Linear Interpolation
Uploaded by
Tonikay MillerLinear Interpolation
Uploaded by
Tonikay MillerLinear Interpolation
• The line joining the points on the curve
where x=a and x=b cuts the x-axis at c.
• Assuming that the diagram shows that
the interval between a and c is likely to
be smaller than the interval bisection
point of a and b.
• The line joining the point on the curve
y=f(x) where x=a and x=b forms a pair
of similar triangles .
• Therefor the point divides the line
between x=a and x=b in the ratio
• Therefore
If transpose to find
| 𝑓 ( 𝑎 )|( 𝑏 − 𝑐 1 )=¿ 𝑓 ( 𝑏 ) ∨(𝑐 1 − 𝑎)
𝑏
|𝑓 ( 𝑎 )|− 𝑐 1|𝑓 ( 𝑎 )|= 𝑐1|𝑓 ( 𝑏 )|− 𝑎∨𝑓 ( 𝑏 )∨¿
𝑐
1|𝑓 ( 𝑎 )|+𝑐 1|𝑓 ( 𝑏 )|= 𝑎|𝑓 ( 𝑏 )|+𝑏∨ 𝑓 ( 𝑎 ) ∨¿
𝑐 1=𝑎|𝑓 ( 𝑏 )+𝑏|𝑓 ( 𝑎 ) ∨ ¿ ¿
|𝑓 ( 𝑎 )|+¿ 𝑓 ( 𝑏 )∨ ¿¿
EXAMPLE
Let
a. Show that has a root between 1 and 2
b. Use linear interpolation three times to get an approximate value for this root.
c. Show that the approximation is correct to two decimal places.
Let
Showing that f(x) has a root between 1 and 2
𝑓 ( 1 ) =−1.2817 𝑓 ( 2 ) =1.3890
𝑓 ( 1 ) . 𝑓 ( 2 ) <0 Therefore f(x) has a root between1 and 2
Let
𝑐 1=𝑎|𝑓 ( 𝑏 )+𝑏|𝑓 ( 𝑎 ) ∨ ¿ ¿
|𝑓 ( 𝑎 )|+¿𝑓 ( 𝑏 )∨ ¿¿
𝑎
=1|𝑓 ( 𝑎 )|=1.2817 𝑏 =2|𝑓 ( 𝑏 )|=1.3890
1 ( 1.3890 )+ 2(1.2817)
𝑐 1= ¿ 1.4799
1.2817+1.3890
𝑓 ( 𝑐1 ) =¿ −0.5672
𝑓 ( 𝑎 ) . f ( c 1 ) >0∧f ( c1 ) . f ( b )< 0 Therefore is in the interval 1.4799 and 2
𝑐 2=𝑐 1|𝑓 ( 𝑏 ) +𝑏|𝑓 ( 𝑐 1 )∨ ¿ ¿
|𝑓 (𝑐1)|+¿𝑓 ( 𝑏 )∨¿¿
𝑐 2=𝑐 1|𝑓 ( 𝑏 ) +𝑏|𝑓 ( 𝑐 1 )∨ ¿ ¿
𝑓| ( 𝑐 1 )|+¿𝑓 ( 𝑏 )∨¿¿
𝑐
1=1. 4799|𝑓 ( 𝑐 1 )|=0.5672 𝑏= 2|𝑓 ( 𝑏 )|=1.3890
1.4799 ( 1.3890 )+ 2(0.5672)
𝑐 2= ¿ 1.6307
0.5672+1.3890
𝑓 ( 𝑐2 ) =− 0.1539
𝑓 ( 𝑐2 ) . 𝑓 ( 𝑐 1 ) >0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 ( 𝑐2 ) . 𝑓 ( 2 ) < 0 Therefore lies in the interval 1.6307 and 2
𝑐 3=𝑐2|𝑓 ( 𝑏 ) +𝑏|𝑓 ( 𝑐 2 )∨ ¿ ¿
|𝑓 (𝑐2 )|+¿ 𝑓 𝑏 ∨¿¿
( )
𝑐 3=𝑐2|𝑓 ( 𝑏 ) +𝑏|𝑓 ( 𝑐 2 )∨ ¿ ¿
|𝑓 (𝑐2 )|+¿ 𝑓 𝑏 ∨¿¿
( )
𝑐
2=1.6307|𝑓 ( 𝑐 2 )|=0.1539 𝑏 =2|𝑓 ( 𝑏 )|=1.3890
1.6307 ( 1.3890 ) +2(0.1539)
𝑐 3= ¿ 1.6675
0.1539+1.3890
Therefore the approximate value for this root is
To show that the approximation correct to 2 decimal place it is safe to do another linear interpolation
𝑓 ( 𝑐3 ) =− 0.0360
𝑓 ( 𝑐3 ) . 𝑓 ( 𝑐2 ) >0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 ( 𝑐 3 ) . 𝑓 ( 2 ) <0 Therefore must be in the interval 1.6675 and 2
𝑐
3=1.6675|𝑓 ( 𝑐 3 )|=0.0360 𝑏 =2|𝑓 ( 𝑏 )|=1.3890
1.6675 ( 1.3890 ) +2( 0.0360)
𝑐 4 = ¿ 1.6759
0.0360+1.3890
Therefore the approximation correct to 2 decimal places is 1.68
Exercise
Show that the equation has a root between x=3 and x=3.5
Use linear interpolation twice to get an approximate value for this root.
𝑙𝑛𝑥
− 𝑥+2=0
𝑓 ( 3 ) =0.0986 𝑓 ( 3.5 )=−0.2472
𝑓 ( 3 ) . 𝑓 ( 3.5 )< 0∴ 𝛼 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡h𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 ∨3 , 3.5∨¿
𝑙𝑛𝑥
− 𝑥+2=0
𝑐 1=𝑎|𝑓 ( 𝑏 )∨+𝑏|𝑓 ( 𝑎 )∨ ¿ ¿
|𝑓 ( 𝑎 )|+¿𝑓 ( 𝑏 )∨¿¿
𝑎
=3|𝑓 ( 3 )|=0.0986 𝑏=3.5|𝑓 ( 𝑏 )|=0.2472
3 ( 0.2472 )+ 3.5(0.0986)
𝑐 1= ¿ 3.1426
0.0986+0.2472
𝑓 ( 3.1426 )=0.0025
therefore lies in the interval |3.1426, 3.5|
𝑐
1=3.1426|𝑓 ( 𝑐 1 )|=0.0025 𝑏 =3.5|𝑓 ( 𝑏 )|=0.2472
3.1426 ( 0.2472 ) +3.5(0.0025)
𝑐 2= ¿ 3.1461
0.0025+0.2472
