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Wave Guides

This document discusses different types of waveguides, including their modes of propagation and applications. It covers: - General solutions for TEM, TE, and TM waves in waveguides and the concept of cut-off frequency. - Rectangular waveguides which support TE and TM modes. The cut-off frequency for a TE mode in a rectangular waveguide is defined. - Applications of waveguides including television/satellite broadcast, high frequency signal transmission with low loss, and ability to handle high power.

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Vijay Reddy
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667 views29 pages

Wave Guides

This document discusses different types of waveguides, including their modes of propagation and applications. It covers: - General solutions for TEM, TE, and TM waves in waveguides and the concept of cut-off frequency. - Rectangular waveguides which support TE and TM modes. The cut-off frequency for a TE mode in a rectangular waveguide is defined. - Applications of waveguides including television/satellite broadcast, high frequency signal transmission with low loss, and ability to handle high power.

Uploaded by

Vijay Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 5: Waveguides

 General Solutions for TEM, TE and TM waves


 Parallel Plate waveguide,
 Rectangular waveguide – TE, TM modes
 Power transmission, Losses in rectangular waveguide

excitation of modes
 Circular Waveguide – TE, TM modes, Power Transmission
 Dielectric Fiber and Rod Wave guide.
 Waveguide Coupling, Attenuation Factor and Q of
Waveguide
 coaxial lines
 TEM and higher order modes
Application of waveguide
Has a single hollow metal pipe
 Can propagate a signal only at high frequency
 Immune to interference
 Can handle large amounts of power
 Has low loss (compared with a transmission line)
 modes of propagation TEM, TE, TM

Television broadcast
and satellite
Some applications

Waveguide transmission line for feeding antenna


Wave guide Uses
• To reduce attenuation loss
– High frequencies
– High power

• Can operate only above certain frequencies


– Acts as a High-pass filter
Modes in waveguide
When an electromagnetic wave propagates down a hollow tube, only
one of the fields -- either electric or magnetic -- will actually be
transverse to the wave's direction of travel. The other field will “loop”
longitudinally to the direction of travel, but still be perpendicular to the
other field. Whichever field remains transverse to the direction of travel
determines whether the wave propagates in TE mode (Transverse
Electric) or TM (Transverse Magnetic) mode.
TE mode TM mode
GENERAL SOLUTIONS FOR
TEM, TE, AND TM WAVES
General solutions:
Cut-off frequency
TEM modes
Transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waves are characterized by Ez = Hz =
0. when we put the value in general solution for Hx, Hy, Ex, Ey we find
that there does not exists transverse component.

apply the condition that Ez = Hz = 0. latter applying the conditions for

is thus zero for TEM waves

Which implies there is no cut-off frequency for TEM modes


TE Waves:
 Transverse electric (TE) waves, (also referred to as H-
waves) are characterized by Ez = 0 and Hz ≠ 0. The
general solutions will be

kc = 2a (a is the broadside dimension)


TM Waves:
 Transverse electric (TE) waves, (also referred to as H-
waves) are characterized by Ez ≠ 0 and Hz = 0. The
general solutions will be

kc = 2a (a is the broadside dimension)


Attenuation Due to Dielectric Loss
 Attenuation in a transmission line or waveguide can be caused by
either dielectric loss or conductor loss.

It can also be used for TEM lines, where kc = 0, by letting β = k


RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE
Rectangular waveguides were one of the earliest
types of transmission lines used to transport
microwave signals, and they are still used for
many applications
.Alarge variety of components such as couplers,
detectors, isolators, attenuators, and slotted lines
are commercially available for various standard
waveguide bands from 1 to 220 GHz. High-
power systems, millimeter wave applications,
satellite systems are there applications
TE Modes
 Thegeometry of a rectangular waveguide is shown in
Figure, where it is assumed that the guide is filled with a
material of permittivity and permeability μ. It is
standard convention to have the longest side of the
waveguide along the x-axis, so that a > b.
Rectangular TE modes
 TEwaveguide modes are characterized by fields with
Ez = 0, while Hz must satisfy the reduced wave equation
of

By separation of variables
hz(x, y) = X(x)Y (y)
and substituting into below equation

By differentiating and dividing by a term XY we get

Thus can be separated as


apply the boundary conditions

And considering

We get

where Amn is an arbitrary amplitude constant composed of the remaining


constants A and C
Cut-off frequecny:
Kc =

Cut-off frequency:

The waveguide therefore operates as a high-pass filter. The cutoff


frequency is obtained as
Exercise 1
Pictorial representation of modes

3D
TE amd TM modes in wave guides

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