Network Operating System

Presented by
Ye Kyaw Thein
M.Sc (Physics), M.I.Sc (Computer Science)

Compu Tech Computer Training & Servicing Co., Ltd.

No. 91/93, Bogyoke Aung San Road and coner of 49th Street, Pazundaung Township,
Yangon. Tel: 299539, 200823 ::::: mailto: [email protected]

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Major Network Operating System

 Novell Netware

 Microsoft Windows

 Unix/ Linux

 Macintosh OS (Mac OS)

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 Novell Netware

 Server version only

NetWare 3.x, 4.x, 5.x, 6.x
 Fairly minimal hardware requirement
Processor, Memory, M/B Chipset, Storage (RAID)

 Simple user interface

Command-line console, Menu-base utilities, New java base
graphical interface

 Third party support

Backup programs, E-mail, internet access, Border manager

 Interoperability with many type of computer

Dos, Windows 3x, Windows 9x, Windows NT, Mac OS, OS/2,
Unix/Linux

 Combine two protocol

IPX/SPX and TCP/IP (Version 5)
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 Microsoft Windows

 Server version and Workstation

Dos, Win3x, Win9x, WinNT4, Win2K, Win XP, Vista, Win7
NT4 Server, 2000 Server, Server 2003, Server 2008
 Maximum hardware requirement
Processor, Memory, M/B Chipset, Storage (RAID)

 Simple user interface (user friendly)

GUI (graphical user interface), NUI (network user interface)

 Built in utilities and Third party support

Backup programs, E-mail, internet access, Firewall

 Interoperability with many type of computer

Dos, Windows 3x, Windows 9x, Windows NT, Mac OS, OS/2,
Unix/Linux

 World wide protocol and MS NetBIOS

TCP/IP and NetBEUI (non routable)
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 UNIX and Linux

 Server version and Workstation

UNIX and Linux come in many version. (Sun’s Solaris, IBM’s
AIX UNIX, HP UNIX, BSD, - Redhat, SUSE, )
 Use Special hardware requirement for UNIX
RISC Platform Hardware (Processor/Memory/Storage array)

 Simple user interface (not user friendly)

Command-line console, Menu-base utilities, New java base
graphical interface

 Poor Application and Device Driver

Hardware, Utilities, User Application,

 Interoperability with many type of computer

Dos, Windows 3x, Windows 9x, Windows NT, Mac OS, OS/2,
Unix/Linux

 Basic internet protocol -(TCP/IP)

FTP, Telnet, HTTP, DNS, ARP 5
 Macintosh OS
 Server version and Workstation
Mac OS X Server and AppleShare IP (into all Macintosh system)
 Use Special hardware
RISC Platform Hardware (Processor, Memory, Chipset, Storage)

 Simple user interface (user friendly)

Graphical User Interface (Apple GUI)

 Mac Application and Device Driver

Hardware, Utilities, User Application, Protection program

 Interoperability with many type of computer

Dos, Windows 3x, Windows 9x, Windows NT, Mac OS, OS/2,
Unix/Linux

 Apple protocol
Apple Talk (for files and printer share), Apple Share IP (Mac to IP
network)

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 Protocol
 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol)
o Including TCP, IP, UDP, ICMP and other (HTTP, FTP, )
o developed by the US Department of Defense
o World wide Protocol
o Routeable Protocol
o OS Layer 3 / 4 (IP- Network , TCP – Transport)
o TCP/IP Address (e.g. 192.168.10.123)

 IPX/SPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange/ Sequence Packet

Exchange)
o develop by Novell
o Novell NetWare Default Protocol
o Routable Protocol
o OS Layer 3 / 4 (IPX- Network , SPX – Transport)
o IPX/SPX Address Type (Internal network Number. External
Network (MAC Number) (e.g. 12345678. 00-0e-1c-4e-ef-3b)
o Netware Core Protocol and Server Advertising Protocol 7
 NetBIOS/NetBEUI (Network Basic Input/ Output
System/NetBIOS Extended User Interface)
o Primary used in Windows 3x/9x and NT System
o developed by IBM Corporation
o Non- Routable Protocol
o OS Layer 4 / 5 (NetBEUI – Transport, NetBIOS Session)
o NetBIOS Name (Computer Name, Host Name)

 AppleTalk
o develop by Apple, portion of LocalTalk
o Most Macintosh use TCP/IP rather than AppleTalk
o AppleTalk uses a special function called Name Binding
Protocol
o NBP binds each system’s name to its AppleTalk Address
o install the AppleTalk protocol on your windows system
(PCMACLAN run on windows- PC to MAC)
(DAVE – Mac to windows, two way product)

