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Course - Database Management Systems (DBMS) : Course Instructor Dr. K. Subrahmanyam Department of CSE, KLU

This document discusses a Database Management Systems course taught by Dr. K. Subrahmanyam in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at KL University. The document covers DML statements like SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, and INSERT used to extract, update, delete and insert data into databases. It also discusses the INSERT INTO and UPDATE statements in SQL and provides examples. Finally, it discusses schema change statements in SQL like DROP TABLE and TRUNCATE TABLE and provides examples of using these statements.

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Avinash Alla

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

82 views92 pages

Course - Database Management Systems (DBMS) : Course Instructor Dr. K. Subrahmanyam Department of CSE, KLU

Uploaded by

Avinash Alla

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Course – Database Management

Systems (DBMS)

Course Instructor
Dr. K. Subrahmanyam
Department of CSE,KLU

CSE, KL luniversity
DML statements
• SELECT - extracts data from a database
• UPDATE - updates data in a database
• DELETE - deletes data from a database
• INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a
database

CSE, KL luniversity
The INSERT INTO Statement
• The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert a new row in a table.
• SQL INSERT INTO Syntax
It is possible to write the INSERT INTO statement in two forms.

The first form doesn't specify the column names where the data will be inserted, only
their values:
INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)

The second form specifies both the column names and the values to be inserted:
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)

CSE, KL luniversity
SQL UPDATE Statement
• The UPDATE statement is used to update existing records in a table.
SQL UPDATE Syntax
UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value, column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column=some_value

update student1
set emailid=‘[email protected]’
where name=‘Dinesh’;

CSE, KL luniversity
Topics Covered in Todays Class
- Schema change statements in SQL
- Basic SQL queries

CSE, KL luniversity
Schema change statements in SQL
• Drop command can be used to drop tables or constraints.

• The DROP TABLE Statement

General Syntax: DROP TABLE table_name

• The DROP DATABASE Statement

General Syntax: DROP DATABASE database_name

• The TRUNCATE TABLE Statement

What if we only want to delete the data inside the table, and not the table itself ?
Then, use the TRUNCATE TABLE statement:
General Syntax: TRUNCATE TABLE table_name

CSE, KL luniversity
Schema change statements in SQL
student Table
• department
Drop command
Table
USN Name Dep_nu
m
D_ID Dep_name
1BM14CS001 Avinash 10
10 CSE 1BM14CS002 Balaji 10
20 ISE 1BM14CS003 Ram 10
1BM14CS004 Mohan 20
1BM14CS005 Nikil 20

Assume the above two tables were created using following create commands
create table department (D_ID integer, Dep_name varchar(3),primary key (D_ID));

create table student (USN varchar(10),Name varchar(20),Dep_num integer,

primary key(usn),foreign key (Dep_num) references department(D_ID));

Note: Assume after above two table creation, values shown above are inserted
into tables
CSE, KL luniversity
Schema change statements in SQL
student Table
• department
Drop command
Table
USN Name Dep_nu
m
D_ID Dep_name
1BM14CS001 Avinash 10
10 CSE 1BM14CS002 Balaji 10
20 ISE 1BM14CS003 Ram 10
1BM14CS004 Mohan 20
1BM14CS005 Nikil 20

Question
1. When the following SQL Command is executed, what will be the output

insert into student values (‘1BM14CS006’,’Patel’,50);

Question
1. When the following SQL Command is executed, what will be the output

insert into student values (‘1BM14CS006’,’Patel’,50);

Cannot add a row: a foreign key constraint fails

Question
1. When the following SQL Command is executed, what will be the output

drop table department;

Question
1. When the following SQL Command is executed, what will be the output

drop table department;

Department Table will not be deleted because of foreign key constraint

Question
1. When the following SQL Command is executed, what will be the output

drop table student;

Question
1. When the following SQL Command is executed, what will be the output

drop table student;

student Table will be deleted

CSE, KL luniversity
Schema change statements in SQL
student Table
• department
Drop command
Table
USN Name Dep_Nu
m
D_ID Dep_name
1BM14CS001 Avinash 10
10 CSE 1BM14CS002 Balaji 10
20 ISE 1BM14CS003 Ram 10
1BM14CS004 Mohan 20
1BM14CS005 Nikil 20

Question
1. When the following SQL Command is executed, what will be the output

drop table department cascade constraints;

