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    What Is Penalty Time

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    Kumar Madanpuri
    Penalty time helps reduce ping-pong effects in cell reselection. When a mobile switches to a neighbor cell that has a better C1/C2 calculation, it will apply a temporary offset during the penalty time period before allowing another reselection. This delay can help stabilize the mobile's connection as it monitors neighbor cells. The downlink signaling counter also helps prevent too frequent reselections by declaring a radio link failure only after a certain number of failed page message decodes over a period of time. Together these mechanisms aim to optimize cell reselection and avoid excessive switching between cells.

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    What Is Penalty Time

    Uploaded by

    Kumar Madanpuri
    1K views6 pages
    Penalty time helps reduce ping-pong effects in cell reselection. When a mobile switches to a neighbor cell that has a better C1/C2 calculation, it will apply a temporary offset during the penalty time period before allowing another reselection. This delay can help stabilize the mobile's connection as it monitors neighbor cells. The downlink signaling counter also helps prevent too frequent reselections by declaring a radio link failure only after a certain number of failed page message decodes over a period of time. Together these mechanisms aim to optimize cell reselection and avoid excessive switching between cells.

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    c1 AND C2 PARAMETERS

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    What is Penalty Time

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    Penalty time helps reduce ping-pong effects in cell reselection. When a mobile switches to a neighbor cell that has a better C1/C2 calculation, it will apply a temporary offset during the penalty time period before allowing another reselection. This delay can help stabilize the mobile's connection as it monitors neighbor cells. The downlink signaling counter also helps prevent too frequent reselections by declaring a radio link failure only after a certain number of failed page message decodes over a period of time. Together these mechanisms aim to optimize cell reselection and avoid excessive switching between cells.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    1K views6 pages

    What Is Penalty Time

    Uploaded by

    Kumar Madanpuri
    Penalty time helps reduce ping-pong effects in cell reselection. When a mobile switches to a neighbor cell that has a better C1/C2 calculation, it will apply a temporary offset during the penalty time period before allowing another reselection. This delay can help stabilize the mobile's connection as it monitors neighbor cells. The downlink signaling counter also helps prevent too frequent reselections by declaring a radio link failure only after a certain number of failed page message decodes over a period of time. Together these mechanisms aim to optimize cell reselection and avoid excessive switching between cells.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    GSM

    What is PENALTY TIME ?


    K S madanpuri
    GSM
    What is PENALTY TIME ?
    Before describing the handover process and the optimization of
    neighbor lists, we will explain three terms introduced in the previous
    section: C2 parameters, cell reselection and BA table. In the idle mode,
    the mobile always prefers to remain with or move to the best serving
    cell. The best cell is decided on the basis of uplink and downlink path
    balance in the cells. This balance is calculated by GSM-defined C1
    calculations. C1 calculations force the mobile to move to the strongest
    cell. In certain cases, such as macro-micro cell architecture,
    optimization may require that in certain areas the mobile not remain in
    the best cell, but instead remain in a cell depending on traffic loading.
    C2 parameters provide the option of adding fixed positive or negative
    offsets to the C1 calculation in each cell. So, although C1 might be
    better for a neighbor cell, the application of C2 parameters could delay
    reselection. C2 parameters also allow the mobile to apply temporary
    offsets for a period known as penalty time, which helps reduce Ping-
    Pong effects.
    GSM
    What is PENALTY TIME ?
    A mobile does a cell selection when it turns on or comes out
    of a coverage area.When the mobile has successfully
    camped onto a cell, it monitors the neighbor cell’s ARFCN
    (per the BA table, described below) and does C1 and/or C2
    calculations for each of the neighbor and serving cell
    ARFCNs at regular intervals. C1 and C2 calculations inform
    the mobile of the uplink and downlink path balance in the
    cell, allowing it to select or reject the cell. Once the mobile
    finds a neighbor cell’s C1 and/or C2 (since C2 is optional)
    better than the C1 and/or C2 of the serving cell, it switches to
    the neighbor cell. This process of switching to another cell in
    the idle mode is known as cell reselection. Cell reselection is
    completely controlled by the mobile. The equivalent of cell
    reselection in the dedicated mode is handover, which is
    controlled by the network.
    GSM
    What is PENALTY TIME ?
    In the idle mode, a test mobile only reports RXLEV, so any downlink interference
    (which may eventually deteriorate quality) will be ignored. The mobile will be
    affected by a downlink interference problem in the idle mode by means of a
    GSM-defined process called Downlink Signaling Failure, which is based on the
    decoding of paging messages. The phone’s Downlink Signaling Counter (DSC) is
    initialized to the integer that is nearest to the value of 90/BS_PA_MFRMS when
    the mobile camps onto a cell. This counter decrements by 4 when a mobile is not
    able to decode a paging message, and increments by 1 when a mobile
    successfully decodes the message. Once the DSC reaches a value of
    zero, a radio link failure is declared and the mobile does a cell reselection.
    BS_PA_MFRMS can have a value in the range of 1 to 9 multiframes, so the DSC
    will range between 45 and 10. This means that, at a spot with particularly bad
    quality, for the low value of BS_PA_MFRMS, the mobile will need 45 bad messages
    to declare a failure. For the high value, it will need 10 bad messages to
    declare a failure, so in the worst case it will take 90 multiframes (21 s) to declare
    a failure. A phone-only drive-test system in the idle mode can only experience
    reselections at minimum intervals of 21 s. The only way to get a faster indication
    of poor quality is to set up a call and monitor the RXQUAL. If a mobile performs
    too many cell re-selections, it may miss paging messages.
    GSM
    What is PENALTY TIME ?
    The GSM receiver, which measures the BER on the
    Traffic Synch Channel (TSC) in the idle mode for the
    server and also any number of ARFCNs, provides a
    real-time continuous picture of the BER in the idle
    mode. This BER can be easily linked to the DSC.
    With this information available to us, we can also
    locate the cause of this BER by using the
    interference analyzer feature of the receiver. This will
    help us locate cells with interference problems in the
    idle mode, and then for those cells where actions
    cannot be taken immediately, we can adjust the C1
    and C2 parameters to set prioritization of the cells
    for reselection.
    GSM
    What is PENALTY TIME ?
    THE END

    K S MADANPURI

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