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 Services
 File and Prints Services
o Files and print services for Microsoft Network
o Files and print services for Novell Network
o Files and print services for UNIX/Linux
o Files and print services for Apple Mac
 Directory Services
o Microsoft Active Directory Services (Domain Controller)
o Netware Directory Services (NDS)
 Protocol Services
o Server Advertising Protocol
o Simple Network Management Protocol
o File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
 Other Services
o World Wide Web Service
o SMTP Services
o Internet Gateway Services (GSNW)
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o Clients Services for Netware (CSNW)
 Connection Architecture
 Clients/Server (or) Domain Base
o Dedicated Server (Special hardware and NOS)
o Centralized Management/ Backup/ Security/ user database
o Suitable for large scale network (over 200 node)
o Different Hardware/ Operating System/ Software Program
o More Expensive rather than Peer to Peer
o Few difficult installation and maintain
o Domain permission and right (NTFS/FAT32/FAT)
 Peer to Peer
o No dedicated Server (normal hardware and OS for all PC)
o Manage all network resources on each PC (Clients/Server
role)
o Not suitable for large scale network (Network Speed)
o Not Centralized Management/ Backup/ Security/ user
database
o Easy to install and maintain
o Low Cost for every computer
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o Local user permission and right (NTFS Only)
 Network Architecture

 Open NA
o OSI (Open System Interconnection)
o TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol)

 Vendor specific proprietary NA

o SNA (IBM)
o DECnet (DEC)
o IPX/SPX (Novell)
o Apple Talk (Apple Computer)

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 OSI 7 Layer

Application Layer Layer 7 Provide Communication Services required for applications

Presentation Layer Layer 6 Data presentation, format translation and mapping

Session Layer Layer 5 management, synchronisation point control, etc.

Transport Layer Layer 4 Guarantees data transmission between end to end, etc

Network Layer Layer 3 Routing functions, etc

Data Link Layer Layer 2 Guarantees data transmission between adjacent system, error control, etc

Physical layer Layer 1 Connector and pin shapes, transmission media, etc
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Procedures in OSI

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 Relations
between headers and layers

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 IP Address Classes
o Structure of IP Addresses
• two parts of an IP address
• Network address parts: which network the IP address
belongs to
• Host address parts: The address of the computer
• Four classes (Class A to D)
• internet are assigned a 32 bit address IP (IPV4/ IPV6)
• the 32 bit are all “0” or “1”
• 127 are only used in special address (loop back address)

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 Class A Structure

o Structure of IP addresses for use in very large scale networks

hosted by a large number of computer
• Leading bit: “0”
• Network address parts: 7 bits
• Host address part: 24 bits
• no of network for which allocable address are available:126
• no of host addresses available for allocation to one
network: 16,777,214
• Classful Subnet mask: 255.0.0.0

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 Class B Structure

o Structure of IP addresses for use in medium to large scale

networks
• Leading bit: “10”
• Network address parts: 14 bits
• Host address part: 16 bits
• no of network for which allocable address are available:
16384
• no of host addresses available for allocation to one network:
65,534
• Classful Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0

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 Class C Structure

o Structure of IP addresses for use in small scale networks

• Leading bit: “110”
• Network address parts: 21 bits
• Host address part: 8 bits
• no of network for which allocable address are available:
2,097,150
• no of host addresses available for allocation to one network:
254
• Classful Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

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 Class D Structure
o Structure of IP addresses for use in special
communication modes (Groups Cast address)

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 IP Address Classes

 IP Addresses (Class A to Class D)

First Decimal
  Address Hosts per Network
Value

Class A 1-126 1.0.0.0 - 126.0.0.0 16.7 Million

Class B 128-191 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.0.0 65534

Class C 192-223 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0 254

Class D 224-239 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 Multicast address

Class E 240-255 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.254 Experimental address

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 IP Addresses (Class A to Class D)

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Classless Subnetting

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 Private IP Address

 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 (1 class A license)

 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255 (16 class B

license)

 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255 (256 class C

license)

Note: We refer to all other IP address as public IP

address

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Media Access Control Addresses

 Network Card Address

 Physical Address
 Layer1 Address
 MAC Address
48 bits address allocated
two parts: manufacture identifier, product identifier
Hexadecimal notation with each byte separated by “ - ” or “ : “
(Example: 54-39-A6-1B-02-C1 or 54:39:A6:1B:02:C1)
ipconfig, winipcfg, ifconfig, getmac, netstat

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 Special IP Addresses

 Network Address
address in which the host address part of the IP address
(network nameplates)
 Unicast Address
an address used to send to a specified node only
 Broadcast Address
used for broadcasting data to all the nodes belonging to a
network

 Multicast Address
used for sending data to all the nodes belonging to a specific
group
class D IP address used for identifying the specific group
(Multicast groups)

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SOHO network configuration

o Network Clients
• MS clients, Netware clients
o Network Interface Cards (NIC)
• 10/100/1000 base network card drivers
o Network Protocol
• TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, NetBEUI
o Network Services
• Files and prints sharing for Microsoft network
• Files and prints sharing for Netware network
• Netware Directory Services

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CompuTech
Computer
Training
&
Servicing
Co., Ltd.
No. 91/93,
Bogyoke Aung
San Road
&
Thank for all
Corner of 49th
Street,
Pazundaung
Township,
Yangon.

Phone:
299539, 200823

mailto:
[email protected] 27