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ENGR-1100 Introduction To Engineering Analysis

The document discusses dry friction and coefficients of static and dynamic friction, explaining that static friction has a maximum value that prevents motion until exceeded, at which point an object will start to slip and dynamic friction applies. Several examples are given of problems involving friction forces on objects on inclined planes to determine the minimum horizontal or tensile forces needed to cause impending or continued motion. Class assignments involving additional example problems are also outlined.

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Harshit Mathur
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86 views21 pages

ENGR-1100 Introduction To Engineering Analysis

The document discusses dry friction and coefficients of static and dynamic friction, explaining that static friction has a maximum value that prevents motion until exceeded, at which point an object will start to slip and dynamic friction applies. Several examples are given of problems involving friction forces on objects on inclined planes to determine the minimum horizontal or tensile forces needed to cause impending or continued motion. Class assignments involving additional example problems are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Harshit Mathur
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGR-1100 Introduction to

Engineering Analysis

Lecture 24
Today’s Lecture Outline

Dry friction (Coulomb friction)


Friction
Friction forces oppose the tendency of contacting
surfaces to slip one relative to the other.

Dry friction- the tangential component


of the contact force.
Friction

Forces have to be concurrent in order


to be in equilibrium.
Friction forces as a function of P

Maximum value of friction forces is called the


limiting value of static friction. This condition is
also called the impending motion.
Tip vs. slip
P2>P1

F1
F2
Body Tips
The magnitude of the
friction forces
Fmax=sN
Where s is the coefficient of static friction.
It is independent of normal forces and area of contact.

The general case for equilibrium condition


F<sN
Once the body starts to slip
F=kN k is the coefficient of dynamic friction

k < s
The Resultant of the friction and
normal forces

R= N2+F2 tan = F/N

At the point of impending motion:


R= N2+F2max = N2+(sN)2 = N 1+ s2

tan s= F/N= sN/N= s s is the angle of static friction

s
Gravity forces in inclined
surfaces

For equilibrium: s


Example 9-4
Two blocks with masses mA = 20 kg and mB = 80 kg are connected
with a flexible cable that passes over a frictionless pulley as shown
in Fig. P9-4. The coefficient of friction between the blocks is 0.25.
If motion of the blocks is impending, determine the coefficient of
friction between block B and the inclined surface and the tension in
the cable between the two blocks.
Solution

Free body diagram for block A

Fy = An - 196.14 cos(35) = 0


An = 160.67 N

For impending motion of the block A: (Af = s.An)


+  Fx = -T + 0.25(160.67) + 196.14 sin 35 = 0
T = 152.67 N
Block B weight:
WB = mB.g = 80 (9.807) = 784.56 N

Free body diagram for block B:


Fy = Bn - 160.67 - 784.56 cos 35 = 0

Bn = 803.34 N

Fx = - Bf - 40.17 - 152.67 + 784.56 sin 35 = 0


Bf = 257.17 N

= Bf/Bn= 257.17/803.34 = 0.320


Class Assignment: Exercise set P9-1
please submit to TA at the end of the lecture

Determine the horizontal force P required to start


moving the 250-lb block shown in Fig. P9-1 up the
inclined surface. The coefficient of friction between
the inclined surface and the block is s = 0.30.

P = 265.29 lb  265.3b
Solution
For impending motion:
 

Ff = Fn = 0.30Fn

Free body diagram for the block:

Fy = Fn cos 30 - Ff sin 30 -W


= Fn cos 30 - 0.30Fn sin 30 - 250 = 0

Fn = 349.15 lb

Fx = P - Fn sin 30 - Ff cos 30


= P - 349.15 sin 30 - 0.30 (349.15) cos 30 = 0
P = 265.29 lb  265.3b
Class Assignment: Exercise set P9-36
please submit to TA at the end of the lecture

The masses of blocks A and B of Fig. P9-36 are mA = 40 kg


and mB = 85 kg. If the coefficient of friction is 0.25 for both
surfaces, determine the force P required to cause impending
motion of block B.

P  935 N
Solution
WA = mAg = 40 (9.807) = 392.28 N

From a free-body diagram for the block A


when motion is impending:
Af = Af (max) = A An = 0.25 An

Fy = An cos 45 + Af sin 45 - WA


= An cos 45 + 0.25 An sin 45 - 392.28 = 0
An= 443.81 N
Af= 0.25 An = 110.95 N
WB = mBg = 85 (9.807) = 833.60 N

From a free-body diagram for the


block B when motion is impending:
Bf = Bf (max) = Bn = 0.25Bn

Fx = P cos 20-WB sin 45-Af -Bf


= P cos 20-833.60 sin 45-110.95-0.25Bn = 0

Fy = P sin 20 - WB cos 45 - An + Bn

= P sin 20 - 833.60 cos 45 - 443.81 + Bn = 0


P  935 N
Class Assignment: Exercise set P9-3
please submit to TA at the end of the lecture

Workers are pulling a 400 lb crate up an incline as shown in


Fig. P9-3. The coefficient of friction between the crate and
the surface is 0.20, and the rope on which the workers are
pulling is horizontal.
(a) Determine the force P that the workers must exert to start
sliding the crate up the incline.
(b) If one of the workers lets go of the rope for a moment,
determine the minimum force the other workers must exert to
keep the crate from sliding back down the incline.

a) P=197.8 lb
b) P=25.8lb
Class Assignment: Exercise set P9-3
please submit to TA at the end of the lecture

A 120 lb girl is walking up a 48-lb uniform beam as shown in


Fig. P9-21. Determine how far up the beam the girl can walk
before the beam starts to slip if
(a)The coefficient of friction is 0.20 at all surfaces
(b)The coefficient of friction at the bottom end of the beam is
increased to 0.40 by placing a piece of rubber between the
beam and the floor.

a) x = 3.21 ft
b) x = 6.26 ft
Solution
(a) For a free-body diagram for the
beam when motion is impending:

Ar = An = 0.2An
Bf= Bn =680.2Bn
 = tan-16/8 = 36.87
Fh = Bn sin 36.87 - 0.2Bn cos 36.87 - 0.2An = 0
+  Fy = Bn cos 36.87 + 0.2Bn sin 36.87 + An - 120 - 48 = 0
Solving yields: An = 118.46 lb; Bn = 53.85 lb
+ MA = 48(6) cos 36.87 + 120(x) cos 36.87 - 53.85(10) = 0
x = 3.209 ft  3.21 ft
(b) For a free-body diagram for the
beam when motion is impending:

Ar = An = 0.4An
Bf= Bn = 0.2Bn
+  Fh = Bn sin 36.87 - 0.2Bn cos 36.87 - 0.4An = 0
+  Fy = Bn cos 36.87 + 0.2Bn sin 36.87 + An - 120 - 48 = 0
Solving yields:An = 91.49 lb; Bn = 83.17 lb
+ MA = 48(6) cos 36.87 + 120(x) cos 36.87 - 83.17(10) = 0
x = 6.264 ft  6.26 ft

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