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Time Response (1st Order System)

This document discusses first order systems and their time response characteristics. It explains that first order systems have one pole, and their transient response to a step input decays exponentially. The location of the single pole determines the rate at which the step response decays and reaches its final steady state value. Specifications like rise time and settling time can be used to quantify the transient response based on the system's pole location.

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Firdaus Treeza
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88 views21 pages

Time Response (1st Order System)

This document discusses first order systems and their time response characteristics. It explains that first order systems have one pole, and their transient response to a step input decays exponentially. The location of the single pole determines the rate at which the step response decays and reaches its final steady state value. Specifications like rise time and settling time can be used to quantify the transient response based on the system's pole location.

Uploaded by

Firdaus Treeza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Time Response

First Order System

1
Performance of Control Systems

 Specifications (time domain)


 Standard input signals used in design
 actual signals unknown
 standard test signals
 step, ramp, parabola, impulse, etc.
 sinusoid (study freq. response later)
 Transient response
 Steady-state response
 Relate to locations of poles and zeros
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Poles, Zeros, and System Response
 Output response of systems = forced response +
natural responses. Poles and zeros can describe
that response.
 Poles :
 The value of the Laplace transform variable, s, that cause
the transfer function to become infinite.
 Any roots of the denominator of the transfer function that
are common to roots of the numerator.
 Zeros :
 The value of the Laplace transform variable, s, that cause
the transfer function to become zero.
 Any roots of the numerator of the transfer function that are
common to roots of the denominator.

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Poles, Zeros, and System Response
s-Plane

7
Poles, Zeros, and System Response
s-Plane : complex root

8
Poles, Zeros, and System Response
s-Plane : complex conjugate root

9
Poles, Zeros, and System Response
s-Plane : Magnitude-Angle Alternative

10
Pole and Zero of a 1st order system
An example

Pole → s=-5
Zero → s=-2

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Pole and Zero of a 1st order system
An example

 The unit step response of the system:

12
Pole and Zero of a 1st order system
An example

13
Pole and Zero of a 1st order system
An example

 A pole of the input generates the form of the forced


response.
 A pole of the transfer function generates the form of
the natural response.
 A pole on the real axis generates an exponential
responses. The farther to the left a pole is on the
negative real axis, the faster the exponential
transient response will decay to zero.
 The zeros and poles generates the amplitudes for
both the forced and natural responses.

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First-Order System

15
First-Order System

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First-Order System
Transient response specifications

18
First-Order System
Transient response specifications
 Rise time, Tr
is defined as the time for the waveform to go from 0.1 to
0.9 of its final value.

 Settling time, Ts
is defined as the time for the response to reach, and
stay within, 2% of its final value.

where

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