Bench Fitting Tools

Lecture
Industrial Tool Usage

 Two categories
 Hand tools
1. Cutting tools
2. Non cutting tools
 Machine tools
 Importance of hand tools should not be
overlooked
Classes of Hand Tools

 Cutting Tools
 Used to separate, part, trim, or divide
parts
 Include saws, grinders, files, and etc.
Classes of Hand Tools

Noncutting Tools
 Used basically for holding, forming,
assembling, reassembling, destroying, or
dismantling parts
 Includevices, hammers, screwdrivers,
wrenches, pliers, and etc.
 Bench Fitting Shop

Fitting is the process of assembling

various parts manufactured in the
machine shop.
Bench Fitting Tools

Tools used in Fitting shop

1. Measuring tools
2. Marking tools
3. Holding tools
4. Striking tools
5. Loosening and tightening tools
6. Cutting tools
7. Threading tools
Measuring Tools
Measuring Tools

 Steel Rule
 Vernier Caliper
 Measuring Tape
 Thread Pitch Gauge
 Feeler Gauge
 Try Square
 Try square
 Used to test the trueness of mutually
perpendicular surfaces.
Marking Tools
 Marking Tools
Marking is the process of layout of sizes on work
piece. The following tools are used in marking out
operations.
1. Scriber
2. Punch
3. Divider
 Scriber
 Used like a pencil to mark, scratch line on the
work piece for transferring drawing on it.
 It can be used for marking as well as checking.
Punch
 Divider
 A divider used in fitting shop is similar to that of spring
caliper, except that both legs are straight and sharp.
 The tool is used to transfer dimensions, scribing circles and
for laying out of drawing.
Holding Tools
 Work bench
 The work bench is a strong, heavy and rigid
table made up of hard wood.
 Bench vice , is the device used to hold the
workpiece and it is rigidly clamped on the top
of the table as shown.
 Bench Vice
 Also Called Machinist’s Vice
 Used to hold small work securely for sawing,
filing, polishing, drilling, reaming, and tapping
 It consists of one moveable and one fixed jaw.
 The jaws are opened upto required length, job
is placed in the two jaws and is fully tightened
with handle.
BENCH VICE
 Clamping Device

C-Clamp
 Popular in Plant
settings
 2” to 12”
 Allows clamping two
or more items together
or clamping one item to
another
Clamping Device
 Boiler Clamps
 Heavy Duty
 6” to 24”
Striking Tools
 Striking Tools
 These are used for striking purposes like
punching, chipping, marking, bending,
straightening and riveting
 Hammer is basic striking tool
Parts of hammer
 Peen
 Face
 Eye hole
 Handle
 Cheek
 Wedge
Types of hammer
 Ball Peen hammer
 Straight Peen hammer
 Cross Peen hammer
 Hard Faced Hammers

Shop Tools and Techniques

 Ball Peen
 Peen: smaller, rounded
end
 Used in riveting or
peening operations
 Variety of sizes
Hard Faced Hammers

 Claw type
 Smaller striking surface
 Claw end can be used
for prying nails and etc
 Variety of sizes
Soft-Faced Hammers

 Faces made of plastic or

rubber.
 Plasticor rubber faced
hammers are fastened
to steel body and
replaced when worn
 Used in assembling or
dismantling parts so
finished surface of
work not marred
Soft-Faced Hammers

 Heads with replaceable faces made of

plastic or rubber
Loosening and Tightening tools
Screwdrivers
 Two most common types

 Standard or flat blade

 Phillips
Flat Screwdrivers

Shop Tools and Techniques

 Tip for use with slotted-type screw
 Manufactured in various sizes
 To suit various-sized slots in heads of
fasteners
Phillips Screwdrivers

 Tip for use with Phillips-type screws

Spanners

 Many types used in machine shop work

 Each suited for specific purpose
 Name derived from use, shape, or
construction
 Most available in both inch and metric
measuring systems
C type Spanner

 Single-ended or double-ended C type

spanners
 Double-ended have different-size
opening at each end
Ring Spanner
 Completely surround nut and useful in close quarters
where only small rotation of nut can be obtained at
one time
 Box end has 4, 6, or 12 precisely cut notches around
inside face
 Notches fit closely over points on outside of nut
 Have different sizes at each end
Box Spanner
 Itconsists of a steel tube which has
hexagonal heads on both sides which fully
cover the head of the nut or the bolt to be
opened.
Adjustable Wrenches

