SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

(SIMATS)

Unit 5
Turbines
1. Specific speed of a turbine is defined as the speed of
the turbine which

a) produces unit power at unit head

b) produces unit horse power at unit discharge
c) delivers unit discharge at unit head
d) delivers unit discharge at unit power
2. A turbine is a device which converts

a) hydraulic energy into mechanical energy

b) mechanical energy in to hydraulic energy
c) kinetic energy into mechanical energy
d) electrical energy into mechanical energy
3. Hydraulic efficiency of a turbine is defined as the ratio of

a) power available at the inlet of turbine to power given by to the

runner
b) power at the shaft of the turbine to power given by water by to
the runner
c) power at the shaft of the turbine to power at the inlet of turbine
d) power delivered to runner and power supplied at inlet of turbine.
4. Mechanical efficiency of a turbine is the ratio of

a) power at the inlet to the power at the shaft of turbine

b) power at the shaft to the power given to the runner
c) power at the shaft to the power at the inlet of turbine
d) None of the options given
5. The overall efficiency of a turbine is the ratio

a) power at the inlet of turbine to the power at the shaft

b) power at the shaft to the power given to the runner
c) power at the shaft to the power at the inlet of Turbine
d) None of the options given
6. A turbine is called impulse if the inlet of the turbine

a) total energy is only kinetic energy

b) total energy is only pressure energy
c) total energy is the sum of kinetic energy and pressure
energy
d) None of the options given
7. Francis turbine is

a) an impulse turbine
b) a radial flow impulse turbine
c) an axial flow turbine
d) a reaction radial flow turbine.
8. Kaplan turbine is

a) an impulse turbine
b) a radial flow impulse turbine
c) an axial flow reaction turbine
d) a radial flow reaction turbine
9. Jet ratio (m) is defined as the ratio of
a) diameter of jet of water to diameter of pelton wheel
b) velocity of vane to the velocity of jet of water
c) velocity of flow of the velocity of jet of water
d) diameter of pelton wheel to diameter of jet of water
10. Main characteristic curves of a turbine means

a) curves at constant speed

b) curves at constant efficiency
c) curves at constant head
d) None of the options given
11. Kaplan turbine is a propeller turbine in which the vane
fixed on the hub are

a) Non-adjustable
b) adjustable
c) fixed
d) None of the options given
12. If the head on the turbine is more than 300m the type of
turbine used should be

a) Kaplan
b) Francis
c) Pelton
d) propeller
13. If the specific speed of a turbine is more than 300, the
type of turbine is

a) Pelton
b) Kaplan
c) Francis
d) Pelton with more jets
14. Run-away speed of a Pelton wheel means

a) full load speed

b) no load speed
c) no load speed with no governor mechanism
d) None of the options given
15. For low head and high discharge the suitable turbine is

a) Pelton
b) Francis
c) Kaplan
d) None of the options given
16. For high head and low discharge the suitable turbine
is

a) Pelton
b) Francis
c) Kaplan
d) None of the options given
17. Francis turbine is typically used for which of the
following values of available heads

a) 300 m
b) 100 m
c) 30 m
d) 5 m
18. The flow rate of the water flow in a Francis turbine is
increased by 50% keeping all the other parameters same.
The work done by the turbine changes by?

a) 50% increase
b) 25% increase
c) 100% increase
d) 150% increase
19. Draft tube is also called

a) Straight divergent tube

b) Simple elbow tube
c) Thermal tube
d) Elbow tube with varying cross section
20. A draft tube helps in converting kinetic energy into

a) Electrical work
b) Mechanical work
c) Chemical work
d) Thermal work
Determine the dimensions of the following quantities ( 1 marks)

(i) Discharge,

(ii) Force

(iii) Velocity

(iv) mass flow rate

(v) Volume
Write down the dimensions for the following ( 1 mark each)

Discharge
Velocity
Energy
Accleration
2. Froudes number is defined as the ratio of

a) inertia force to viscous force

b) inertia force to gravity force
c) inertia force to elastic force
d) inertia force to pressure force

Answer :b
3. Mach number is defined as the ratio of

a) inertia force to viscous force

b) viscous force to surface tension force
c) viscous force to elastic force
d) inertia force to elastic force

Answer: d
4. Eulers number is the ratio of

a) inertia force to pressure force

b) inertia force to elastic force
c) inertia force to gravity force
d) None of the options given

Answer :a
5. The total energy line lies over the hydraulic gradient line by an amount equal to the

a) pressure head
b) velocity head
c) pressure head + velocity head
d) pressure head - velocity head

Answer : b
6. The boundary layer separation takes place if

a) pressure gradient is zero

b) pressure gradient is positive
c) pressure grad force is defined as the force exerted by a flient is negative
d) None of the options given

Answer : b
7. The maximum efficiency of transmission through a pipe is

a) 50%
b) 56.70%
c) 66.67%
d) 76.66%

Answer :c
8. The total energy line lies over the centre line of the pipe by an amount equal
to

a) pressure head
b) velocity head
c) pressure head + velocity head
d) pressure head - velocity head

