Motion PPT (Summary)

Motion
Chapter 1
Helmiyanto
OBJECTIVE
explain why all motion is relative.
I can explain why all motion is relative.
I can define motion and speed.
I can calculate speed, using the formula speed = distance/time.
I can distinguish between constant speed and average speed.

I can represent speed graphically as distance/time.
I can distinguish between speed and velocity.
I can define acceleration and deceleration.
I can calculate acceleration and deceleration using the given formula.
I can interpret the distance/time graph for acceleration.

 When describing something that is moving, you
are comparing it with something that is
assumed to be stationary (not moving).
 Thereference point is the background or

object that is used for comparison.
 Ex: You are on a train that just left the platform.

 The people standing on the platform see you moving
away. (earth)
 The person sitting next to you does not see you
moving. (train)
 referencepoint depends on the type of movement
and position from which you are observing.
 An actor may be standing still and the background

is moving, but to us we think the actor is going
somewhere.
 We assume the background
is stationary.
 Earth is the most commonly

used frame of reference.
Motion
 Motionis a change in position in a certain
amount of time.
 When you say that something has moved,

you are describing motion.
 Indescribing motion, you are comparing it

with some reference point/frame of
reference.
Speed
In a race, the runners had to move or
change positions to get to the finish
line in a certain amount of time.
To describe motion you need to know:

 distance traveled (meters – m)
 how long it took to go that distance
(seconds – s)
Speed
 Speed is the rate at which an object moves.
 Thefaster a runner’s rate of motion, the

faster the runner’s speed.
 Speed = distance/time
 Units = m/s
Constant Speed
 Objectsin motion that their speed does not
change is moving at a constant speed.
 Total
distance divided by total time give speed at
any point in time.
 Graph is a straight
line for constant speed.
Problem
 At what speed did a plane fly if it
traveled 1760 meters in 8 seconds?
Average Speed
 Not all objects move at constant speeds.
 The average speed also uses the formula speed =

total distance/ total time
 Going to Columbus, you

change speeds during the
drive many times. So over
all you travel at an average
speed.
Velocity
 Velocityis speed in a given direction. It is also
determined by using the distance from the starting
position to the ending position, rather than the distance of
the path taken.
 A runner moves eastward at 10m/s.

 speed is 10m/s
 velocity is 10m/s east
 Velocity
is very important for airplane pilots, weather
forecasters and anyone driving from one place to another.
Acceleration
 The rate of change in velocity is known as
acceleration.
 Ifsomething is accelerating, it is doing one

of the following:
 speeding up
 slowing down
 changing directions
Acceleration

 Final = ending velocity

 Initial = starting velocity
 Ittells how fast something is moving and gives

direction.
 Used when there are changes in velocity.

Problem
 A roller
coaster’s velocity at the top of a hill is
10m/s. Two seconds later it reaches the
bottom of the hill with a velocity of 26m/s.
What is the acceleration of the roller coaster?
Deceleration
 When there is a decrease in velocity, the value of
acceleration is negative.
 Negative acceleration = deceleration
 Distance – time graphs

for acceleration is always
a curve.
Why draw line graphs?
• A line graph is a good way of

showing if there is a pattern in the
relationship between two numerical
quantities that change continuously.
• A distance-time graph shows how
the distance of a moving object
changes over time, in other words, it
shows its speed.
Distance-time graphs
Graph 1
• What sort of motion
does this graph show?
• No motion – the
object is not moving
Graph 2
What sort of motion

• Constant, or steady
speed
[The distance
increases by the same
amount each second.]
Graph 3
What sort of motion
• Accelerating – getting
faster
[The distance increases
more each second.]
not moving moving at a constant speed
Speed-time graphs
• A speed-time graph shows

how the speed of a moving object
changes over time, in other words
whether it is speeding up
(accelerating), slowing down
(decelerating) or moving at a
steady speed.
Speed-time graphs
moving with constant acceleration

moving at a constant speed
Look carefully!
• The same line means different things on a distance-time
graph and a speed-time graph, e.g.:
constant speed constant acceleration

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Motion

I can explain why all motion is relative.

I can define motion and speed.

I can calculate speed, using the formula speed = distance/time.

I can distinguish between constant speed and average speed.

I can distinguish between speed and velocity.

I can define acceleration and deceleration.

I can calculate acceleration and deceleration using the given formula.

I can interpret the distance/time graph for acceleration.

 Thereference point is the background or

 Ex: You are on a train that just left the platform.

 An actor may be standing still and the background

 Earth is the most commonly

 When you say that something has moved,

 Indescribing motion, you are comparing it

To describe motion you need to know:

 Thefaster a runner’s rate of motion, the

 The average speed also uses the formula speed =

 Going to Columbus, you

 A runner moves eastward at 10m/s.

 Ifsomething is accelerating, it is doing one

 Final = ending velocity

 Ittells how fast something is moving and gives

 Used when there are changes in velocity.

 Negative acceleration = deceleration

 Distance – time graphs

• A line graph is a good way of

What sort of motion

• A speed-time graph shows

moving with constant acceleration

graph and a speed-time graph, e.g.:

constant speed constant acceleration

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