Classification

Of
DC Generator
By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)
 Classification of DC Generator
DC
Generator

Separately Self
Excited Excited
DC Generator DC Generator

DC Shunt DC Series DC
Generator Generator Compound
Generator

Short Long
Shunt Shunt
By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)
Separately Excited DC Generator
These are the generators whose field magnets
are energized by some external dc source such
as battery.
A circuit diagram of separately excited dc
generator is shown in figure.
Ia = Armature current
IL = Load current
V = Terminal voltage
Eg = Generated emf
By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)
Separately Excited DC Generator
Here armature current Ia is equal to load current IL.
So, Ia= IL
Then, IL=I (say)
Voltage across the load, V = Eg -(Ia×Ra)
Power generated, Pg  = Eg×I
Power delivered to the load, PL  = V×I

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

Self Excited DC Generator
These are the generators whose field magnets
are energized by the current supplied by
themselves. In these type of machines field coils
are internally connected with the armature. Due
to residual magnetism some flux is always
present in the poles. When the armature is
rotated some emf is induced. Hence some
induced current is produced.

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

Self Excited DC Generator
According to the position of the field coils
the Self-excited DC generators may be classified
as…
1. Series wound generators
2. Shunt wound generators
3. Compound wound generators

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

Self Excited DC Generator
Series Wound Generator

In these type of generators, the field

windings are connected in series with armature
conductors. So, whole electric current flows
through the field coils as well as the load. As
series field winding carries full load current it is
designed with relatively few turns of thick wire.
The electrical resistance of series field winding
is therefore very low (nearly 0.5Ω ).
By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)
 Self Excited DC Generator
Let,
Rse = Series winding resistance
Ise = Current flowing through the series
field
Ra = Armature resistance
Ia = Armature current
IL = Load current
V = Terminal voltage
Eg = Generated emf
By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)
Self Excited DC Generator
Then,
Ia = Ise = IL=I (say)
Voltage across the load, V = Eg -Ia(Ra+Rse)
Power generated, Pg  = Eg×I
Power delivered to the load, PL  = V×I

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

Self Excited DC Generator
Shunt Wound Generator

In these type of DC generators the field

windings are connected in parallel with
armature conductors.
In shunt wound generators the voltage in the
field winding is same as the voltage across the
terminal.

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

Self Excited DC Generator
Shunt Wound Generator

The effective power across the load will be

maximum when IL will be maximum. So, it is
required to keep shunt field current as small as
possible. For this purpose the resistance of the
shunt field winding generally kept high (100 Ω)
and large no of turns are used for the desired
emf.

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

Self Excited DC Generator
Shunt Wound Generator

Rsh = Shunt winding  resistance

Ish = Current flowing through the shunt field
Ra = Armature  resistance
Ia = Armature current
IL = Load current
V = Terminal voltage
Eg = Generated emf
By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)
Self Excited DC Generator
Shunt Wound Generator

Here armature current Ia is dividing in two parts, one

is shunt field current Ish and another is load current IL.
So, Ia=Ish + IL
Then, IL=I (say)
Voltage across the load, V = Eg -(Ia×Ra)
Power generated, Pg  = Eg×I
Power delivered to the load, PL  = V×I

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

Self Excited DC Generator
Compound Wound Generator

Compound wound generators have both series

field winding and shunt field winding. One winding
is placed in series with the armature and the other is
placed in parallel with the armature. This type of DC
generators may be of two types-
1. Short shunt compound wound generator
2. Long shunt compound wound generator.

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

 Classification of DC Motor
DC
Motor

Separately Self
Excited Excited
DC Motor DC Motor

DC Shunt DC Series DC
Motor Motor Compound
Motor

Short Long
Shunt Shunt
By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)
Separately Excited DC Motor
These are the motors whose field magnets are
energized by some external dc source such as
battery.
A circuit diagram of separately excited dc motor
is shown in figure.
Ia = Armature current
IL = Load current
V = Terminal voltage
Eb = Back emf
By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)
Separately Excited DC Motor
Here armature current Ia is equal to load current IL. So,
Ia= IL
Then, IL=I (say)
Voltage across the load, V = Eb + (Ia×Ra)
Total i/p power, Pi   = VfIf + VtIa

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

Self Excited DC Motor
In these machines, instead of a separate
excited DC motor, the field winding is
connected across the main voltage terminals. . In
self-excited motors, the field winding can be
connected either in series or in parallel with the
armature winding. These different types of
connections give rise to very different types of
machines, as we will study in this section.

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

Self Excited DC Generator
According to the position of the field coils
the Self-excited DC motors may be classified
as…
1. Series Wound Motor
2. Shunt Wound Motor
3. Compound Wound Motor

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

Self Excited DC Generator
Shunt Wound Motor

In these type of motor, The armature and

field winding are connected in parallel and the
armature voltage and field voltage are the same.

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

 Self Excited DC Generator
Let,
Rf or Rsh= Shunt winding resistance
If or Ish= Current flowing through the shunt field
Ra = Armature resistance
Ia = Armature current
IL = Load current
V = Terminal voltage
Eb = Back emf

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

Self Excited DC Generator
Then, in case of shunt motor
IL = If + Ia
Voltage across the load, V = Eb + (Ia×Ra)
Total i/p power, Pi = Vt× IL

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

Self Excited DC Generator
Series Wound Motor

A series wound motor is also called a

universal motor. In this type of motor the field
winding and armature winding are connected in
series. The field winding carries the same
current as the armature winding.

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

Self Excited DC Generator
Series Wound Generator

Rse or Rf = Series winding  resistance

Ise = Current flowing through the series field
Ra = Armature  resistance
Ia = Armature current
IL = Load current
V = Terminal voltage
Eb = Back emf
By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)
Self Excited DC Generator
Shunt Wound Generator

Here armature current Ia is dividing in two parts, one

is shunt field current Ish and another is load current IL.
So, IL= Ise = Ia
Then, Ia = Ise = IL=I (say)
Voltage across the load, V = Eg + Ia (Ra+ Rse )
Total i/p power, Pi = Vt× IL

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)

Self Excited DC Generator
Compound Wound Motor

If both series and shunt field windings are used,

the motor is said to be compounded motor. This type
of DC motor may be of two types-
1. Cumulative compound motor
2. Differential compound. motor.

By Ashok Soni GGCT (EX Dept.)