Answer : c
9. The factional resistance of a pipe varies approximately
with __________ of the liquid

a) pressure
b) velocity
c) square of velocity
d) cube of velocity

Answer : c
10. What are the reasons for minor head loses in a pipe

a) Friction
b) Heat
c) Valves and bends
d) Temperature

Answer : c
11. An orifice is known as large orifice when the head of liquid from the center
of orifice is

a) more than 10 times the depth of orifice

b) less than 10 times the depth of orifice
c) less than 5 times the depth of orifice
d). None of the options given

Answer :c
12. Which mouthpiece is having maximum co-efficient of discharge

a) external mouthpiece
b) convergent – divergent mouthpiece
c) internal mouthpiece
d) None of the options given

Answer :b
13. The co-efficient of discharge

a) for an orifice is more than that for a mouthpiece

b) for internal mouthpiece is more than that for external mouthpiece
c) for a mouthpiece is more than that for an orifice
d) None of the options given

Answer :c
14. A flow is said to be laminar when

a) the fluid particles moves in a zig-zag way

b) the Reynold number is high
c) the fluid particles moves in layers to the boundary
d) None of the options given

Answer: c
15. The loss of pressure head for the laminar flow through pipes varies

a) as the square of velocity

b) directly as the velocity
c) as the inverse of the velocity
d) None of the options given

Answer :b
16. For the laminar flow through a pipe the shear stress over the cross-
section

a) varies inversely as the distance from the center of the pipe

b) varies directly as the distance from the surface of the pipe
c) varies directly as the distance from the center of the pipe
d) remains constant over the cross-section

Answer :c
17. The value of the kinetic energy correction factor for the viscous flow
through a circular pipe is

a) 1.33
b) 1.5
c) 2
d) 1.25

Answer :c
18. The value of the momentum correction factor for the viscous flow through a
circular pipe is

a) 1.33
b) 1.5
c) 2
d) 1.25

Answer : a
19. Hydraulic gradient line represents the sum of

a) pressure head and kinetic head

b) kinetic head and datum head
c) pressure head kinetic head and datum head
d) pressure head and datum head

Answer :d
20. Total energy represents the sum of

a) pressure head and kinetic head

b) kinetic head and datum head
c) pressure head datum head
d) pressure head kinetic head and datum head

Answer :d
1. Reynolds number is defined as the

a) ratio of inertia force to gravity force

b) ratio of viscous force to gravity
c) ratio of viscous force to elastic force
d) ratio of inertia force to viscous force

Answer :d
2. Froudes number is defined as the ratio of

a) inertia force to viscous force

b) inertia force to gravity force
c) inertia force to elastic force
d) inertia force to pressure force

Answer :b
3. Mach number is defined as the ratio of

a) inertia force to viscous force

b) viscous force to surface tension force
c) viscous force to elastic force
d) inertia force to elastic force

Answer: d
4. Eulers number is the ratio of

a) inertia force to pressure force

b) inertia force to elastic force
c) inertia force to gravity force
d) None of the options given

Answer :a
5. The total energy line lies over the hydraulic gradient line by an amount equal to the

a) pressure head
b) velocity head
c) pressure head + velocity head
d) pressure head - velocity head

Answer : b
6. The boundary layer separation takes place if

a) pressure gradient is zero

b) pressure gradient is positive
c) pressure grad force is defined as the force exerted by a flient is negative
d) None of the options given

Answer : b
7. The maximum efficiency of transmission through a pipe is

a) 50%
b) 56.70%
c) 66.67%
d) 76.66%

Answer :c
8. The total energy line lies over the centre line of the pipe by an amount equal
to

a) pressure head
b) velocity head
c) pressure head + velocity head
d) pressure head - velocity head

Answer : c
9. The factional resistance of a pipe varies approximately
with __________ of the liquid

a) pressure
b) velocity
c) square of velocity
d) cube of velocity

Answer : c
10. What are the reasons for minor head loses in a pipe

a) Friction
b) Heat
c) Valves and bends
d) Temperature

Answer : c
11. An orifice is known as large orifice when the head of liquid from the center
of orifice is

a) more than 10 times the depth of orifice

b) less than 10 times the depth of orifice
c) less than 5 times the depth of orifice
d). None of the options given

Answer :c
12. Which mouthpiece is having maximum co-efficient of discharge

a) external mouthpiece
b) convergent – divergent mouthpiece
c) internal mouthpiece
d) None of the options given

Answer :b
13. The co-efficient of discharge

a) for an orifice is more than that for a mouthpiece

b) for internal mouthpiece is more than that for external mouthpiece
c) for a mouthpiece is more than that for an orifice
d) None of the options given

Answer :c
14. A flow is said to be laminar when

a) the fluid particles moves in a zig-zag way

b) the Reynold number is high
c) the fluid particles moves in layers to the boundary
d) None of the options given

