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Digital Image Processing: Course Code: CSE 423

The document discusses bit plane slicing and histograms in digital image processing. Bit plane slicing involves isolating particular bits of pixel values to highlight aspects of an image, with higher-order bits containing most visual information and lower-order bits holding subtle details. Histograms show the distribution of gray levels in an image and are useful for image processing and segmentation. Histogram equalization improves dark or washed-out images by spreading out the frequencies in an image to equalize it. Examples are provided of images and their histograms, as well as before and after shots of histogram equalization.

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Khalid Hasan
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36 views36 pages

Digital Image Processing: Course Code: CSE 423

The document discusses bit plane slicing and histograms in digital image processing. Bit plane slicing involves isolating particular bits of pixel values to highlight aspects of an image, with higher-order bits containing most visual information and lower-order bits holding subtle details. Histograms show the distribution of gray levels in an image and are useful for image processing and segmentation. Histogram equalization improves dark or washed-out images by spreading out the frequencies in an image to equalize it. Examples are provided of images and their histograms, as well as before and after shots of histogram equalization.

Uploaded by

Khalid Hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Image Processing

Course Code: CSE 423

Lecture 4
Bit Plane Slicing
Often by isolating particular bits of the pixel
values in an image we can highlight interesting
aspects of that image
◦ Higher-order bits usually contain most of the
significant visual information
◦ Lower-order bits contain
subtle details
Bit Plane Slicing (cont…)

[10000000] [01000000]

[00100000] [00001000]

[00000100] [00000001]
Bit Plane Slicing (cont…)

[10000000] [01000000]

[00100000] [00001000]

[00000100] [00000001]
Bit Plane Slicing (cont…)
Bit Plane Slicing (cont…)
Bit Plane Slicing (cont…)
Bit Plane Slicing (cont…)
Bit Plane Slicing (cont…)
Bit Plane Slicing (cont…)
Bit Plane Slicing (cont…)
Bit Plane Slicing (cont…)
Bit Plane Slicing (cont…)
Bit Plane Slicing (cont…)
Bit‐Plane Slicing

b1=bitand(b,1);
b2=bitand(b,2);
b3=bitand(b,4);
b4=bitand(b,8);
b5=bitand(b,16);
b6=bitand(b,32);
b7=bitand(b,64);
b8=bitand(b,128);
Introduction of Histogram
Introduction of Histogram
Image Histograms
The histogram of an image shows us the
distribution of grey levels in the image
Massively useful in image processing, especially in
segmentation
Frequencies

Grey Levels
Histogram Examples
Histogram Examples (cont…)
Histogram Examples (cont…)
Histogram Examples (cont…)
Histogram Examples (cont…)
Histogram Examples (cont…)
Histogram Examples (cont…)
Histogram Examples (cont…)
Histogram Examples (cont…)
A selection of images and
their histograms
Notice the relationships
between the images and
their histograms
Note that the high contrast
image has the most
evenly spaced histogram
Histogram Equalisation
Spreading out the frequencies in an image (or
equalising the image) is a simple way to improve
dark or washed out images
The formula for histogram
equalisation is given where sk T (
rk )
◦ rk: input intensity k

◦ sk: processed intensity


pr(rj )
j1
◦ k: the intensity range
(e.g 0.0 – 1.0) k nj
◦ nj: the frequency of intensity j 
j 1 n
◦ n: the sum of all frequencies
Equalisation Transformation Function
Equalisation Examples
1
Equalisation Transformation Functions
The functions used to equalise the images in
the previous example
Equalisation Examples
2
Equalisation Transformation Functions
The functions used to equalise the images in
the previous example
Equalisation Examples (cont…)
3

4
Equalisation Examples (cont…)
3

4
Equalisation Examples (cont…)

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