GOVERMENTAL SYSTEM OF INDONESIA

PROF. DR. TJAHYA SUPRIATNA,SU

 SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN

SYSTEM GOVERNMENTAL

1. System have the relevancy

in spectrum science 1. Governmental is the Power of State
2. System corelation to mean 2. Governmental have the Function, Affair, Institusional,
systemic, systematic, Principle, Azas, Tecnology etc government
systematicely and system 3. Governmetal are very smal is the implementation
3. Katz and Rozenweig mean of the state
System is the dynamic 4. Governmental is have the function of legislatif,
4. Cleland and eksekutif dan yudikatif
King System Ide and system 5. Governmentai in Indonesia have relevances to Hight
aproach and Higly Institutional
5. Sistem ( All sub system,
patern, norm, law to dynamic
activity in the end goal )
6. Social System is the Social GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM
life is the sub system political , 1. Activity function of element body institutional state
public admnistratian, econo- 2. The Implementation system by input, proces , output,
mic, governmental, law, culture outcome dan feedback
etc 3. In the Sosial Environmental family, social, state and
international
 SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENTAL

Administration
Etc
Sistem

Law Sistem

Politic
System
Governmental
System
Geography
Economic System
System

Social
Culture
System
System
 ILMU PEMERINTAHAN

GOAL AND IDENTITY OF STATE GOVERNMENTAL

FORM OF STATE
1. Scurity
1. STATE OF UNITARISME)
2. Orde
a. Sentralization System )
3. Prosferity b. Decentralization System )
4. Justice 2. STATE COMMONWEALT
5. Welfare ( FEDERALISME )

FORM OF STATE GOVERNMENTAL

1. Monarkhi ( Absolute , Konstitutional dan
Parlementer )
2. Republic ( Absolute , Konstitutional and
Parlementer )
3. Diktaktorship

State of Governmental System

1. Parlementer and 2. Presidensiil
 Regulation System in Governmental Indonesia
1. Constitutional or UUD 1945
2. UU DAN PERPU
3. Government Regulation ( Peraturan Pemerintah )
4. Presiden Regulation ( Peraturan Presiden )
5. Presiden Decision ( Keputusan Presiden )
6. Regolation Local Government ( Peraturan Daerah )

LOW OF STATE (HUKUM TATA NEGARA )

Yuridiction Regulation law to make and given implementation power body statemanship in central and
local government
1. Peraturan-peraturan Hukum ( Law regulation )
2. Badan-badan Kenegaraa ( Institutional State )
3. Kekuasaan Negara ( Power State )
4. Pemerintah Pusat ( Central Government )
5. Pemerintah Daerah ( Local Government )

LAW ADMINISTRATION GOVERMENTAL ( HUKUM TATA PEMERINTAHAN )

Power dan Function State and Government to implementation :
1. State function in to stronght law ( Fungsi negara dalam penguatan hukum
2. Law Function in governmental direvtive, stabilization, integration, persfective and corective ( Fungsi
hukum dalam pemerintahan direktif, stabilitatif, integratif, perspektif dan korektif )
3. Function of governmental is very esential to regualation, public sevice, development, pacilitation,
and empowering ( Fungsi pemerintahan secara esensial (regulasi, pelayanan , perlindungan,
pembangunan, fasilitasi, pemberdayaan )
 SUMBER HUKUM TATA NEGARA DAN PEMERINTAHAN
1. C onstitution 1945 ( UUD 1945 )
2. Regulation and Public Regulation ( UU DAN PERPU )
3. Public Regulation ( Peraturan Pemerintah )
4. Presiden Regulation ( Peraturan Presiden )
5. Presiden Act (Keputusan Presiden )
6. Local Act (Peraturan Daerah )

HUKUM TATA NEGARA

Peraturan-peraturan hukum yg mengatur pembentukan dan pemberian kekuasaan badan kenegaraan baik di pusat
maupun di daerah

UNSUR HUKUM TATA NEGARA

1. Peraturan-peraturan Hukum
2. Badan-badan Kenegaraan
3. Kekuasaan Negara
4. Pemerintah Pusat
5. Pemerintah Daerah

HUKUM TATA PEMERINTAHAN

Penyelenggara Negara dan Pemerintahan melaksanakan :
1. Fungsi negara dalam penguatan hukum
2. Fungsi hukum dalam pemerintahan ( Direktif, Stabilitatif, Integratif, Perspektif dan Korektif )
3. Fungsi pemerintahan secara esensial (regulasi, pelayanan , perlindungan, pembangunan, fasilitasi,
pemberdayaan )
 LANDASAN SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN INDONESIA :
1, IDIIL PANCASILA
2. PEMBUKAAN UUD 1945
3. KONSTITUSI UUD 1945 ( Sebelum dan sesudah Perubagan Konstitusi )

