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Perceptual Development: By: Jobelene Nery

By birth, infants can hear better than see, as vision is the least developed sense. While newborn visual acuity is poor, it improves rapidly and equals adult levels by age 1. Hearing is the most mature sense at birth, allowing infants to recognize voices. The senses of touch, taste, and smell are also highly developed, helping infants interact with and learn about their environment. As they grow, infants' perceptual abilities for sights, sounds, and objects become increasingly complex and specialized for their native language.

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181 views29 pages

Perceptual Development: By: Jobelene Nery

By birth, infants can hear better than see, as vision is the least developed sense. While newborn visual acuity is poor, it improves rapidly and equals adult levels by age 1. Hearing is the most mature sense at birth, allowing infants to recognize voices. The senses of touch, taste, and smell are also highly developed, helping infants interact with and learn about their environment. As they grow, infants' perceptual abilities for sights, sounds, and objects become increasingly complex and specialized for their native language.

Uploaded by

art031125
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Perceptual development

By: Jobelene Nery


SENSATION – occurs when
information, interacts with
sensory receptors – the eyes,
the ears, tongue, nostrils and
skin.

PERCEPTION –
Interpretation of what is
sensed. 
• Each sensory modality- seeing, hearing and so on
– acquires raw information from the
environment and the brain transforms this
information into organized percepts. 

• TOUCH – Most Developed Sense

• VISION – Least developed sense


Vision

• What Do Infants See?

Vision is the least mature of all the


senses at
birth because the fetus has nothing
to look at, so visual connections
in the brain can’t form until
birth.
Newborn visual acuity is 20/400 to 20/800
‐20/200 or worse defines legal blindness in adults
• By 6 months, infant visual acuity is
20/25
• By 1 year, infant visual acuity is at
adult levels (20/20)
‐Infants prefer to look at patterned stimuli instead of plain, non-patterned stimuli.

When the infant looks at the


two stimuli equally long, it
indicates they are no longer
able to distinguish the stripes
of the patterned stimulus from
the solid gray square
Light Sensitivity

• Newborns begin to see the world not only with


greater acuity but also in color
• At birth, infants have the greatest sensitivity to
intermediate wavelengths (yellow/green) and
less to short (blue/violet) or long (red/orange).
-Newborns can perceive few
colors, but By 3-4 months
newborns are able to see the full
range of colors (Kellman, 1998).

‐In fact, by 3-4 months infants


have color perception similar to
adults (Adams, 1995).
* At 1 week, the infant can
discriminate the desaturated
red from gray

*At 2 months, the infant can


discriminate the desaturated
blue from gray
Face
Perception
Object Perception / Perceptual
Constancy

• It is the ability to consider that the object is the


same object even when viewed from a different
direction.
• Size Constancy - "perception of an object" size
as stable despite changes in the size of its retinal
image.
• Shape Constancy -  "recognition that an
object remains the same shape eventhough its
orientation changes. 
Size Constancy
Shape Constancy
HEARING

• What do babies hear?


• Hearing is the most mature sense at birth. In fact, some
sounds trigger reflexes even without conscious perception.
• Last 2 Months of pregnancy fetus
• Hear a sound of a mothers's sound, music and so on
(Kisilevsky & Hains 2010

• Fetus attend to female voices and can recognize their


mothers voice (DeCasper & Fifer, 1980)
• At Birth
• Can hear better than they can see
• Can be startled by loud noises
• Can turn toward soft sounds
• Prefer relatively complex auditory stimuli
• Can discriminate among sounds that differ in
loudness,
    Duration, direction and frequency/pitch
• Infants respond to human speech and
Speech phonological aspects of
Perception     Language
• Include ability to distinguish between basic
speech sounds
     Phonemes, pitches, stresses and pause of speech
etc.
• Infants can learn any language that human
speak.
  
• As they mature, become increasingly sensitive to
sound
     Differences that are significant in their own
language and become
      Less sensitive to sounds which are not         
 made in their native Language.
Touch

• Newborns are sensitive to touch,


many areas of the newborn’s
body respond reflexively when
touched.
Taste

• Newborns also have a highly developed sense of taste.


They can differentiate salty, sour, bitter & sweet tastes
(Rosenstein, 1997).
• Sensitivity to taste is present before birth
• Newborns learn taste prenatally through the amniotic
fluid and in breast milk after birth.
• At 4 months, they begin to prefer salty tastes.
Smell • Infants have a keen sense of smell and
respond positively to pleasant smells and
negatively to unpleasant smells
(Menella, 1997).
• ‐Honey, vanilla, strawberry, or
chocolate:  relaxed, produces a
contented-looking facial expression
• ‐
• ‐Rotten eggs, fish, or ammonia produce
exactly what you might expect…infants
frown, grimace or turn away
Intermodal
Perception
The ability to realize that cues from
different senses go together.

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