Microsoft Official Course

Module 4

Implementing IPv4
Module Overview

Overview of TCP/IP
Understanding IPv4 Addressing
Subnetting and Supernetting
• Configuring and Troubleshooting IPv4
Lesson 1: Overview of TCP/IP

The TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Protocols in the TCP/IP Suite
TCP/IP Applications
• What Is a Socket?
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite

TCP/IP Protocol Suite

HTTP FTP SMTP

Application
DNS POP3 SNMP

Transport TCP UDP

ARP IGMP
Internet IPv4 ICMP
IPv6

Network Mobile
Ethernet Wi-Fi broadband
Interface
Protocols in the TCP/IP Suite

OSI TCP/IP TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Application HTTP DNS

Presentation Application
FTP POP3
Session
SMTP SNMP

Transport Transport TCP IGMP UDP

Network Internet ARP

IPv4 ICMP IPv6

Data Link Network Mobile

Interface Ethernet Wi-Fi
Physical broadband
TCP/IP Applications

Some common application layer protocols:

• HTTP
• HTTPS
• FTP
• RDP
• SMB
• SMTP
• POP3
What Is a Socket?

• A socket is a combination of IP address,

transport protocol, and port
TCP/IP Protocol Suite

HTTP (80) SMTP (25)

HTTPS (443) DNS (53)
POP3 (110) FTP (21)

TCP/UDP

IPv4 IPv6
Lesson 2: Understanding IPv4 Addressing

IPv4 Addressing
Public and Private IPv4 Addresses
How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to Binary
Numbers
Simple IPv4 Implementations
• More Complex IPv4 Implementations
IPv4 Addressing
An
An IPv4
IPv4 configuration
configuration identifies
identifies a
a computer
computer to
to other
other computers
computers on
on a
a network
network

IP Address Subnet 1
192.168.2.180
255.255.255.0

IP
IP Address
Address
192.168.2.181
192.168.2.181
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0

Default gateway defines

the preferred router
IP
IP Address
Address
192.168.2.182
192.168.2.182 IP
IP Address
Address
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0 192.168.1.200
192.168.1.200
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0

Dotted decimal
IP
IP Address
Address
representation
192.168.1.201
192.168.1.201
of the address 255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0 IP
and subnet mask IP Address
Address
192.168.1.202
192.168.1.202
Subnet 2 255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
Public and Private IPv4 Addresses

Public Private
• Required by devices and • Not routable on the
hosts that connect directly Internet
to the Internet • 10.0.0.0/8
• 172.16.0.0/12
• Must be globally unique • 192.168.0.0./16
• Routable on the Internet • Can be assigned locally
• Must be assigned by by organization
IANA/RIR • Must be translated to
access the Internet
How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to
Binary Numbers

8-Bit Octet
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Decimal Value
Simple IPv4 Implementations

Class A (/8) Network Host ID

Large ID
0
Network w x y z

Class B (/16) Network ID Host ID

Medium 10
Network w x y z

Class C (/24) Network ID Host ID

Small Network 110
w x y z
 More Complex IPv4 Implementations

172.16.17.1
172.16.16.0/22

172.16.17.0/24
172.16.20.0/22

172.16.16.1/20 172.16.24.0/22 172.16.17.254

172.16.18.0/24

172.16.28.0/22
Lesson 3: Subnetting and Supernetting

How Bits Are Used in a Subnet Mask or Prefix

Length
The Benefits of Using Subnetting
Calculating Subnet Addresses
Calculating Host Addresses
Discussion: Creating a Subnetting Scheme for a
New Office
• What Is Supernetting?
How Bits Are Used in a Subnet Mask or Prefix Length

Class B Address with Subnet

Number of Subnets 32
2
8
128
64
16
4
0
256

Network ID Subnet ID Host ID

1 0

Number of Hosts 16,382

32,766
1,022
2,046
4,094
8,190
510
65,534
254
254
The Benefits of Using Subnetting

When you subdivide a network into subnets, you

create a unique ID for each subnet that is derived
from the main network ID

By using subnets, you can:

• Use a single network address across multiple
locations
• Reduce network congestion by segmenting
traffic
• Increase security by using firewalls
• Overcome limitations of current technologies
Calculating Subnet Addresses

When determining subnet addresses you should:

• Choose the number of subnet bits based on the
number of subnets required
• Use 2n to determine the number of subnets
available from n bits

For five locations, the following three subnet bits

are required:
• 5 locations = 5 subnets required
• 22 = 4 subnets (not enough)
• 23 = 8 subnets
Calculating Host Addresses

When determining host addresses you should:

• Choose the number of host bits based on the
number of hosts that you require on each
subnet
• Use 2n-2 to determine the number of hosts
that are available on each subnet

For subnets with 100 hosts, seven host bits are

required:
• 26-2 = 62 hosts (not enough)
• 27-2 = 126 hosts
Discussion: Creating a Subnetting Scheme for a
New Office

• How many subnets are required?

