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    Colonialism and Imperialism

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    Sumair Khan
    Colonialism and imperialism began around 1500 following European exploration and expansion. [1] Imperialism involved exerting political and economic control over weaker states, while colonialism was the establishment of settlements in other lands for economic benefit. [2] In the late 19th century, European powers established vast new empires in Africa and Asia under a period known as new imperialism or neo-colonialism. [3] The industrial revolution and search for raw materials and new markets drove European countries to pursue aggressive colonial expansion for economic gain, though it also disrupted local cultures and societies.

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    Colonialism and Imperialism

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    Sumair Khan
    172 views13 pages
    Colonialism and imperialism began around 1500 following European exploration and expansion. [1] Imperialism involved exerting political and economic control over weaker states, while colonialism was the establishment of settlements in other lands for economic benefit. [2] In the late 19th century, European powers established vast new empires in Africa and Asia under a period known as new imperialism or neo-colonialism. [3] The industrial revolution and search for raw materials and new markets drove European countries to pursue aggressive colonial expansion for economic gain, though it also disrupted local cultures and societies.

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    COLONIALISM AND IMPERIALISM

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    Colonialism and imperialism began around 1500 following European exploration and expansion. [1] Imperialism involved exerting political and economic control over weaker states, while colonialism was the establishment of settlements in other lands for economic benefit. [2] In the late 19th century, European powers established vast new empires in Africa and Asia under a period known as new imperialism or neo-colonialism. [3] The industrial revolution and search for raw materials and new markets drove European countries to pursue aggressive colonial expansion for economic gain, though it also disrupted local cultures and societies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    172 views13 pages

    Colonialism and Imperialism

    Uploaded by

    Sumair Khan
    Colonialism and imperialism began around 1500 following European exploration and expansion. [1] Imperialism involved exerting political and economic control over weaker states, while colonialism was the establishment of settlements in other lands for economic benefit. [2] In the late 19th century, European powers established vast new empires in Africa and Asia under a period known as new imperialism or neo-colonialism. [3] The industrial revolution and search for raw materials and new markets drove European countries to pursue aggressive colonial expansion for economic gain, though it also disrupted local cultures and societies.

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    of 13

    COLONIALISM

    AND
    IMPERIALISM
    R U B I A S H O U K AT
    INTRODUCTION

    • Colonialism is the maintenance of political, social, economic, and


    cultural domination over people by a foreign power for an extended
    period.
    • The long control exercised by the British Empire over much of
    North America, parts of Africa, and India is an example of colonial
    domination.
    MODERN AGE

    • The age of modern colonialism began about 1500, following the European
    discoveries of a sea route around Africa’s southern coast (1488) and
    of America (1492). With these events sea power shifted from the Mediterranean
    to the Atlantic and to the emerging nation-states of Portugal, Spain, the Dutch
    Republic, France, and England. By discovery, conquest, and settlement, these
    nations expanded and colonized throughout the world, spreading European
    institutions and culture.
    IMPERIALISM AND COLONIALISM

    • Imperialism is the imposing of economical, political control over


    another weaker state, while Colonialism is the acquiring of land to
    settle it and use its materials for its own economic benefit.
    • What is the definition of imperialism? Imperialism is understood as a policy of a country in
    which that said country influences other countries or territories through military force, as well
    as other means of power (Oxford Dictionary, 2016). So, the key point to understanding
    imperialism has to do with the emphasis on the idea of overtaking others based on power. It is
    using their power to control others outside of their state (New Encyclopedia of Africa, 2008, in
    galegroup).
    • What is the definition of colonialism? Colonialism is defined as a practice in which a power
    sets up colonies or settlements elsewhere (in other countries or territories) (Singh, 2001) for the
    political and economic benefit of the colonizing country. So, this state will often take over
    other areas, setting up their own political and economic systems, with the intent of using the
    colonies’ materials, land, etc… to benefit the colonizing country. So, the establishment of
    administrative influence over an area is a type of imperialism (New Encyclopedia of Africa,
    2008) that has been implemented in the history of international relations.
    • Thus, a core difference between colonialism and imperialism is the idea compared to the
    practice or implementation of the ideas. So, imperialism serves as the underlying ideas,
    whereas colonialism is an established form of imperialism.
    NEW-IMPERIALISM

    • Also called as Neo-Colonialism


    • After the age of colonialism from 1600s to 1850s, New Imperialism began in
    the 1870s.
    • In new imperialism, European states established vast empires mainly in Africa,
    but
    also in Asia and the Middle East.
    • Strong administrative set up in colonies by the colonist/imperialist for their
    own economic benefits.
    MERCANTILISM

    • Mercantilism – economic doctrine – emphasizes manufacturing and


    foreign trade instead of agriculture and domestic trade
    • Eco. Purpose of colonies – to furnish homeland manufacturers with
    raw materials of colonies – foreign investments
    • Mercantilism – Favorable balance of trade – export is greater than
    import
    • To make mercantile system successful – the need of large colonies
    • The govt. of Colonial Masters used to prohibit colonies to establish trade with
    their rivals, e.g. Indian cotton industry.
    • Home govt. was not involved in colonial commerce – organized private
    companies for this purpose e.g. East India Company – Monopoly of trade
    • England had numerous trading companies in its colonies of Baltic lands,
    Russia, Turkey, India, Morocco, W. Africa and N. America.
    CAUSES OF
    COLONIALISM
    ECONOMIC CAUSES
    • An aggressive expansion policy has pursued that was motivated by economic
    needs that were generated by the Industrial Revolution.
    • Second Industrial Revolution - Between 1870 - 1914
    • It brought great advancement in science, technology, and industry stimulated
    economic growth.
    • Improvements in steel production revolutionized shipbuilding , transportation,
    railroad, the internal combustion engine, and electrical power generation
    • The industrial growth of Europe started growing rapidly and brought
    significant economic benefits.
    IMPACTS OF COLONIES

    • Economic Impacts
    • Under foreign rule, native culture and industry were destroyed.
    Imported goods wiped out local craft industries.
    • By using colonies as sources of raw materials and markets for
    manufactured goods, colonial powers held back the colonies from
    developing industries.
    • Economic exploitation by imperialist countries damaged natural
    wealth of colonies and caused poverty.
    POLITICAL IMPACTS

    • European nations disrupted many traditional political units and united rival peoples under
    single governments that tried to impose stability and order where local conflicts had existed for
    years, such as in Nigeria and Rwanda.
    • Ethnic conflicts that developed in the latter half of the twentieth century in many of these
    areas, can be traced to these imperial policies.
    • Imperialism also contributed to tension among the Western powers. Rivalries between France
    and Great Britain over the Sudan, between France and Germany over Morocco, and over the
    Ottoman Empire contributed to the hostile conditions that led to World
    War I in 1914.
    SOCIAL IMPACTS

    • Imperialism also brought confrontation between the cultures.


    • Europeans were convinced that they had superior cultures and forced the
    people to accept modern or Western ways. The pressures to westernize forced
    the colonial people to reevaluate their traditions and to work at discouraging
    such customs as foot binding in China and sati in India.
    • Western countries introduced modern medicine that stressed the use of vaccines
    and more sanitary hygiene that helped to save lives and increase life
    expectancy

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