Question
1. When the following SQL Command is executed, what will be the output

drop table department cascade constraints;

Department Table will be deleted and foreign key constraint to student

Table will be dropped
CSE, KL luniversity
Schema change statements in SQL
Student Table
• department
Drop command
Table
USN Name Dep_Nu
m
D_ID Dep_name
1BM14CS001 Avinash 10
10 CSE 1BM14CS002 Balaji 10
20 ISE 1BM14CS003 Ram 10
1BM14CS004 Mohan 20
1BM14CS005 Nikil 20

Question
1. Whether the following two SQL commands will be executed successfully

drop table department cascade constraints;

insert into student values (‘1BM14CS006’,’Patel’,50);

Question
1. Whether the following two SQL commands will be executed successfully
drop table department cascade constraints;
insert into student values (‘1BM14CS006’,’Patel’,50);

Into the student table new row will be inserted with dep_num 50

CSE, KL luniversity
Schema change statements in SQL
• Drop Command
General syntax:
drop table table_name [drop_behavior]

There are two drop behavior options

1. Cascade: All constraints that references the table are dropped
automatically along with the table itself.
2. Restrict: Table is dropped only it is not referenced in any constraints.

CSE, KL luniversity
Schema change statements in SQL
• Alter command
General Syntax:
alter table table_name [add|drop|alter] column
column_name;

Adding or dropping column

Changing column definition
Adding or dropping table constraints
CSE, KL luniversity
Schema change statements in SQL
• Alter command
Student Table
USN Name Dep_Nu
m
1BM14CS001 Avinash 10
1BM14CS002 Balaji 10
1BM14CS003 Ram 10
1BM14CS004 Mohan 20
1BM14CS005 Nikil 20

CSE, KL luniversity
Schema change statements in SQL
• Alter command
Student Table
USN Name Dep_Nu
m
1BM14CS001 Avinash 10
1BM14CS002 Balaji 10
1BM14CS003 Ram 10
1BM14CS004 Mohan 20
1BM14CS005 Nikil 20

CSE, KL luniversity
Schema change statements in SQL
• Alter command
Student Table
USN Name Dep_Nu
m
1BM14CS001 Akash 10
1BM14CS002 Bharath 10
1BM14CS003 Ragu 10
1BM14CS004 Mohan 20
1BM14CS005 Nikil 20
Question
1. What will be the contents of the student table when the following SQL
commands are executed ?

CSE, KL luniversity
Schema change statements in SQL
• Alter command
Student Table
USN S-Name Dep_Num email
1BM14CS001 Akash 10
1BM14CS002 Bharath 10
1BM14CS003 Ragu 10
1BM14CS004 Mohan 20
1BM14CS005 Nikil 20
1BM14CS006 Patel 10 patel@gmail.
com

CSE, KL luniversity
Basic queries in SQL
• To retrieve data from database table, basic
SQL statement is SELECT
• Syntax:
select column_name_list
from table_name
where condition;

CSE, KL luniversity
SQL select statement
student Table
usn name dep_nu marks
m
1BM14CS001 Avinash 10 100
1BM14CS002 Balaji 10 80
1BM14CS003 Chandan 10 45
1BM14CS004 Dinesh 10 60
1BM14IS001 Avinash 20 90

CSE, KL luniversity
SQL select statement
Student Table
usn name dep_nu marks
m
1BM14CS001 Avinash 10 100
1BM14CS002 Balaji 10 80
1BM14CS003 Chandan 10 45
1BM14CS004 Dinesh 10 60
1BM14IS001 Avinash 20 90

CSE, KL luniversity
Select statement
• Where clause conditions
=
!=
<
>
<=
>=

CSE, KL luniversity
SQL select statement
student Table
usn name dep_nu marks
department Table m
D_ID D-Name 1BM14CS001 Avinash 10 100
1BM14CS002 Balaji 10 80
10 CSE
1BM14CS003 Chandan 10 45
20 ISE
1BM14CS004 Dinesh 10 60
1BM14IS005 Avinash 20 90

1. List out the USN’s of the students who belong to department number 10?

CSE, KL luniversity
SQL select statement
student Table
usn name dep_nu marks
department Table m
d_id dep_name 1BM14CS001 Avinash 10 100
1BM14CS002 Balaji 10 80
10 CSE
1BM14CS003 Chandan 10 45
20 ISE
1BM14CS004 Dinesh 10 60
1BM14IS005 Avinash 20 90

Question
1. List out the USN’s of the students who belong to CSE department ?