 May be adjusted to within certain range to fit several

sizes of nuts or bolt heads
 Useful for odd-size nuts or when proper size not
available
 Can slip when not properly adjusted to flats of nut
Pipe Wrenches

 Made of Cast Iron, Aluminum, or

Beryllium/Copper
 Used to loosen or tighten pipe connections
 6” to 48”
Allen keys
 Commonly called hex keys
 Hexagonal fits into recesses of socket
head setscrews and capscrews
Pliers

 Useful for gripping and holding small parts

for certain machining operations or when
assembling parts
 Many types and sizes
 Names by shape, function or construction
Types of Pliers

Shop Tools and Techniques

 Combination or slip-joint pliers
 Adjustable to grip both large and small
work
 Grip work when small holes must be
drilled or for bending or twisting light, thin
materials
Types of Pliers

 Side-cutting pliers
 Used mainly for cutting, gripping, and
bending of small diameter (1/8 in. or
less) rods or wires
Types of Pliers

 Needle-nose pliers
 Available in both straight- and bent-nose
types
 Useful for holding very small parts,
positioning them in hard-to-get-at places
and bending wire
Cutting Tools
Cutting Tools

Often necessary to perform certain metal-

cutting operations at bench or on job
 Common tools
 Hacksaws
 Files
 Chisels
Hand Hacksaw
 Solidframe rigid and will accommodate
blades of one specific length
 Adjustable frame more common and will take
blades from 10 to 12 in. long
 Wing nut provides adjustment
Files
 Hand cutting tool made of high-carbon steel
 Used to remove surplus metal and to produce
finished surfaces
 Manufactured in variety of types and shape
Single-cut Files
 Singlerow of parallel teeth
running diagonally across face
 Used when smooth finish desired
 Include mill, long-angle lathe, and saw files
Double-cut Files
 Two intersecting rows of teeth
 First row called overcut
 Second row called upcut
 Hundreds of cutting teeth
 Provides for fast removal of metals and
easy clearing of chips
Machinist Files
 Types most commonly used in shop

 Flat
 Round
 Half-round
 Square
 Triangle
Flat File
 Used for general filing of metals such as steel.
 Rectangular in section and are the
 Most common type of file used in workshops.
Round File
 Round in cross-section and gradually tapered
over their length.
 Used for enlarging round holes or cutting
scalloped edges
Half round File
 Used for filing curved surfaces
 Useful for filing internal curves
Square File
 Square file is quite thin and fits into
corners well.
 Used to file slots in metal
Cross-sectional Views of
Shop Files
Filing Methods 56

Cross filing
 File strokes are made in diagonal form from right
to left and then from left to right
 Used for medium and heavy cuts
Filing Methods
Straight filing
 File is pressed and moved forward approximately right
angles to the length of the work
 On back stroke the file is lifted
 Suitable to the narrow pieces of work
Filing Methods
Draw filing
 Both the hands are kept on the two ends of the file
blade and the blade is kept at the right angles to the
length of the work.
 Forward and backward strokes of the file will smoothen
the surface of work.
Care of Files

1. Do not store files where they rub together

 Don’t throw into drawer with other files

2. Never use file as pry of hammer

3. Do not knock file on vise or other metallic
object to clean it
 Use brush or file card

4. Apply pressure only on forward stroke

Chisel

 Chisels are used to cut or chip off metal

from work piece.
 Two types of chisel
1. Flat chisel
2. Cross cut chisel
Flat Chisel
 Used to chip off excess metal from the
surface of the job.
 Used for cutting sheets, rods, bars, wires
and similar metallic pieces.
Cross Cut Chisel
 It has a slightly wider cutting end than the body
but narrow in thickness
 Used to cut groves , keys, ways
 Width of cutting edges varies from 4 to 12mm
Threading Tools
Threading Tools
 Tap is used to cut internal threads on a hole
drilled to the core diameter of the thread.
 Dieis used to cut threads on a round bar of
a metal, such as the threads on a bolt.
Types of hand Taps

 Bottoming tap
 Plug or intermediate tap
 Taper tap
Types of hand Dies
 Solid die
 Screw adjusting die
 Open adjusting die