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Basic Information of CNC Program

The document provides information about CNC program basics. It explains that CNC programs are controlled by G and M codes which are numeric values and coordinates assigned to operations. It describes the features of CNC machinery such as automatic tool or material movement in 1-5 axes controlled by motors and sensors. The document also discusses the composition of a part program including blocks of data containing address codes for commands, functions and tool management. It provides examples of coordinate systems and important G and M codes used in CNC programming.

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jawad khalid
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123 views16 pages

Basic Information of CNC Program

The document provides information about CNC program basics. It explains that CNC programs are controlled by G and M codes which are numeric values and coordinates assigned to operations. It describes the features of CNC machinery such as automatic tool or material movement in 1-5 axes controlled by motors and sensors. The document also discusses the composition of a part program including blocks of data containing address codes for commands, functions and tool management. It provides examples of coordinate systems and important G and M codes used in CNC programming.

Uploaded by

jawad khalid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC INFORMATION OF

CNC PROGRAM
HOW CNC WORKS

• Controlled by G and M codes.

• These are number values and co-ordinates.

• Each number or code is assigned to a particular operation.

• Manually Programmed by machine operators.

• G & M codes are automatically generated by the computer software.


FEATURES OF CNC MACHINERY
• The tool or material moves automatically.

• Tools can operate in 1-5 axes.

• Larger machines have a machine control unit (MCU) which manages

operations.

• Movement is controlled by motors (actuators).

• Feedback is provided by sensors (transducers)

• Tool magazines are used to change tools automatically.


Composition of a Part Program
 A Part Program is a list of coded instructions which describes how the design
component, or part, will be manufactured.
 The part program can be further broken down into separate lines of data, each line
describing a particular set of machining operations. These lines, which run in
sequence, are called blocks.
 A block of data contains words, sometimes called codes. Each word refers to a
specific cutting/movement command or machine function, which includes the G
and M code groups. Each program word is composed from a letter called the
address, along with a number.
N2 G91 G0 X0 Y0 Z0
N3 M6 T1
N4 G43 H1
N5 M3 S3000
Composition of a Part Program

N08 G01 Z-0.5 F40 BLOCK EXAMPLE - NØ8Ø GØ1 Z-Ø.5 F4Ø

WORD EXAMPLE - GØ1

ADDRESS EXAMPLE - G
Addresses
Address Refers to
N refers to the block umber.
G refers to the G code (Preparatory function).
X refers to the absolute/incremental distance travelled by the slide tool
in the X axis direction.
Y refers to the absolute/incremental distance travelled by the slide tool
in the Y axis direction.
Z refers to the absolute/incremental distance travelled by the slide tool
in the Z axis direction.
F refers to the feed rate.
M refers to the M code (Miscellaneous function).
S refers to the spindle speed.
T refers to the tooling management.
Each
Coordinates System
 Absolute Coordinates:(G90)
The addresses X, Y and Z within a program, when G90 (Absolute
co-ordinates) is active, relate to a coordinate position from the
work piece datum (the zero position).
Coordinates System
Example :
Coordinates System
 Incremental Coordinates:(G91)
The addresses X, Y and Z within a program, when G91
(Incremental co-ordinates) is active, relate to the individual axis
movements required to reach the new position, from the last
position reached by the tool.
Coordinates System
 Example
G Codes
Preparatory Functions
 Rapid Positioning (G0)
The G0 code executes a non cutting movement, at a rapid feed rate, to a
specific co-ordinate position. A G0 command is written in the following
format:
G0 X _ _ _ _ Y_ _ _ _ Z _ _ _ _ ;
 Liner Interpolation (G01)
The G01 code executes a cutting movement following a straight line, at
a set feed rate.
G01 X _ _ _ _ Y_ _ _ _ Z _ _ _ _ ;
 Circular Interpolation (G02,G03)
 The G02 code executes a cutting movement following a clockwise
circular path, at a set feed rate.
 The G03 code executes a cutting movement following a
counterclockwise circular path, at a set feed rate
Table of Important G codes
G0 Rapid Transverse
G01 Linear Interpolation
G02 Circular Interpolation, CW
G03 Circular Interpolation, CCW
G17 XY Plane,G18 XZ Plane,G19 YZ Plane
G20/G70 Inch units
G21/G71 Metric Units
G40 Cutter compensation cancel
G41 Cutter compensation left
G42 Cutter compensation right
G81 Drilling cycle
G82 Counter boring cycle
G83 Deep hole drilling cycle
G90 Absolute positioning
G91 Incremental positioning
Table of Important M codes
M00 Program stop
M01 Optional program stop
M02 Program end
M03 Spindle on clockwise
M04 Spindle on counterclockwise
M05 Spindle stop
M06 Tool change
M08 Coolant on
M09 Coolant off
M30 Program stop, reset to start
Automatic Part Programming
AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF CNC PROGRAMS THROUGH SOFTWARE

Define Tool

CNC data

Make 3D model
Simulate
cutting
THANK YOU

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