Topic Name

PERCENTAGES
Concepts

Percentage is a fraction whose denominator is always 100. x percentage is represented by x%.

To express x% as a fraction: x% = x/100

Thus 10% = 10/100 (means 10 parts out of 100 parts) = 1/10 (means 1 part out of 10 parts)

To express x/y as a percentage: x/y = (x/y× 100 )

Thus 1/4 = ( 1/4 ×100 )% = 25% and 0.8 = ( 8/10 ×100 )% = 80%
Concepts

If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then reduction in consumption as not to increase the
expenditure is: [ R/(100+R)×100 ] %
If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, then the increase in consumption as not to decrease
the expenditure is: [ R/(100-R)×100 ] %

Result on Population: Let the population of a town be P now and suppose increases the rate of R%
per annum, then:
1.Population after n years = P ( 1+ R/100 )^n
2.Population n years ago = P /( 1+ R/100 )^n
Concepts

Result on Depreciation: Let the present value of a machine be P. Suppose depreciates at the rate of R%
per annum Then:
1. Value of the machine after n Years = P ( 1- R/100 )^n
2. Value of the machine n years ago = P /( 1- R/100 )^n
If A is R% more than B, then B is less than A by [ R/(100+R)×100 ]% If A is
R% less than B, then B is more than A by [ R/(100-R)×100 ]%
Net % change = x + y + xy/100
Question: 01

Two students appeared at an examination. One of them secured 9 marks more than the other
and his marks was 56% of the sum of their marks. The marks obtained by them are:

A. 39, 30
B. 41, 32
C.42, 33
D.43, 34

Answer: C
Explanation:

Let their marks be (x + 9) and x.

Then, x + 9 =56/100(x + 9 + x)

25(x + 9) = 14(2x + 9)

3x = 99

x = 33

So, their marks are 42 and 33.

Question: 02

Three candidates, Ajay, Bijoy & Chandu contested an election and received 1800, 3300 and
votes 3900 respectively. What percent of the total votes did A get?

A. 20%

B. 40%

C. 45%

D. 70%

Answer: A
Explanation:

Total no. of votes polled = (1800 + 3300 + 3900) = 9000.

Required percentage = (1800/9000 * 100)% = 20%.

Question: 03

The total population of a village increased from 1,80,00 to 22, 500 in a decade. The average
percentage increase of population per year of that village is:

A. 2.37%

B. 2.5%

C. 3. 6%

D. 6.75%

Answer: B
Explanation:

Population increase in 10 years = (22500- 18000) = 4500.

Increase% = (4500/18000 x 100)% = 25%
Required average = (25/10)% = 2. 5%
Question: 04

What percentage of numbers from 1 to 30 has 1 or 9 in the unit's digit?

A. 12

B. 15

C. 20

D. 22

Answer: C
Explanation:

Such numbers from 1 to 30 are 1, 9, 11, 19, 21, 29

Number of such numbers =6
Required percentage is (6/20 * 100) % = 20%
Question: 05

In ABC College, 63% of students are less than 20 years of age. The number of students
more than 20 years of age is 2/3 of number of students of 20 years of age which is 42. What
is the total number of students in the ABC College?

A. 75

B. 90

C. 130

D. 200

Answer: D
Explanation:

Let the total number of students be x.

Then, Number of students more than 20 years of age = (100 - 63)% of x = 37% of x.
37% of x = 42 + 2/3 of 48
37/100 x = 74
x = 200
Question: 06

The tax on an article is increased by 20 %. As a result of which the consumption decreases

by 25 %. What is the % change in the tax revenue received by the government from this
article?

A. 10 % decrease

B. 15 % increase

C. 10 % increase

D. None of these

Answer: A
Explanation:

% Change in Tax revenue = 1.2 * 0.75 = 0.9

⇒ Net decrease of 10 %.
Question: 07

Ali the barber shaved 40 % of his customers and gave a haircut to 80 % of his customers. He
charged Rs. 7 for a shave and Rs. 5 for a haircut. If 20 % of customers who opted for a
shave also had a haircut, what were Khan’s earnings if he had 75 customers (in Rs.)?
A. 410
B. 1,020
C. 510
D. None of these

Answer: C
Explanation:

Explanation: Total customers = 75

Numbers of customers shaved = 75 * 40/100 = 30
Number of customers who got hair cut = 75 * 80/100 = 60
∴ His total income= (30 * 7) + (60 * 5) = 210 + 300 = 510.
Question: 08

Alroy gave his sister 40 % of his pocket money and was left with Rs. 8. What is his pocket
money (in Rs.)?
A. 20
B. 13.33
C. 11.20
D. 12.80

Answer: B
Explanation:

He gave his sister 40 % i.e. he is left with 60 % of the total money which is Rs. 8.
Hence 60x/100 = 8 ⇒ x = 13.33.
Question: 09

Class B has 50% more students than class A. Number of girls in class A is equal to number
of boys in class B. The percentage of girls is the same in both classes. What percentage of
the student group are boys?