• How many bits are required to create that
number of subnets?
• How many hosts are required on each subnet?
• How many bits are required to allow that
number of hosts?
• What is an appropriate subnet mask to meet
these needs?

20 minutes
What Is Supernetting?
• Supernetting combines multiple small networks
into a larger network
• The networks that you are combining must be
contiguous
• The following table shows an example of
supernetting two class C networks:
Network Range

192.168.00010000.00000000/24 192.168.16.0 - 192.168.16.255

192.168.00010001.00000000/24 192.168.17.0 - 192.168.17.255

192.168.00010000.00000000/23 192.168.16.0 - 192.168.17.255

Lesson 4: Configuring and Troubleshooting IPv4

Configuring IPv4 Manually

Configuring IPv4 Automatically
IPv4 Troubleshooting Tools
Using Windows PowerShell Cmdlets to
Troubleshoot IPv4
The IPv4 Troubleshooting Process
What Is Network Monitor?
• Demonstration: How to Capture and Analyze
Network Traffic by Using Network Monitor
Configuring IPv4 Manually

Example using the netsh command-line tool

Netsh interface ipv4 set address name="Local Area
Connection" source=static addr=10.10.0.10
mask=255.255.255.0 gateway=10.10.0.1

Example using PowerShell cmdlets

New-NetIPAddress –InterfaceAlias “Local Area
Connection” –IPAddress 10.10.0.10
‑PrefixLength 24 –DefaultGateway 10.10.0.1

Set-DNSClientServerAddresses –InterfaceAlias
“Local Area Connection”
–ServerAddresses 10.12.0.1,10.12.0.2
Configuring IPv4 Automatically

DHCP Server IPv4 DHCP

with Client
IPv4 Scope

An APIPA address on an interface indicates that a

DHCP server could not be contacted
Code example:
Set-NetIPInterface –InterfaceAlias "Local Area
Connection" –Dhcp Enabled
Restart-NetAdapter –Name "Local Area Connection"
IPv4 Troubleshooting Tools

Use the following tools to troubleshoot IPv4:

• Ipconfig • Netstat

• Ping • Resource Monitor

• Tracert • Windows Network
• Pathping Diagnostics
• Event Viewer
• Telnet
Using Windows PowerShell Cmdlets to
Troubleshoot IPv4

Some of the new Windows PowerShell cmdlets:

• Get-NetAdapter
• Restart-NetAdapter
• Get-NetIPInterface
• Get-NetIPAddress
• Get-NetRoute
• Get-NetConnectionProfile
• Get-DNSClientCache
• Get-DNSClientServerAddress
The IPv4 Troubleshooting Process

• Identify the scope of the problem

• Use tracert to identify the network path
between hosts
• Use ipconfig to verify the network configuration
is correct
• Use ping to see if the remote host responds
• Use an application to test the service on a
remote host
• Use ping to see if the default gateway responds
What Is Network Monitor?
Demonstration: How to Capture and Analyze
Network Traffic by Using Network Monitor

In this demonstration, you will see how to:

• Capture network traffic with Network
Monitor
• Analyze the captured network traffic
• Filter the network traffic
Lab: Implementing IPv4

Exercise 1: Identifying Appropriate Subnets

• Exercise 2: Troubleshooting IPv4
Lab Scenario
A. Datum Corporation has an IT office and data center
in London, which supports the London location and
other locations. They have recently deployed a
Windows 2012 Server infrastructure with Windows 8
clients. You have recently accepted a promotion to
the server support team. One of your first assignments
is configuring the infrastructure service for a new
branch office.
After a security review, your manager has asked you
to calculate new subnets for the branch office to
support segmenting network traffic. You also need to
troubleshoot a connectivity problem on a server in the
branch office.
Lab Review

Why is variable length subnetting required in this

lab?
• Which Windows PowerShell cmdlet can you use to
view the local routing table of a computer instead
of using route print?
Module Review and Takeaways

• Best Practice
• Common Issues and Troubleshooting Tips
• Review Questions
• Tools