STATE OF INDONESIAN THE INTEGRALISTIC STATE

1. Indonesian State backround to Law ( Rechstaat ) and not to Absolute Power

( Machstaat )
2. Government system to orientation is Constituional System and not to
Absolutisme Power
3. Hightly Power State is hand power MPR
4. President to implementation government state above of MPR and implementation
of state governmental is power and responcibility to Presient
5. President not responcibility to MPR, President can to agreement DPR to make
agrement Legislatif in the make Regulation and agrement APBN
6. State Ministery is staf of President and President to agrement and stoped
Ministery. Ministery not responcibility to legislatif body or DPR
7. Power Head State is limited and President to orientation effort of legislatif body
or DPR
 PRIODS TO GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM OF IDONESIAN
REPUBLIC

1.Priode Year 1945 – 1949 ( KNIP is Presidential Cabinet to

reform Parlementer Cabibat )
2.Priode Year 1949 – 1950 ( RIS is Parlementer Cabinet
3.Priode Year 1950-1959 is principle Liberal democratic and
Parlementer Cabinet
4.Priode 1959- 1966 ( Democratic Terpimin )
5. Priode 1966- 1998 ( New Orde Governmental )
6. Priode 1998 – in year ( Reformation Governmental )
 FUNGSI PEMERINTAHAN
( MENURUT DAVEY DALAM “ SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN “ )

1. Public Policy yaitu Kebijakan Publik Dalam Rangka Pengaturan

Pemerintahan( Public Policy ) Teori Dwi Praja, Teori Trias Politica,
Teori Catur Praja, Panca Praja dsb
2. Public Management ( Manajemen Pemerintahan )
3. Public Service (Pelayanan Publik )
4. Developmental (Pembangunan )
5. Social Empowering ( Pemberdayaan Masyarakat )
6. Decentralization of Government ( Desentralisasi Pemerintahan )
 PRINCIPLE OF GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM

1. Public Interest (Mengutamakan Kepentingan Umum )

2. Law Imporcement ( Supremasi Hukum)
3. Democratization ( Demoratisasi )
4. Accountability (Akuntabilitas)
5. Transparancy and Responcibility (Keterbukaan dan Responsif )
6. Efectiveness and Efectivity) (Efisiensi dan Efektivitas )
7. Professional and Proforcional (Profesional dan Public Legitimacy)
8. Vissioner Leadership (Kepemimpinan Visoner)
9. Public Service (Pelayanan Umum Optimal /Memuaskan
10. Public Legitimacy ( Legitimasi Pemerintahan)
FILOSOPHY OF GOVERNMENTAN SISTEM OF REPUBLIC INDONESIA ( FALSAFAH
SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN NEGARA RI
1. Phylofophy of State is the State Falsafah Pancasila is of orientation
to : Idealisme, Realisme, Materialisme, Humanisme, and soon .
2. Indonesian State orientation from Basic Value and National and
fundamental nation is to orientation Phlosophy of Pancasila ( Negara
Indonesia bersumber dari nilai dasar dan fundamental bangsa dengan
Falsafah Idiil Pancasila ).
3. Fhysosophy of State is Pancasila can be resources of law and norms
Public Administration (Falsafah Negara berupa Pancasila menjadi
segala sumber hukum dan Normatif Administrasi Negara );
4. Phylosophy State Pancasila to guide in sosiety, nation and state buliding
( Paslafah Pancasila menuntun kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan
bernegara ;
5. Phylosophy State Pancasila and Constitution 1945 is the fundamental
Public Administration Government State ( Falsafah Negara ( Pancasila )
bersama dengan UUD 1945 menjadi landasan adminsitrasi pemerintahan
Negara );
6. Phylosophy State Pancasila is the implementation to obyective in the
Public Administation (Falsafah Pancasila diwujudkan secara utuh dalam
penyelenggaraan Administrasi Pemerintahan Negara )
 PRINCIPLE OF INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN
CONTITUTIONAL 1945 ( PRINSIP POKOK SISTIM PEMERINTAHAN
NEGARA NDONESIA SESUAI DENGAN KONSTITUSI UUD 1945 )

1. Belief of God ( Ketuhanan YME )

2. Law State and Rule of Law ( Negara Hukum dan Berdasarkan Hukum_
3. Supranighty of People and Democratcy ( Paham Kedaulatan
rakyat dan Demokrasi )
4. Sparation of Power (Pemisahan / Pembagian Kekuasaan ) and Cheeks and
Balances
5. Direct Democracy and Reprersentative ( Demokrasi Langsung dan
Perwakilan )
6. Governmental Presidential System ( Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensiil )
7. Intergralisty and Heterogenity ( Persatuan dan Keberagaman )
8. Democratic in Sosial Ekonomy (Paham Demokrasi Ekonomi dan Ekonomi
Sosial )
9. Idea to madani Sosiety ( Cita masyarakat Madani )
 Constitutional Amandement UUD 1945 in the Four
Change ( 1945Amandeman Konstitusi UUD1945
Empat Kali Perubahan

1. Principle of People Orinetation in Constitutional ( Prinsip Kedaulatan Rakyat

dalam Konstitusi )
2. Opening Konstitutional 1945 as Fundamental values and Cultural to
orientation and goal NKRI ( Pembukaan UUD 1945 menjadi Nilai Fundamental
and Struktural dan Kultural bagi arah dan tujuan NKRI )
3. Principle of direct Democratic and ( Prinsip Demokrasi Perwakilan dan
Demokrasi langsung
4. Parliamentary Bicameral in name DPR and DPD ( Pembentukan parlemen dua
kamar yaitu DPR dan DPD )
5. Court Constitutional and Yudicial Constituional Pembentukan Mahkamah
Konstitusi dan Mahkamah Yudisial ;
6. Power of President and Vice President Two Limited Power ( Kekuasaan
Presiden /Wakil 2 kali berturut )
7. Local Government System is a Symetric and symetric government ( Sistem
Pemerintahan Daerah Otonomi Asimetris dan Simetris )
8. And soon (Dsb )
 SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN INDONESIA BERDASARKAN UUD 1945
SESUDAH AMANDEMEN
• State of Indonesian is the Integralistic state in name Republic and State Law (Negara
Indonesia adalah Negara Kesatuan yg berbentuk Republik dan Negara Hukum ).
• Supranighty of people and orientation to Constitutuinal (Kedaulatan di tangan Rakyatdan
dilaksanakan menurut UUD );
• MPR MPR terdiri dari anggota DPR, dan DPD yang dipilih melalui Pemilu, MPR mengubah
dan menetapkan UUD, MPR dapat memberhentikan Presiden /Wkl Presiden dalam masa
jabatannya menurut UUD.
• Power of Governmental State is the hand of President and Vice President (Kekuasaan
Pemerintahan Negara berada ditangan Presiden yang dibantu oleh Wakil Presiden );
• President do not to change of DPR ( Presiden tidak dapat membubarkan DPR) ;
• President have higly of power Militery ( Presiden memegang kekuasaan tertinggi Angkatan darat, Laut
dan Udara )
• President is need s of State Ministery to have Governmental Affair (Presiden dibantu oleh
Menteri-Menteri Negara yang membidangan urusan tertentu ) pemerintahan dan Menteri Negara
diangkat dan berhentikan oleh Presiden ;
• State of Indonesian have to Local pf Provincy local and Local Provincy have local of
Towrn and municiple ( Negara NKRI dibagi atas daerah-daerah Provinsi dan daerah provinsi dibagi
daerah Kabupaten dan Kota );
• Legislaive Body or DPR is elected by General Election and have power to make UU. Local
Refrecentative Body or DPD is elected by General Election in any Local by Election ( DPR
dipilih melalui Pemilu memegang kekuasaan membentuk UU . DPD dipilih dari setiap Daerah melalui Pemilu.
• Genereal Relection by Direct, General, Pree and soon at five year ago to election for
MPR, DPR, DPD and President / Vice Precident and DPRD ( Pemilu dilaksanakan secara langsung,
umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur dan adil setiap lima tahun sekali untuk memilih MPR, DPR, DPD, President or
Presiden/Walik dan DPR D).
• Court Justice have to power Kehakiman to implementation of justied, law and soon
( Mahkamah Agung memegang kekuasaan kehakiman untuk menyeleng-garakan peradilan, menegakkan hukum
dan keadilan;)
STRUCTURE OF STATE GOVERNMENTAL BEFORE TO CANGE OF KONTITUTIONAL 1945
(STRUKTUR TATA PEMERINTAHAN NEGARA SEBELUM PERUBAHAN UUD 1945 )

MPR

DPR PRESIDEN BPK DPA MA

 STRUKTUR TATA PEMERINTAHAN NEGARA
SETELAH PERUBAHAN UUD 1945

UUD 1945

KEKUASAAN KEHAKIMAN
BPK MPR, DPR MAHKAMAH AGUNG,
PRESIDEN/ WAPRES
&DPD MAH KAMAH KONSITUSI DAN
KOMISI YUDISIAL

EKSAMINATIF LEGISLATIF EKSEKUTIF YUDIKATIF