Answer: c
15. The loss of pressure head for the laminar flow through pipes varies

a) as the square of velocity

b) directly as the velocity
c) as the inverse of the velocity
d) None of the options given

Answer :b
16. For the laminar flow through a pipe the shear stress over the cross-
section

a) varies inversely as the distance from the center of the pipe

b) varies directly as the distance from the surface of the pipe
c) varies directly as the distance from the center of the pipe
d) remains constant over the cross-section

Answer :c
17. The value of the kinetic energy correction factor for the viscous flow
through a circular pipe is

a) 1.33
b) 1.5
c) 2
d) 1.25

Answer :c
18. The value of the momentum correction factor for the viscous flow through a
circular pipe is

a) 1.33
b) 1.5
c) 2
d) 1.25

Answer : a
19. Hydraulic gradient line represents the sum of

a) pressure head and kinetic head

b) kinetic head and datum head
c) pressure head kinetic head and datum head
d) pressure head and datum head

Answer :d
20. Total energy represents the sum of

a) pressure head and kinetic head

b) kinetic head and datum head
c) pressure head datum head
d) pressure head kinetic head and datum head

Answer :d
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

2 Marks

Define the term “ Dimensional Homogeneity”

 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

2 Marks

Define the term “ Dimensional Homogeneity”

• The dimensional homogeneity means that the combinations

of dimensions assigned to each variable are consistent with both
sides of the equation.
• Buckingham's theorem states that “if an equation is
dimensionally homogeneous, it can be reduced to a relationship
among a complete set of dimensionless product”
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

2 Marks

Define Reynolds number

 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

2 Marks

Define Reynolds number

• Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity that is used to

determine the type of flow pattern as laminar or turbulent while
flowing through a pipe.
• Reynolds number is defined by the ratio of inertial forces to that
of viscous forces.
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

2 Marks

Compare “model” with “prototype”

 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

2 Marks
Compare “model” with “prototype”
Model-
1. Not necessarily functional (don't need to work).
2. Used for Display and Demonstration of product.
3.Relatively cheap to manufacture.
Prototype-
1. Is fully functional, but not fault-proof.
2. Used for performance evaluation and further improvement of product.
3. Is relatively expensive to produce.
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

2 Marks

State the types of similarities used in model analysis

 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

2 Marks

State the types of similarities used in model analysis

It is common to differentiate between three kinds of similarities:

• Geometric
• Kinetics
• Dynamic
SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)
SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

6 Marks

Determine the dimensions of the following quantities (i)

Discharge, (ii) Force (iii) Velocity (iv) mass flow rate (v) Volume

(vi) Density
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

6 Marks
Determine the dimensions of the following quantities

(i) Discharge - M0L3T-1

(ii) Force -MLT–2

(iii) Velocity -LT–1

(iv) mass flow rate -MT–1

(v) Volume - L3
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

6 Marks

Define

(i) Reynolds Number

(ii) Mach Number

(iii) Froude number

 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

6 Marks
(i) Reynolds Number
• Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity that is used to
determine the type of flow pattern as laminar or turbulent
while flowing through a pipe.
• Reynolds number is defined by the ratio of inertial forces to
that of viscous forces.
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

6 Marks
(ii) Mach Number
The Mach number is the ratio of flow velocity after a certain
limit of the sounds speed. In simple words, it is the ratio of the
speed of a body to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium.

M = u/c
Where,
The Mach number is M
Based on the limits the local flow velocity is u
The speed of sound in that medium is c
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

6 Marks
(ii) Mach Number
The Mach number is the ratio of flow velocity after a certain
limit of the sounds speed. In simple words, it is the ratio of the
speed of a body to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium.

M = u/c
Where,
The Mach number is M
Based on the limits the local flow velocity is u
The speed of sound in that medium is c
 SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)

6 Marks
(iii) Froude number
• The Froude number is ratio of characteristic velocity to the
gravity wave velocity.
• It is used to determine the resistance of a partially moving body
 that is immersed in water.

Where,
Froude number is Fr
Velocity is v
characteristic wave velocity is c,
SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)
Question - 10 marks
BUCKINGHAM’S ∏ THEOREM
BUCKINGHAM’S ∏ THEOREM

85
– PROCEDURE (EXAMPLE)
BUCKINGHAM’S ∏ THEOREM
– PROCEDURE (EXAMPLE)
BUCKINGHAM’S ∏ THEOREM

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– PROCEDURE (EXAMPLE)
BUCKINGHAM’S ∏ THEOREM

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– PROCEDURE (EXAMPLE)
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BUCKINGHAM’S ∏ THEOREM

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– PROCEDURE (EXAMPLE)
BUCKINGHAM’S ∏ THEOREM

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– PROCEDURE (EXAMPLE)
BUCKINGHAM’S ∏ THEOREM

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– PROCEDURE (EXAMPLE)
93
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Question - 4
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Question - 4
SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)
Question - 4
SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)
Question - 4
SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
(SIMATS)
Question - 4