A CAN Protocol Based Embedded System To

Avoid Rear-End Collision Of Vehicles

 Abstract

• The main object of the development to avoid the Collision warning is

emerging automotive safety technologies that assist drivers in avoiding
rear-end collisions.

• The function is to permit the driving force enough time to avoid the crash
and yet avoid annoying the driving force with alerts perceived as occurring
too early or unnecessary.

• The aim of this paper was to research the driving force’s behavior so as to
define effective driver assistance systems that will be readily accepted by
the driver.
• Four different driving traffic conditions were implemented.

• The info recorded during the tests was analyzed to assess the security distances
required by the driving force during a car-following situation.

• In this, we have used the sensor to sense the temperature, gas, vibration, and axis of
the vehicle, and then the information is transmitted to the receiver through can
protocol if there are any abnormal conditions the breaking unit will initiating on the
time.

• So here we are avoiding road accidents using this development.

 Introduction
• In most rear-end collision accidents that happen in India, a shunt
occurs when a vehicle crashes into the one ahead of it.

• The common factors contributing to rear-end collisions include

driver inattention or distraction, tailgating, panic stops, and
reduced traction due to wet weather or worn pavement.

• The Indian says that over 1.51 lakh people died in road accidents.

• Consistent with the National Highway Safety Administration, rear-

end collisions account for less than 6% of fatal automobile crashes.
• However, they account for 28% of all automobile accidents,
making them one of the foremost frequent sorts of automobile
accidents within India.

• To avoid the rear-end collision accident we developed the can

controller-based Rear-End Collision Avoiding based on can
protocol using the embedded system in Vehicles.

• In this, we have used the sensor to sense the temperature, gas,

vibration, and axis of the vehicle, and then the information is
transmitted to the receiver through can protocol if there are any
abnormal conditions the breaking unit will initiating on the time.

• So here we are avoiding road accidents using this development .

 Existing System
• Manual operation
• Monitoring depends on the driver
• Less Alert system
• Unsafe for others
 Proposed System

• Along with ARM controller to monitor and diagnose the problems in the
vehicle.
 Block Diagram
Temperature
Actuator (break)
sensor
unit
Gas sensor
ARM 7 CAN Controller
Vibration sensor (LPC21`48) MCP2515

MEMS sensor
CAN transceiver
MCP2551

CAN transceiver LCD Display

MCP2551 
ARM 7 Alarm
(LPC21`48)
CAN Controller
MCP2515 
• The system consists of a microcontroller, CAN controller, and parameters of the vehicle.

• The microcontroller is the key element in the processing module which keeps on monitors the vehicle
parameters.

• In the vehicle temperature sensor, MEMS sensor and are connected to monitor the physical parameter of
the vehicle.

• CAN controller is used to communicating between the wind turbine and the database.

• For every particular amount of time, the microcontroller pre-processes sensed data and it will update the
parameter values to the central database.

• RS232 cable is used for serial communication between the PC and the microcontroller.

• CAN interface module is used to communicate the monitored parameters between the vehicle and the
control center.

• The CAN interface module consists of three components CAN Transceiver (MCP 2551), CAN Controller
(MCP 2515).

• CAN transceiver is used to shift the voltage levels of the microcontroller to those appropriate for the CAN
bus.
 Hardware
• ARM  LPC2148
• MEMS Accelerometer
• Vibration
• Temperature  sensor
• Gas sensor
• CAN controller MCP2515
• CAN transceiver MCP2551 
• LCD Display
• Buzzer
• Breaking unit
 Software
• Compiler(KEIL IDE)
• Orcad design
• Programmers(Flash Magic)
• Languages: Embedded C
 Applications
• Electrical applications
• Industrial applications
• RTOS applications
 Advantages
• Automatic operation
• Safety concerns for others
• Continuously monitor with sensors
• High alert system
 Module of the project
1. ARM7 LPC2148 (Microcontroller)
• The LPC2141/42/44/46/48 microcontrollers are based on a 16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with
real-time emulation and embedded trace support, that combine the microcontroller with embedded
high-speed flash memory ranging from 32 kB to 512 kB.

• A 128-bit wide memory interface and a unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution
at the maximum clock rate.

• For critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb mode reduces code by more than 30
% with minimal performance penalty. Due to their tiny size and low power consumption,
LPC2141/42/44/46/48 are ideal for applications where miniaturization is a key requirement, such as
access control and point-of-sale.

