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The Fundamental Unit of Life: Class IX

The document is a lesson on cells that includes: 1) An introduction to cells, including who discovered them (Robert Hooke) and key scientists like Schleiden and Schwann who established that plants and animals are composed of cells. 2) Explanations of the cell theory, the components that make up cells, different types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic), and cell shapes. 3) Descriptions of cell processes like diffusion, osmosis, and active transport; how cells respond to different environments; and differences between plant and animal cells.

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209 views39 pages

The Fundamental Unit of Life: Class IX

The document is a lesson on cells that includes: 1) An introduction to cells, including who discovered them (Robert Hooke) and key scientists like Schleiden and Schwann who established that plants and animals are composed of cells. 2) Explanations of the cell theory, the components that make up cells, different types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic), and cell shapes. 3) Descriptions of cell processes like diffusion, osmosis, and active transport; how cells respond to different environments; and differences between plant and animal cells.

Uploaded by

Ani's Special Kitchen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Fundamental

Unit Of Life
Class IX

By Reshmi Sinha
1
Do you know??
 What is a cell?
 Who discovered cell?
 Which is the longest cell in human body?
 Which is the largest cell?
 What are prokaryotic cells?
 What are eukaryotic cells?

2
Cells got their name
from an Englishman
namedRobert
Hooke in the year
1665. He first saw
and named "cells"
while he was
experimenting with
a new instrument we
now call a
"microscope 3
Introduction to Cell Theory
History of Scientists:
1655: Robert Hooke coins the term "cell"
to describe chambers in cork
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek made an
1674: improved microscope and discovered
the free cells like bacteria and sperm
1838: Mathais Schleiden concluded that
plants are composed of cells

1839: Theodore Schwann concluded that


animals are composed of cells
4
Questions...
 Who said that plants were made of cells
 Mathais Schleiden
 Who coined the term “cell”?
 Robert Hooke
 Who said that all animals were made of cells?
 Theodore Schwann
 Who said that cells must come from existing
cells?
 Rudolf Virchow
State the cell theory...

 All Living things are made up of


one or more cells.
 The cell is the basic unit of
structure and function of a living
body.
 All cells arise from pre-existing
cells.
What are cells made of?
Cells are mostly water. The rest of the
present molecules are:
•protein

•nucleic acid
•carbohydrate

•lipid

•other
7
What are cells made of?
By elements, a cell is composed of:
• 60% hydrogen
• 25% oxygen
• 10% carbon
• 5% nitrogen

8
Cell Shapes

9
11
 Resource: Difference between prokaryotic
and Eukaryotic cells
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ-
SMCmWB1s

Resource: Discovery of cells
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=gfO5JcpHKds

12
Unicellular and Multi cellular
organisms

There are approx. 100 trillion cells in the


human body
100,000,000,000,000
13
14
Differentiate between plant cell and
animal cell

15
 

16
Cell membrane

What happens when a cell is


placed in different types of
solutions?

The cell membrane allows only


certain materials to move in
and out of the cell

17
Cell Membrane
Made up of proteins and lipids
Flexible.
Maintains the physical integrity of the cell
Controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell

18
19
Special Cell Process:

Cells need certain substances to stay alive

QUESTION: ANSWER:
How do they get  Osmosis
these substances?
 Diffusion
20
Diffusion
Diffusion – the movement of particles
from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration.

21
22
DIFFUSION
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=71MSBEwMGDA

23
Osmosis- the movement of water
across the cell membrane
•importantbecause cells are surrounded by
water molecules
•the number of H2O molecules inside and
outside the cell must be almost equal.
when the molecules are even
Equilibrium-
throughout a space

•the process of osmosis


allows this balance to
happen
24
25
26
 *Virtual Lab: (Plasmolysis Of Cell)
https://amrita.olabs.edu.in/?
sub=79&brch=17&sim=199&cnt=1

*Virtual lab: (Study of Osmosis)


https://amrita.olabs.edu.in/?
sub=79&brch=17&sim=182&cnt=1

27
Osmosis In Different Mediums

28
29
30
Plasmolysis

31
32
33
Active transport : Endocytosis and Exocytosis

34
Quiz Time
 What is plasmolysis?
 An animal cell and a plant cell are kept in a
hypotonic medium for few hours. What will be
the expected observation? Give scientific
reason.
 How is osmosis different from diffusion?
 What will happen if dry raisin is kept in plain
water? What will be change observed when
raisin from the water is transferred into sugar
solution?
37
 Resource: Difference between cell membrane
and cell wall
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=q4MMoGmy-Tw

Resource: Hypertonic, Hypotonic


and Isotonic solution
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=rMa9MzP19zI

38
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=FU9xE8rxnOo

39

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