p. 410-412
2. Subrahmanyam CVS. A Text Book of Physical Pharmacy.2nd ed. Vallabh
Prakashan. Chapter 10, Suspensions; p 369-371.

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