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    University of El Salvador Western Multidisciplinary Faculty Language Department

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    Gaby Campos
    This document provides an overview of phonetics and pronunciation for students studying American English. It discusses segmentals like phonemes and suprasegmentals like stress and intonation. Key terms are defined, such as phoneme, allophone, diphthong, consonant cluster, and inflections. Articulatory phonetics is the production of sounds, involving articulators like the lips, tongue, and teeth. Practice and immersion are important for improving pronunciation over time. There are more sounds in spoken English than letters in the alphabet, with 44 phonemes represented in a phonetic alphabet.

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    University of El Salvador Western Multidisciplinary Faculty Language Department

    Uploaded by

    Gaby Campos
    22 views19 pages
    This document provides an overview of phonetics and pronunciation for students studying American English. It discusses segmentals like phonemes and suprasegmentals like stress and intonation. Key terms are defined, such as phoneme, allophone, diphthong, consonant cluster, and inflections. Articulatory phonetics is the production of sounds, involving articulators like the lips, tongue, and teeth. Practice and immersion are important for improving pronunciation over time. There are more sounds in spoken English than letters in the alphabet, with 44 phonemes represented in a phonetic alphabet.

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    class 1 INTRODUCTION 2011

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    This document provides an overview of phonetics and pronunciation for students studying American English. It discusses segmentals like phonemes and suprasegmentals like stress and intonation. Key terms are defined, such as phoneme, allophone, diphthong, consonant cluster, and inflections. Articulatory phonetics is the production of sounds, involving articulators like the lips, tongue, and teeth. Practice and immersion are important for improving pronunciation over time. There are more sounds in spoken English than letters in the alphabet, with 44 phonemes represented in a phonetic alphabet.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    22 views19 pages

    University of El Salvador Western Multidisciplinary Faculty Language Department

    Uploaded by

    Gaby Campos
    This document provides an overview of phonetics and pronunciation for students studying American English. It discusses segmentals like phonemes and suprasegmentals like stress and intonation. Key terms are defined, such as phoneme, allophone, diphthong, consonant cluster, and inflections. Articulatory phonetics is the production of sounds, involving articulators like the lips, tongue, and teeth. Practice and immersion are important for improving pronunciation over time. There are more sounds in spoken English than letters in the alphabet, with 44 phonemes represented in a phonetic alphabet.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    UNIVERSITY OF EL SALVADOR

    WESTERN MULTIDISCIPLINARY
    FACULTY
    LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

    AMERICAN ENGLISH
    PRONUNCIATION
     English pronunciation is designed to help
    students
    • improve pronunciation skills,
    • overcome pronunciation problems when speaking,
    • avoid being misunderstood by other people,
    • communicate clearly.
    • increase vocabulary.
     This will be done by studying and practicing
    the following features:

     segmentals (phonemes) and

     suprasegmentals (stress and intonation)


     Frequent practice and review are important

     Improvement takes time.

     TIPS:
     Always read aloud.
     Immerse yourself in the language, through
    conversations, movies, music, etc.

     PHONETICS
    -The study of the sound of language
    -The study of speech sounds used in the
    languages of the world
    - the study of the sounds made by the
    human voice in speech
     Articulatory Phonetics:

     Acoustic Phonetics:
     The physical properties of sound waves.

     Auditory Phonetics:
     Perception of the sounds by the brain.
    Articulatory phonetics

    • Physiological mechanism of speech

    production.
    • The study of how phones* are
    produced
    • *Phone= A speech sound
    represented with phonetic symbols
    (Consonants and
    vowels)
     Sounds are formed by the motion of air through
    the mouth
     Consonants:
     Made by restricting or blocking the airflow in some way
     May be voiced or voiceless
     Vowels:
     Made with less obstruction
     Usually voiced
     Generally louder and longer than consonants
     Consonants are defined by
     Place of articulation

     The point of maximum constriction

     Manner of articulation

     How the restriction of airflow is made

     Voicing

     State of the glottis


     Consonants:
     Consonants are sounds made by blocking the
    flow of air coming out from the lungs. In the case of
    the sounds /j/ (as in yellow) and /w/ (as in west) the
    distinction is not clear. These are called semi-
    vowels. The consonant is voiced when the blockage
    of air is accompanied by vibration of the vocal
    cords. If there is no vibration of the vocal cords, the
    consonant is unvoiced.
     In phonetics, an allophone (from the Greek:
    ἄλλος, állos, "other" and φωνή, phōnē, "voice,
    sound") is a variant of a phoneme; changing the
    allophone will not change the meaning of a word,
    but the result may sound non-native, or be
    unintelligible.
     Phoneme:
     A phoneme is a sound unit which is
    significant in a language. Another word for
    phoneme is sound. A phoneme is an abstract unit
    of speech sound that can distinguish words: That
    is, changing a phoneme in a word can produce
    another word.
     Vowels:
     A vowel is a sound produced when the flow of
    air from the lungs is not blocked and the vocal cords
    are vibrating. Different vowels can be produced by
    changing the position of the tongue. Which vowel is
    produced depends on which part of the tongue is
    raised and how far it is raised. Vowels can vary in
    length, and in one of the versions of the phonetic
    alphabet script, the longer vowels have two dots
    after them, for example, /i:/.
     Phone

     It’s a speech sound or gesture considered a


    physical event without regard to its place in the
    phonology of a language
     Diphthong:
     A diphthong is a complex vowel. It starts
    sounding like one vowel sound and then changes
    and ends sounding like another. An example is
    the vowel sound in rain /rein./
     Consonant Cluster:
     A consonant cluster is two or more consonant sounds together; for
    example, the /spr/ at the beginning of the word spring /sprIŋ/.

     Inflections: The past tense inflection ed is pronounced in three different ways


    depending on the last sound in the verb. If the main verb ends with the
    sound /t/ or /d/ ed is pronounced /Id/. If the verb ends with a voiceless
    consonant other than /t/, ed is pronounced /t/. If the verb ends with any other
    sound, ed is pronounced /d/. Examples of these three inflections are:
     1. Wanted /wαntId/ 2. Walked /wkɔkt/
    3. Called /kɔld/
     Articulators:
     are the different parts of the mouth area that
    we use when speaking, such as the lips, tongue,
    teeth, and jaw.
     When it comes to writing, English language uses
    26 different letter from the Alphabet, however,
    when it comes to speaking there are over 44
    different sounds that can be made through this
    language. We call these sounds phonemes.
     Identifying these sounds may be difficult in the
    beginning but with some further knowledge and
    practice you will be able to master them all.
     There are, of course, 44 writing characters to
    represent these phonemes that, all together, make
    a “phonetic alphabet”. (PA)

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