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Introduction To The New Field OF: Nanopiezotronics

This document introduces the new field of nanopiezotronics and its application in nanogenerators. Nanopiezotronics involves using the piezoelectric effect at the nanoscale, where certain nanomaterials like ZnO nanowires can generate electricity when mechanically deformed. Nanogenerators use arrays of ZnO nanowires to convert ambient mechanical energy into electricity, with potential uses powering small portable devices or being woven into clothing to charge devices from body movements. Researchers are developing flexible "power textiles" that could harvest energy from various mechanical sources.

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Sakshi Dhingra
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64 views

Introduction To The New Field OF: Nanopiezotronics

This document introduces the new field of nanopiezotronics and its application in nanogenerators. Nanopiezotronics involves using the piezoelectric effect at the nanoscale, where certain nanomaterials like ZnO nanowires can generate electricity when mechanically deformed. Nanogenerators use arrays of ZnO nanowires to convert ambient mechanical energy into electricity, with potential uses powering small portable devices or being woven into clothing to charge devices from body movements. Researchers are developing flexible "power textiles" that could harvest energy from various mechanical sources.

Uploaded by

Sakshi Dhingra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW FIELD

OF

NANOPIEZOTRONICS

AND ITS APPLICATION IN

NANOGENERATORS
Contents
• What is NANOPIEZOTRONICS

• Materials that show Nanopiezoelectricity

• Principle of Nanopiezotronics

• Application in NANAOGENERATORS

• Future scope
Nanopiezotronics

Nano : derived from Greek word meaning "dwarf”


denoting a factor of 10−9

Piezo : means to squeeze or to press

-tronics :  a suffix referring to a device, tool, or


instrument
Piezoelectric effect
Definition: ability of some materials to generate an
electric potential in response to applied mechanical
stress.
A question of structure

Centrosymmetry Non-centrosymmetry

Ref. [2]
Which material?
In nature :
- Quartz
- Topaz
- Cane sugar
- Bones

Human-made :

- some crystals
- even some polymers
- but mainly ceramics

in particular : ZnO
ZnO (Zinc Oxide)

Structure 
Comes in two different types of crystal

Blende Wurtzite
Blende
Wurtzite
ZnO : the perfect material

WHY ZnO?

• ZnO is a wide-band gap(3.37 eV) semiconductor that has


huge potential for electronic, optoelectronic, and optical
applications.

• It can tolerate large amounts of deformation without


damage
• These are biocompatible, allowing their
use in the body without toxic effects.

• ZnO has polar surfaces. The electrostatic


interaction energy and distinct chemical
activities of the polar surfaces results in
the formation of a wide range of
structures, such as
Nanowires, Nanorings, Nanobelts, and
Nanohelices.
Principle of Nanopiezotronics
Nanogenerator Principles

• Piezoelectric effect
Stress  electric field/potential distribution

Ref. [10]
Nanowire contacts

• Bottom ohmic contact:


work function < electron affinity of ZnO

• Top Contact: Schottky diode:


work function > electron affinity of ZnO
Potential build up and discharge made possible by the
Schottky barrier

Ref. [10]
Direct current Nanogenerator driven by
ultrasonic waves

• AFM tip replaced by zigzag electrode


• Vertically aligned array of ZnO NW

Ref. [11]
Different configuration possibilities of the NW in respect
to the zigzag electrode
Upcoming Technology

Researchers at Georgia Tech are developing a


“power shirt” capable of running portable electronic
gadgets. Clothing woven with fibers containing
microscopic “nanogenerators” will use piezoelectric
effects to convert the wearer’s movements into
electrical energy.

According to Georgia Tech, the nanogenerator-


impregnated fibers could also find use in curtains,
tents, and other flexible structures, enabling the
harvesting of energy from wind motion, sound
vibration, or other mechanical energy.

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