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CSS Chapter 1

This document provides an introduction and overview of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) including: - What CSS is and how it is used to style and lay out elements on HTML pages - Examples of CSS syntax and common selectors like elements, IDs, classes, and universal selector - The three main ways to add CSS - external, internal, and inline stylesheets - How external CSS allows changing the styling of entire websites by editing just one CSS file - In cases of multiple conflicting styles, the closer style (inline > internal > external) will take precedence

Uploaded by

Raymond Puno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
49 views

CSS Chapter 1

This document provides an introduction and overview of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) including: - What CSS is and how it is used to style and lay out elements on HTML pages - Examples of CSS syntax and common selectors like elements, IDs, classes, and universal selector - The three main ways to add CSS - external, internal, and inline stylesheets - How external CSS allows changing the styling of entire websites by editing just one CSS file - In cases of multiple conflicting styles, the closer style (inline > internal > external) will take precedence

Uploaded by

Raymond Puno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSS

Chapter 1
Introduction, Syntax, Selectors and How to
Introduction
What is CSS?
• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
• CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed
on screen, paper, or in other media
• CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of
multiple web pages all at once
• External stylesheets are stored in CSS files
• CSS is the language we use to style a Web page.
CSS Demo
- One HTML
Page
–Multiple
Styles!
Why Use CSS?
• CSS is used to define styles for your web pages,
including the design, layout and variations in display for
different devices and screen sizes.
CSS Example
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
h1 {
color: white;
text-align: center;
}
p{
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 20px;
}
CSS Example
CSS Solved a Big Problem
• HTML was NEVER intended to contain tags for formatting a web page!
• HTML was created to describe the content of a web page, like:
• <h1>This is a heading</h1>
• <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
• When tags like <font>, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2
specification, it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of
large websites, where fonts and color information were added to every
single page, became a long and expensive process.
CSS Solved a Big Problem
• To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
created CSS.
• CSS removed the style formatting from the HTML page!
CSS Saves a Lot of Work!
• The style definitions are normally saved in external .css files.
• With an external stylesheet file, you can change the look of an
entire website by changing just one file!
CSS Example
Syntax
CSS Syntax
• A CSS rule consists of a selector and a declaration block.
CSS Syntax
• The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.
CSS Syntax
• The declaration block contains one or more declarations
separated by semicolons.
• Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value,
separated by a colon.
• Multiple CSS declarations are separated with semicolons, and
declaration blocks are surrounded by curly braces.
CSS Syntax
Example
• In this example all <p> elements will be center-aligned, with a
red text color:
CSS Syntax
Example Explained
• p is a selector in CSS (it points
to the HTML element you want
to style: <p>).
• color is a property, and red is the
property value
• text-align is a property, and
center is the property value
Selector
CSS Selector
• CSS selectors are used to "find" (or select) the HTML elements
you want to style.
• We can divide CSS selectors into five categories:
• Simple selectors (select elements based on name, id, class)
• Combinator selectors (select elements based on a specific relationship
between them)
• Pseudo-class selectors (select elements based on a certain state)
• Pseudo-elements selectors (select and style a part of an element)
• Attribute selectors (select elements based on an attribute or attribute
value)
The CSS element Selector
• The element selector selects HTML elements based on the
element name.
The CSS id Selector
• The id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML element to
select a specific element.
• The id of an element is unique within a page, so the id selector is
used to select one unique element!
• To select an element with a specific id, write a hash (#) character,
followed by the id of the element.
The CSS id Selector
The CSS class Selector
• The class selector selects HTML elements with a specific class
attribute.

• To select elements with a specific class, write a period (.)


character, followed by the class name.
The CSS class Selector
The CSS class Selector
• You can also specify that only specific HTML elements should
be affected by a class.
The CSS class Selector
The CSS class Selector
• HTML elements can also refer to more than one class.
The CSS class Selector
The CSS Universal Selector
• The universal selector (*) selects all HTML elements on the
page.
The CSS Universal Selector
The CSS Grouping Selector
• The grouping selector selects all the HTML elements with the
same style definitions.
• Look at the following CSS code (the h1, h2, and p elements have
the same style definitions):
The CSS Universal Selector
How to
How To Add CSS
Three Ways to Insert CSS
• There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:
• External CSS
• Internal CSS
• Inline CSS
External CSS
• With an external style sheet, you can change the
look of an entire website by changing just one file!
• Each HTML page must include a reference to the
external style sheet file inside the <link> element,
inside the head section.
• External styles are defined within the <link> element,
inside the <head> section of an HTML page:
External CSS
External CSS
• An external style sheet can be written in any text
editor, and must be saved with a .css extension.
• The external .css file should not contain any
HTML tags.
• Here is how the "mystyle.css" file looks:
External CSS
Internal CSS
• An internal style sheet may be used if one single
HTML page has a unique style.
• The internal style is defined inside the <style>
element, inside the head section.
Internal CSS
Inline CSS
• An inline style may be used to apply a unique
style for a single element.
• To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the
relevant element. The style attribute can contain
any CSS property.
Inline CSS
Multiple Style Sheet
Assume that an external style sheet has the following style for the
<h1> element:
h1 {
color: navy;
}
Then, assume that an internal style sheet also has the following
style for the <h1> element:
h1 {
color: orange;
}
Multiple Style Sheet
Multiple Style Sheet

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