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Direct-Current Circuit

wala lang

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Vince Ginno Daywan
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26 views21 pages

Direct-Current Circuit

wala lang

Uploaded by

Vince Ginno Daywan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIRECT-CURRENT CIRCUIT

RESISTOR IN SERIES AND IN PARALLEL


ELECTRIC CIRCUIT-THE PATH WHICH AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
FLOWS.
Series Circuit

In this circuit, the lamps are in series.If one of


the lamps is removed from the circuit, the other
lamp would not glow.The vacant space left by
the first lamp becomes a gap in the current.The
path for the flow of charges would no longer be
complete and there would be no current.
Series Circuit
Parallel Circuit

As the electrons reach point N, they divide between


the two branches of the circuit until they rewach
point M where they join together again.The current
in the main circuit is the sum of the currents in the
separate branches.When one of the two lamps is
removed, the other lamp would still glow because
the circuit is still complete for the lamp.Parallel
circuits are used in electrical wirings of houses.This is
because different appliances and lamps have
different current requirements.
Parallel Circuit
Resistor

A resistor is a devices used to introduce


resistance into an electric circuit .Resistor are
commonly made of nichome wire.They are used
to reduce the current in a circuit. These are
called fixed resistors.Resistors can also be used
to vary the currrent in a circuit.These are called
Rheostarts or Variable resistors
Resistor
Resistors in Series

Since the resistor elements are in series, the


current I in each resistor is the same.The
potential diferrence between the ends of R1,
R2, R3 are V1, V2, V3 respectively.

V1=IR1; V2= IR2; V3=IR3


Resistors in Series

Combining the potential difference V across the


combination of the three resistor, we get

V=V1 +V2+V3
We can now substitute the values for V1 V2 and
V3

V= IR1+IR2+IR3
Resistors in Series

If we let R be the combined resistance of the


three resistor, we get V= IR. Thus,

IR=IR1+IR2+IR3
Since I is constant, it can be canceled from both
sides of the equation to give

R=R1+R2+R3
Resistors in Series
Resistor in Parallel

In the circuit shown, R1 R2 and R3 are


connected in parallel.The three resistors have
common terminals or junctions A and B.This
means that the potential difference between
junctions A and B is the same as that across
each of the three resistors.However, the current
in each path is different.Using Ohm’s law, we
can express the potential difference between A
and B to be
Resistor in Parallel

V=I1R1=I2R2=I3R3=IR
where I is combined
current and R is the combined resistance.

At point A, the current I is divided


proportionately among the three branches so
that
I=I1+I2+I3
Resistor in Parallel

Since
  I= , I1=; I2= ; I3= We can substitute these
values to the equation for I so
= ++
Since V is common to both sides of the
equation, we can cancel it to get
V()= V(++)
Resistor in Parallel

Therefore
 
=+
This means that when resistors are connected i
parrallel , the reciprocal of the combined
resistance is equal to the sum of the reciprocals
of the individual resistance.
Resistor in Parallel
Kirchoff’s Rules

Lets
  us say two non identical cells are joined in
parallel and the battery formed is connected to
an external resistance. The circuit becomes
complicated. For more complicated networks,
we can use a set of rules called Kirchoff’s law.
This set rules consists of two relations which
are extensions of Ohm’s law
1. At any junction, the algebraic sum of the
currents is zero, or in equation form
Kirchoff’s Rules

2.  In any closed path, the algebraic sum of the


IR drops is equal to the algebraic sum of the
EMFs, or
Kirchoff’s Rules

1.There is no accumulation of charges at any point, that is the


sum of the currents entering any junction is equal to the sum
of the currents leaving the junction.We can consider all the
currents entering a junction as positive and those leaving the
junction as negative.
2. In applying the second rule, one has to go in the same
direction along the closed path until one returns to the same
point. The product IR is positive if one is going in direction of
the convetional current,if one is going in the opposite
direction of the conventional current, IR is negative. The
direction of the EMF is considered if the source is acting alone;
it would send a current in the same direction as the positive
current in the external circuit.In other words, the sum of the
potenital drops is equal to the sum of the potential rises
Kirchoff’s Rules

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