" Pavement Design ": Technical Seminar ON

TECHNICAL SEMINAR
ON

“ PAVEMENT DESIGN ”

Presented By

Santhosh Chatti
1VJ17CV036

Under The Guidance of

Miss. Sahana T Swamy
(Assistant Professor)
Department of Civil Engineering
CONTENTS
• WHAT IS A PAVEMENT?
• FUNCTIONS OF THE PAVEMENT
• REQUIREMENTS OF PAVEMENT STRUCTURE
• TYPES OF PAVEMENT
• DESIGN FACTORS
• ELEMENTS INTO THE DESIGN OF A HIGHWAY
• INFORMATION NEED FOR THE ENGINEERS
• PAVEMENT DESIGN COURSE COVERS
• REFERENCES
What is a Pavement?
• Pavement is the upper part of roadway, airport or parking area
structure.
• It includes all layers resting on the original ground.
• It consists of all structural elements or layers, including
shoulders.
Functions of the Pavement
• Provide vehicle access between two points under all-weather
conditions.
• Provide safe, smooth and comfortable ride to road users without
undue delays and excessive wear & tear.

• Meet environmental and aesthetics requirement.
• Limited noise and air pollution.
• Reasonable economy.
Requirements of pavement structure
• Sufficient thickness to spread loading to a pressure intensity
tolerable by subgrade.
• Sufficiently strong to carry imposed stress due to traffic load.
• Pavement material should be impervious to penetration of
surface water which could weaken subgrade and subsequently

pavement.
• Pavement should be non-frost susceptible.
• Pavement surface should be skid resistant.

Types of Pavement
Types Of Pavement
Flexible Pavement Rigid Pavement

Flexible Pavements
• Flexible pavements will transmit wheel load stresses to the
lower layers by grain-to-grain transfer through the points of

contact in the granular structure.
• The wheel load acting on the pavement will be distributed to a
wider area, and the stress decreases with the depth.

• Taking advantage of this stress distribution characteristic,
flexible pavements normally has many layers.

Layers in Flexible Pavement
Fig.1.0: Typical Cross-section of a Flexible Pavement

Source: https://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/tvm/1100_LnTse/401_lnTse/plain/plain.html
Typical layers of a flexible pavement
Surface Course: This is the top layer and the layer that comes in
contact with traffic.
Base Course: This is the layer directly below the surface course
and generally consists of aggregates (either stabilized or un-
stabilized).
Sub-base Course: This is the layer (or layers) under the base
layer. A sub-base is not always needed.
Sub-grade Course: The "sub-grade" is the material upon which

the pavement structure is placed. The subgrade can often be the
overriding factor in pavement performance.
Stress Distribution Through Granular
Layers
Fig 2.0: Stress distribution though granular layers

Source: theconstructor.org/transportation/rigid-pavement-
composition-structure/5495/
Rigid Pavements
• Rigid pavements have sufficient flexural strength to transmit
the wheel load stresses to a wider area below.

• Compared to flexible pavement, rigid pavements are placed
either directly on the prepared sub-grade or on a single layer of

granular or stabilized material.
• A typical cross section of the rigid pavement is shown in
Figure.
Typical Rigid Pavement Layers
Figure 3.0: Typical Cross section of Rigid pavement

Source: https://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/tvm/1100_LnTse/401_lnTse/plain/plain.html
Typical layers of a rigid pavement
Surface course: This is the top layer, which consists of the PCC
slab, reinforced or continuously reinforced slabs.
Base course: This is the layer directly below the PCC layer and
generally consists of aggregate or stabilized sub-grade.
Sub-base course: This is the layer (or layers) under the base
layer. A sub-base is not always needed and therefore may often
be omitted.
Wheel Load Distribution
Fig 4.0: Transfer of Wheel Load in Rigid Pavement

Source: theconstructor.org/transportation/rigid-pavement-composition-structure/5495/
DESIGN FACTORS
The various factors to be considers for the design of pavements
are given below,
• Design wheel load
• Subgrade soil
• Climatic factors
• Pavement component materials
• Environmental factors
• Special factors in the design of different types of pavement.

Elements into the Design of a Highway
• Route - Geometric design
• Materials - Mix design
• Pavements - Thickness design

Information need for the Engineers
Topography
• Route (Access)
• