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Intellectual Revolution That Defined Society: Science, Technology & Society LSPU-San Pablo

1. The document discusses several intellectual revolutions that transformed societies, including the Copernican, Darwinian, Freudian, and revolutions in Mesoamerica, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. 2. The Copernican Revolution involved Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric model that displaced the geocentric Ptolemic model and took over 1500 years to be accepted. 3. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection, published in Origin of Species in 1859, fundamentally changed approaches to biology and had wide impacts on science, religion, and society.

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10K views25 pages

Intellectual Revolution That Defined Society: Science, Technology & Society LSPU-San Pablo

1. The document discusses several intellectual revolutions that transformed societies, including the Copernican, Darwinian, Freudian, and revolutions in Mesoamerica, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. 2. The Copernican Revolution involved Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric model that displaced the geocentric Ptolemic model and took over 1500 years to be accepted. 3. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection, published in Origin of Species in 1859, fundamentally changed approaches to biology and had wide impacts on science, religion, and society.

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Andromeda Galaxy
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INTELLECTUAL

REVOLUTION
THAT DEFINED
SOCIETY
Science, Technology &
Society

LSPU-San Pablo
Objectives

1. To discuss how the ideas postulated by


Copernicus, Darwin and Freud contributed
to the spark of scientific revolution
2. Analyze how scientific revolution is done in
various parts of the world like Meso-
America, Asia, Middle East and Africa
Definition:
What is intellectual revolution?

It is a societal information that we access in the past, present


and future as well as cherish. Together with the
responsibility to awaken society, they also need to be
constantly aware of their own shortcomings.
The term revolution is used to denote trends which have
resulted in great social changes outside the political sphere,
such as changes in mores, culture, philosophy or
technology. ...
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION

1. Copernican 5. Meso-american
2. Darwinian 6. Asian
3. Freudian 7. Middle East
4. Information Age 8. African
How do intellectual revolutions
transform societies?

The intellectual revolution transformed societies by


opening the eyes and minds of the people. Before they
lived within the boundaries of controlling systems like
religion, monarchies, cults and others.
Many societies before the revolution were
unable to think critically and were in a way
subject to being manipulated.
1. Copernican Revolution

paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the


heavens,
geocentric vs heliocentric models
geocentric model states that the Sun and the
planets move around the Earth instead of
the heliocentric model with the Sun in the center
Nicolaus Copernicus – a Renaissance man
took about 1 500 years before Copernicus came to negate
or invalidate the geocentric model
Appointed canon; despite he sustained his interest in
astronomy.
He was influenced by the book Epitome in 1496 authored
by a German Johannes Mueller.
His write-up about heliocentric model was completed in
1510.
He was judged as heretic. The Catholic Church banned his
model and was ignored by Rome for the rest of 16th
century.
Copernican vs Ptolemy
The geocentric model was even-
tually replaced by
the heliocentric model.
The earliest heliocentric model,
Copernican heliocentrism, could
remove Ptolemy's belief.
2- DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
 Darwin was an intellectually gifted child and had a wealthy family, became a student at Shrewsbury
school but just an average or mediocre student, in fact he struggled in his study in medicine & ministry
which were imposed to him by his father. Changed hi perception in life because of the influence of his
professor who recommended him to a 5-year voyage in Galapagos.

 In 1859, the Origin of Species, authored by Charles Darwin, was published.

 The book changed how people approach biology forever,

 has fundamental impacts on modern science, religion, and other aspects of the society

 The book presented evidence on how species over time and presented traits & adaptation that
differentiate species.
Freudian Revolution
Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian


neurologist and the founder of
psychoanalysis (a clinical method
for treating psychopathology
through dialogue between a patient
and a psychoanalyst).
Freud was born to Galician Jewish
parents in the Moravian town of
Freiberg, in the Austrian Empire.
important contribution in the scientific world
through the development of an important
observational method to gather reliable data to
human’s inner life
his method was unorthodox – focusing on human
sexuality and evil nature
his contribution can be seen in many aspects of the
human scene, including art, literature, philosophy,
politics and psychotherapy
he is a great inspiration to examine human mind
and behavior
the id is the primitive
and instinctual part of
the mind that contains
sexual and aggressive
drives and hidden
memories
the ego is the realistic
part that mediates
between the desires of
the id and the super-
ego.
the super-ego operates
as a moral conscience
Meso-american - It has contributed a lot ideas or
discoveries for Archaeology. The temples and pyramids
left a lot about of Architecture that leads us to study more
of it.
includes the entire area of Central America from
Southern Mexico up to border of South America
rich in culture and knowledge prior to the arrival of its
European colonizers b
Maya, Inca and Aztec Civilizations
Maya- known in the field of astronomy which include
prediction of eclipses, astrological cycles in planting &
harvesting
Inca- advanced scientific ideas including roads, stone
buildings, irrigation system, calendar with 12 months,
bridges, textile
Aztec- education, chocolates, antispasmodic medication,
chinampa, Aztec calendar & canoe
Asian - The revolution itself taught Asian countries about
freedom and independent nationhood along the
improvement brought by it internally.
India and China
India- known for manufacturing iron and
metallurgical works
- famous in medicine
- notable in the field of astronomy
- known for their mathematics
China- known for traditional medicines
 Inventions of compass, papermaking, gunpowder,
and printing tools
 Field of astronomy
 seismology
Middle East Revolution

 Middle East - The revolutions in the Middle East were a product of


the development and growth of individual nationalism, imperialism,
for the efforts to westernize and modernize Middle Eastern societies,
and to push the declining power of the Ottoman Empire in the Arab
region.
Dominantly occupied by
Muslims
7th & 8th century until 13th century –
period of Muslim scholarship or what
is called the Golden Age of Islam
Optics, mathematics, chemistry and
medicine
African Revolution

The fight against


colonialism and
imperialism in Africa.
Ancient Egyptian civilization has
contributed immensely and made
significant advances in the fields
of astronomy, mathematics, and
medicine.

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