• Serial communications interfaces ranging from a USB 2.0 Full-speed device, multiple UARTs, SPI,
SSP to I2C-bus and on-chip SRAM of 8 kB up to 40 kB, make these devices very well suited for
communication gateways and protocol converters, soft modems, voice recognition and low end
imaging, providing both large buffer size and high processing power.

• Various 32-bit timers, single or dual 10-bit ADC(s), 10-bit DAC, PWM channels and 45 fast GPIO
lines with up to nine edge or level sensitive external interrupt pins make these microcontrollers
suitable for industrial control and medical systems.
2. CAN Controller MCP251
 Description
• Microchip Technology’s MCP2515 is a stand-alone Controller Area
Network (CAN) controller that implements the CAN specification, Version
2.0B.

• It is capable of transmitting and receiving both standard and extended data

and remote frames.

• The MCP2515 has two acceptance masks and six acceptance filters that are
used to filter out unwanted messages, thereby reducing the host MCU’s
overhead.

• The MCP2515 interfaces with microcontrollers (MCUs) via an industry

standard Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI).
3. CAN transceiver/receiver MCP2551

• The MCP2551 is a high-speed CAN transceiver, fault-tolerant device that

serves as the interface between a CAN protocol controller and the physical
bus.

• The MCP2551 provides differential transmit and receive capability for the
CAN protocol controller and is fully compatible with the ISO-11898
standard, including 24V requirements.

• It will operate at speeds of up to 1 Mb/s.

4. LCD Display 20*4

• This 20x4 Character LCD Display is built-in with RW1063 controller IC which are
6800, 4 line SPI or I2C interface options.

• The WH2004G 20x4 LCD Display have the same AA size and pin assignment as
existing WH2004A and WH2004B character LCD modules but with smaller outline
and VA size.
5. LM35 Temperature

• The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly
proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature.

• The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in ˚ Kelvin, as the user is
not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling.

• The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±1⁄4˚C
at room temperature and ±3⁄4˚C over a full −55 to +150˚C temperature range.
• Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35’s low output impedance, linear
output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy.

• It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 µA from its
supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1˚C in still air.

• The LM35 is rated to operate over a −55˚ to +150˚C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a −40˚
to +110˚C range (−10˚ with improved accuracy).

• The LM35 series is available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA,
and LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package.

• The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package and a plastic TO-220 package.
6. GAS sensor

• This is a simple-to-use MQ-6 Liquefied Petroleum Isobutene Propane Gas Sensor module,
suitable for sensing LPG (composed of mostly propane and butane) concentrations in the air.

• The MQ-6 can detect gas concentrations anywhere from 200 to 10000ppm.

• This sensor has a high sensitivity and fast response time.

• The sensor’s output is an analog resistance. The drive circuit is very simple; all you need to do
is power the heater coil with 5V, add a load resistance, and connect the output to an ADC.
• Sensitive material of MQ-6 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in
clean air.

• When the target combustible gas exists, The sensor’s conductivity is higher along
with the gas concentration rising.

• Please use simple electro circuit, Convert change of conductivity to the

corresponding output signal of gas concentration.

• MQ-6 gas sensor has high sensitivity to Propane, Butane, and LPG, also the
response to Natural gas.

• The sensor could be used to detect different combustible gas, especially Methane, it
is with low cost and suitable for different application.
7. Vibration Sensor

• A piezoelectric sensor converts physical parameters - for example, acceleration,

strain or pressure into an electrical charge which can then be measured.
• They are highly sensitive and very small in size making them well suited to
everyday objects.
8. MEMS Sensor

• Accelerometer is an electromechanical device that measures the force of

acceleration due to gravity in g unit.

• It can be used in applications requiring tilt sensing.

• The ADXL335 measures acceleration along X, Y and Z axes and gives

analog voltage output proportional to the acceleration along these 3 axes.

• Microcontrollers can process these voltages by converting them to digital

signals using ADC.
 Scope of the project
To take decision and automatically control the motion of the
following vehicle, a collision avoidance system consisting of
microcontroller is implemented that warns the drier using a
buzzer and messages the active and passive safety
mechanisms to be activated using CAN protocol and takes
control decisions according to an algorithm designed to handle
the situation.
 Excepted project output
• In this project we are getting the ADC output form the sensors and then
we are transmitting the data to the receiver side with help of CAN
controller.
• After receiving the sensor information are using to predict the value’s if
any abnormal value the buzzer will blow and LCD display was shown the
sensor values
Thank You