A. 33.33%

B. 40%

C. 25%

D. 60%

Answer: B
Explanation:

50% more than x is 1.5x. Simple, but very useful idea that might help you in solving these
kinds of problems.
Let number of girls in class A = x

Let number of boys in class A = y

Total number of students = x + y

Proportion of girls = x/x+y

Number of boys in class B = x

Total number of students in class B = 1.5(x + y)

Proportion of girls = 1 - x/1.5(x + y)

Explanation:

Percentage of boys in the overall student community = x+y/2.5 * (x + y) * 100 = 40%

The question is " What percentage of the student group are boys? "

40% of the student group are boys

Hence, the answer is 40%

Question: 10

In an examination, 35% of students failed in quants and 42% of students failed in verbal
while 14% failed in both the topics. If 222 students passed in both the topics, how many
students appeared to write the examination?

A. 500

B. 600

C. 700

D. 800

Answer: B
Explanation:

Finding out percent of students failing either one would help.

Percent of students failing quants = 35

Percent of students failing verbal = 42

Sum = 35 + 42 = 77

Percent of students failing both = 14

=> Percent of students failing either one = 77 – 14 = 63. Thus, 37% students passed in both
the topics

=> 37% of x = 222

=> x = 600
Question: 11

An electric iron is offered at a discount of 10%. It is sold during clearance sale at 6% discount
over the already discounted price at Rs. 1692/- . The original marked price of the electric iron
is:

A. Rs. 2000/-

B. Rs. 1896/-

C. Rs. 1900/-

D.Rs. 1946/-

Answer: A
Explanation:

SP before 6% discount = 1692 * 100/94

So, original MP = 1692 x 100/94 * 100/90 = 2000

Question: 12

A student took five papers in an examination, where the full marks were the same for each
paper. His marks in these papers were in the proportion of 3: 4: 9: 11: 13. In all papers
together, the candidate obtained 60% of the total marks. Then, the number of papers in which
he got less than 70% marks is:

A. 1

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5

Answer: B
Explanation:

Let the marks scored in five subjects be 3x, 4x, 9x, 11x and 13x

Total marks in all the five subjects = 40x

Max marks of the five subjects = 40x/0.6

(∵ 40x is 60% of total marks)

∴ Max marks in each subject = 40x/(0.6 × 5) = 13.3x

Hence, percentage in each subject = 3x/13.33x × 100,

4x/13.33 × 100, 9x/13.33x × 100, (11x × 100)/13.33x and (16x × 100)/13.33x

Or 22.50%, 30 %, 67.51%, 82.52% and 97.52%

∴ Number of papers in which he got less than 70% marks is 3.

Question: 13

2/5 of the voters promise to vote for A and the rest promised to vote for B. Of these, on the
last day 15% of the voters went back their promise to vote for A and 25% of voters went back
of their promise to vote for B, and A lost by 4 votes. Then, the total number of voters is:

A. 200

B. 210

C. 190

D. 195

Answer: A
Explanation:

Let total number of votes polled by 100%, then votes polled in favour of P = 40 - 6 + 15 =
49%

Voters polled in favour of Q = 60 -15 + 6 = 51%

Difference = 51 - 49 = 2%

It is already given that a lost by 4 votes, hence total number of votes polled = 200.
Question: 14

A man bought two books for Rs. 250 each. If he sells one at a profit of 5%, then how much
should he sell the other so that he makes a profit of 20% on the whole?

A. 32

B. 29

C. 35

D. 24

Answer: C
Explanation:

Before we start, it’s important to note here that it is not 15% to be added to 5% to make it a total of 20%.

Let the other profit percent be x.

Then, our equation looks like this.

105/100 * 250 + [(100+x)/100] * 250 = 120/100 * 500 → x= 35.

Hence, if he makes a profit of 35% on the second, it comes to a total of 20% profit on the whole.
Question: 15

In an examination it is required to get 40% of the aggregate marks to pass. A student gets
522 marks and is declared failed by 4% marks. What are the maximum aggregate marks a
student can get?

A. 1700

B. 1730

C. 1450

D. 1765

Answer: C
Explanation:

Let the total marks be x.

4% less than 40% is 522

So, 36% of the total marks = 522

36/100 × x = 522

x = 522 × 100/36

x = 1450
THANK YOU