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Biomolecules For Peac 2019

1. The document discusses the four main categories of biomolecules - carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. 2. It explains that carbohydrates are made up of simple sugars like glucose, proteins are made up of amino acids, and lipids are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. 3. The document provides examples of polymers formed from monomers, such as starch and cellulose from simple sugars, and DNA and RNA from nucleotides.

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53 views30 pages

Biomolecules For Peac 2019

1. The document discusses the four main categories of biomolecules - carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. 2. It explains that carbohydrates are made up of simple sugars like glucose, proteins are made up of amino acids, and lipids are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. 3. The document provides examples of polymers formed from monomers, such as starch and cellulose from simple sugars, and DNA and RNA from nucleotides.

Uploaded by

angel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

biomolecules
The Building Blocks of Life

Prepared By: Pedelou A. Dulnuan


LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. Determine biomolecules.
2. Distinguish between carbohydrates, proteins ,
lipids , and nucleic acids.
3. Characteristics and molecular structures of
biomolecules.
4. Importance of biomolecules.
WHAT ARE BIOMOLECULES?

“complex organic
molecules which form the
basis of life”
WHAT ARE BIOMOLECULES?

There are 4 categories of macromolecules:


•Carbohydrates
•Proteins,
•Lipids,
•and Nucleic acids
A
1._______________________

B
2._______________________

C
carbohydrates

Nucleic acids
Proteins

Fatty acids
Carbon is the central element

• All biomolecules contain a Carbon chain or ring


• Carbon has 4 outer shell electrons (valence = 4)
• Therefore it’s bonding capacity is great
• It forms covalent bonds –hence, has strong bonds
• Once bound to other elements (or to other Carbons), it is
very stable
carbohydrates

• Simple sugars, such as glucose, are the monomers of


complex carbohydrates.

• Simple sugars, such as glucose, are the


monomers of complex carbohydrates.
Monomers
• Simple sugars, such as glucose, LINEAR STRUCTURE

is an example monomer of
complex carbohydrates.

• Label a hydrogen group and


hydroxyl group on the glucose
diagram. What are some
properties of these groups?

RING STRUCTURE
What is similar about these four simple sugars?

A B
glucose fructose sucroses

MONOSACCHARIDES DISACCHARIDES

What is the scientific term for a pair of monomers linked


together?
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

HOW ARE DISACCHARIDES/ POLYMERS FORMED?


HOW ARE MONOMERS FORMED?
What do you see in the structure of cellulose that tells you that it is
a carbohydrate?
Cellulose vs. Starch

• We can digest starch (amylose) but not cellulose.


• What difference do you see that might be the reason behind this?
A C

B D
Nucleic acids

• Nucleotides link together to form nucleic acids. The


sugars bind to the phosphate groups to form the
backbone of the chain.
Proteins

• Amino acids are the monomers of


proteins.
Fatty acids

• Fatty acids are long chain carboxylic


acids that are insoluble in water.
Try to fill in this table from memory:

Monomers Polymers Examples

Complex Starch, Cellulose,


Simple sugars
Carbohydrates etc.

Hemoglobin,
Amino acids Proteins Keratin, etc.

Fats, waxes, oils,


Fatty acids & glycerol Lipids steroids.

Nucleotide DNA, RNA


Nucleic Acids

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