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Projection Method

Perspective drawings depict objects in 3D with lines converging to a vanishing point, distorting proportions to convey depth perception. Isometric drawings show 3 sides in dimensional proportion but corners are not true 90 degrees. Orthographic projection uses multiple rotated views to depict a 3D object in 2D, with first angle projection placing front view in middle and third angle projection placing views in their natural positions. Drawings indicate hidden details using dashed outlines.

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67 views24 pages

Projection Method

Perspective drawings depict objects in 3D with lines converging to a vanishing point, distorting proportions to convey depth perception. Isometric drawings show 3 sides in dimensional proportion but corners are not true 90 degrees. Orthographic projection uses multiple rotated views to depict a 3D object in 2D, with first angle projection placing front view in middle and third angle projection placing views in their natural positions. Drawings indicate hidden details using dashed outlines.

Uploaded by

willmors31
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Methods of Projection

What do we mean by perspective?

• Perspective drawings show objects as you would


see them in the real world - in three dimensional
view.
• The lines of sight in a perspective drawing can be
projected to a vanishing point in the distance. This
is what gives the appearance of depth.
• Perspective drawings are a 3D representation of an
object but the proportions are not true – they are
distorted to give the perception of depth.
• Also the detail at the farthest ends can be difficult
to see because it is so small.
Perspective Drawing
Disadvantages of a perspective drawing:

1. Only three sides of a component are shown.


2. No feature is a true proportion. They are not
drawn to a constant scale.
3. Sectioned perspective drawings are often
confusing.
4. Sometimes a hidden outline is shown which
can be confusing.
5. Dimensions are often difficult to show.
What is an isometric drawing?

• Isometric drawings are 3D drawings.


• They show three sides, all in dimensional
proportion, but none are shown as a true
shape with 90 degree corners.
• All the vertical lines are drawn vertically but all
horizontal lines are drawn at 30 degrees to the
base line.
• Isometric is an easy method of drawing 3D
images.
Isometric Drawing
Another method – but rarely used
• Oblique drawings are also used in engineering.
• The object is drawn with the most distinguishing
features facing directly towards the observer,
showing the true shape of these features.
• Circular features like round holes can be drawn on
this front face as true circles.
• In other 3D forms, circular features must be drawn
as ellipses.
• To show the 3D effect, parallel lines (called 'lines of
sight') are drawn from the front face at an angle.
Oblique Drawing
The cavalier method is the simplest form of
oblique projection.
Isometric drawings
• give 3D views but don't give enough information
about an object's true look because you can't see
the exact shape and size of each feature.

Orthographic projection
• used to show a three dimensional object as a two
dimensional drawing.
• allows all possible views of a three dimensional
object to be shown in a two dimensional drawing.
• uses multiple views of the object, taken from points
of view rotated about the object's center through
increments of 90°.
Orthographic Projection
First angle projection

• A method of creating a 2D drawing of a 3D object.

• It is mainly used in Europe and Asia and has not


been officially used in Australia for many years.

• The Australian Standard uses third angle


projection rather first angle projection as it is
easier to understand.
Note the symbol for first angle orthographic
projection. This is important information for the
person interpreting the drawing because if you
examine the diagram below you will note that in
first angle orthographic projection:
•the view from the front is in the middle
•the view from the right is on the left
•the view from the left is on the right
•the view from the top is on the bottom
•the view from the bottom is on the top
•the view from the rear is on the far
right.
Third angle projection:
• is the preferred in USA and Australia
•the view from the left is on the left
•the view from the right is on the right
•the view from the top is on the top
•the view from the rear is on the far right.
A drawing can have any combination of views but the
three most common views are:
• front view
• right side view, and
• top view.
How do you show hidden detail in the drawing?
Many objects have internal features, such as
holes, slots and grooves. These features cannot be
seen when viewed side on in real life, but can be
represented as hidden outlines (ie dashed lines) in
drawings. Parts of an object may also conceal
other parts e.g. with a welded fabrication, and so
the hidden parts may be shown on a drawing as
hidden outlines.
How to show an outline of hidden features

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