Air Traffic Control

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
1
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
 TYPES OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
 DIVISIONS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM
 AIRPORT CONTROL
 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERS
 DISCIPLINES OF AIRPORT CONTROL
 RADAR CONTROL FACILITIES
 DEPARTURE OF AIR CRAFTS
 EN-ROUTE,CENTRE OR AREA CONTROL
 CALL SIGNS
 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES
 PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
 CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION
The ATC is bracing up to meet growing demands of
aircrafts with more ATC officers and new radar
systems.
The air traffic control(ATC) is the busiest in the
country handling over 250 or more movements.
It regulates the large volume of air traffic and also
handles test and military flights with varied aircraft
speed.
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WHAT IS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
Air traffic control(ATC) is a service provided by
ground based controllers who direct aircraft on the
ground and in the air.
The task of ensuring safe operations of
commercial and private aircraft falls on Air Traffic
Controllers.
The controllers coordinate the movements of
thousands of aircraft, keep them at certain distance,
direct them during movements, around bad weather
and ensure smooth flow with minimal delays.
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TYPES OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
1.En-route controllers
i. Terminal
a. High level airspace.
b. Low level airspace.
ii. En-route
a. High level airspace.
b. Low level airspace.
2.Airport controllers.
i. Ground control.
ii. Local or air control.
iii.Clearance delivery.
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DIVISIONS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
SYSTEM
Air Traffic Control System Command Center (ATCSCC)
Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC)
Terminal Radar Approach Control(TRACON)
Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT)
Flight Service Station(FSS)
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DEPARTURE OF AIRCRAFTS
 The TRANSPONDER detects the incoming radar
signals and broadcasts an amplified, encoded radio
signals in the direction of the detected radar wave.
The DEPARTURE CONTROLLER, located in the
TRACON facility monitors the aircraft and maintain
safe distance between ascending aircraft by
instructing the pilot.
The CENTER or ARTCC CONTROLLER passes an
updated flight progress slip and distributes it to new
controller.
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AIRPORT CONTROL
The primary method of controlling the airport enviro-
ment is visual observation from the control which is a
tall, windowed structure at the airport.
Tower controllers are responsible for the separation
and efficient movement of aircraft and vehicles
operating on the taxiways of the airport.
Controllers may use a radar display system called
Secondary Surveillance or Airport Surveillance Radar
for airborne traffic approaching and departing.
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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERS
Amsterdam’s Airport Chicago’s Airport

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DISCIPLINES OF AIRPORT CONTROL
Ground control: It is responsible for the airport
maneuvering areas or areas not released to the
airlines or other users.
Local or Air control: It is responsible for the active
runway surfaces.
Clearance Delivery: It is responsible for ensuring that
the aircraft has the proper route and slot time.
Apron control: It exists at extremely busy airports.
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RADAR CONTROL FACILITIES(TRACON)
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EN-ROUTE,CENTER OR AREA CONTROL
En-route air traffic controllers work in facilities
called Area Control Centers.
Centers control IFR aircraft from the time they depart
an airport or terminal area’s airspace to the time they
arrive at another airport.
Centers may also pick up VFR aircraft that are
already airborne and integrate them into IFR system.
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RADAR COVERAGE
Centers use long range radar to control a
large space area.
Centers may use TRACON radar data to
control to provide better picture of the
traffic.
13
CALL SIGNS
Call signs are a used to safe air traffic
separations and is used for scheduled flights
and air forces for military flights.
Different types of call signs:
 ICAO call signs are written with 3-letter
combination followed by the flight no.
Audio or Radio-telephony call signs are used
as the contact between pilots and Air Traffic
Control.
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TECHNOLOGIES IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
Conflict Alert (CA)

Minimum safe altitude warning
System coordination
Area Penetration Warning (APW)
Mode S
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PROBLEMS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
Weather
conditions
Traffic
Accidents
16
SOLUTIONS
New area control centre at Swan wick
Modern software developed by FAA and

NASA
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CONCLUSION
The Air Traffic Control (ATC) is the third busiest in
the country handling over 250 movements (landing
and takeoff) everyday.
 Besides regulating the large volume of air traffic,
handling test and military flights with varied aircraft
speed.
The ATC is, bracing up to meet the growing demands
of an ever-increasing fleet of commercial, civil and
military aircraft- more air traffic control officers and
new radar systems.
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Air Traffic Control

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Air Traffic Control

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What are the different types of air traffic control?

What are the divisions of the air traffic control system?

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL

Amsterdam’s Airport Chicago’s Airport

Conflict Alert (CA)

New area control centre at Swan wick

Modern software developed by FAA and

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