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Swarm Intelligence1

This document discusses swarm intelligence, which is an artificial intelligence technique based on collective behavior in decentralized, self-organized systems. It describes intelligent agents, rational agents, different types of agents, environments, examples like ant colony optimization and particle swarm optimization, applications of swarm robotics, and provides references.

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Akshay K K
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27 views17 pages

Swarm Intelligence1

This document discusses swarm intelligence, which is an artificial intelligence technique based on collective behavior in decentralized, self-organized systems. It describes intelligent agents, rational agents, different types of agents, environments, examples like ant colony optimization and particle swarm optimization, applications of swarm robotics, and provides references.

Uploaded by

Akshay K K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SWARM INTELLIGENCE

Adithya A U
S6
160021052964
Introduction
 Swarm intelligence (SI) is an artificial intelligence technique
based around the study of collective behavior in decentralized,
self-organized systems.

 Introduced by Beni & Wang in 1989.

 Typically made up of a population of simple agents.

 Examples in nature : ant colonies, bird flocking, animal herding


etc.
Intelligent Agents
 An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its
environment through sensors and acting upon that
environment through effectors.
Rational Agents
 Rationality - expected success given what has been perceived.

 Rationality is not omniscience.

 Ideal rational agent should do whatever action is expected to


maximize its performance measure, on the basis of the
evidence provided by the percept sequence and whatever built-
in knowledge the agent has.

 Factors on which Rationality depends


 Performance measure (degree of success).
 Percept sequence (everything agent has perceived so far).
 Agents knowledge about the environment.
 Actions that agent can perform.
Structure of IA

 Agent = Program + Architecture

 A Simple Agent Program.


Simple Reflex Agents
 Follows Condition-Action Rule.

 Needs to perceive its environment completely.


Model Based Agents
 Need not perceive the environment completely.

 Maintains an internal state.

 Internal states should be updated.


Goal Based Agents
 Makes decisions to achieve a goal.

 More flexible.
Utility Based Agents
 A complete specification of the utility function allows rational
decisions in two kinds of cases.
 Many goals, none can be achieved with certainty.
 Conflicting goals.
Environment
 Accessible vs. Inaccessible

 Deterministic vs. Non-deterministic

 Episodic vs. Non-episodic

 Static vs. Dynamic

 Continuous vs. Discreet


An Environment Procedure
Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)
 First ACO system- Marco Dorgo,1992

 Ants search for food.

 The shorter the path the greater the pheromone left by an ant.

 The probability of taking a route is directly proportional to the


level of pheromone on that route.

 As more and more ants take the shorter path, the pheromone
level increases.

 Efficiently solves problems like vehicle routing, network


maintenance, the traveling salesperson.
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
 Population based Stochastic optimization technique.

 Developed by Dr. Eberhart & Dr. Kennedy in 1995.

 The potential solutions, called particles, fly through the


problem space by following the current optimum particles.

 Applied in many areas: function optimization, artificial neural


network training, fuzzy system control etc.
Swarm Robotics
 Most important application area of Swarm Intelligence

 Swarms provide the possibility of enhanced task performance,


high reliability (fault tolerance), low unit complexity and
decreased cost over traditional robotic systems

 Can accomplish some tasks that would be impossible for a


single robot to achieve.

 Swarm robots can be applied to many fields, such as flexible


manufacturing systems, spacecraft, inspection/maintenance,
construction, agriculture, and medicine work
Applications
 Massive (Multiple Agent Simulation System in Virtual
Environment) Software.
 Developed Stephen Regelous for visual effects industry.

 Snowbots
 Developed Sandia National laboratory.
References
http://en.wikipedia.org

http://www.swarmbots.com

http://www.siprojects.com
Thank you

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