CSE, KL luniversity
SQL select statement: Aliasing
student Table
usn name dep_nu marks
department Table m
d_id dep_name 1BM14CS001 Avinash 10 100
1BM14CS002 Balaji 10 80
10 CSE
1BM14CS003 Chandan 10 45
20 ISE
1BM14CS004 Dinesh 10 60
1BM14IS005 Avinash 20 90

CSE, KL luniversity
SQL select statement: Distinct
Student Table
usn name dep_nu marks
m
1BM14CS001 Avinash 10 100
1BM14CS002 Balaji 10 80
1BM14CS003 Chandan 10 45
1BM14CS004 Dinesh 10 60
1BM14IS001 Avinash 20 90

Avinash
Balaji
Chandan
Dinesh
Avinash
CSE, KL luniversity
SQL select statement: Distinct
Student Table
usn name dep_nu marks
m
1BM14CS001 Avinash 10 100
1BM14CS002 Balaji 10 80
1BM14CS003 Chandan 10 45
1BM14CS004 Dinesh 10 60
1BM14IS001 Avinash 20 90

Avinash
Balaji
Chandan
Dinesh

CSE, KL luniversity
SQL select statement: Order By
Student Table
usn name dep_nu marks
m
1BM14CS001 Avinash 10 100
1BM14CS002 Balaji 10 80
1BM14CS003 Chandan 10 45
1BM14CS004 Dinesh 10 60
1BM14IS001 Avinash 20 90

Question
List usn, name of the students who belong to department number 10 ordered by
ascending order of their marks ?

CSE, KL luniversity
Activity: To do
Employee table
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-Dec-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-Feb-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-Feb-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-Apr-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-Sep-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-May-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-Jun-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 09-Dec-82 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-Nov-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-Sep-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-Jan-83 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-Dec-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-Dec-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-Jan-82 1300 10

Write SQL queries for the following

1. Display all the information of the Employee table ?
2. Display unique Jobs from Employee table?
3. List names of the employees in the ascending order of their Salaries ?
CSE, KL luniversity
Topics Covered in Today’s class
Unit 1: Basic queries in SQL

w.r.t SELECT statement

SQL operators: LIKE, IN, BETWEEN

CSE, KL luniversity
Structured Query Language (SQL)
SQL can be divided into two parts:
1. The Data Manipulation Language (DML) and
2. The Data Definition Language (DDL)

1. DDL statements in SQL are:

– CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
– ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
– CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
– ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
– DROP TABLE - deletes a table

2. DML part of SQL:

– SELECT - extracts data from a database
– UPDATE - updates data in a database
– DELETE - deletes data from a database
– INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database

CSE, KL luniversity
The SQL SELECT Statement
• The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.
• The result is stored in a result table, called the result-set.

• Note: SQL is not case sensitive. SELECT is the same as select.

CSE, KL luniversity
w.r.t to SELECT SQL statement
1. SQL Alias: We can give a table or a column another name by using an alias.
• SQL Alias Syntax for Tables
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name AS alias_name;
• SQL Alias Syntax for Columns
SELECT column_name AS alias_name
FROM table_name;

2. The DISTINCT keyword can be used to return only distinct (different) values.
• SQL SELECT DISTINCT Syntax
SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s)
FROM table_name

CSE, KL luniversity
w.r.t to SELECT sql statement
3. The ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the result-set by a specified column.
• SQL ORDER BY Syntax
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name(s) ASC | DESC;
4. The WHERE clause is used to filter records. The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill
a specified criterion.
• SQL WHERE Syntax
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
• With the WHERE clause, the following operators can be used:

CSE, KL luniversity
Substring Pattern Matching: SQL LIKE Operator

• The LIKE operator is used in a WHERE clause to search for a specified pattern in a
column.
• SQL LIKE Syntax
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE pattern

CSE, KL luniversity
SQL LIKE Operator
• The LIKE operator is used in a WHERE clause to search for a specified pattern in a
column.
• SQL LIKE Syntax
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE pattern

Example: Write SQL statement to list the names starting with letter “A” from following
student table.

CSE, KL luniversity
SQL LIKE Operator
Write SQL statement to list the names starting with letter “A”
from the following student table.

Note:
Wildcard character %, A substitute for zero or more characters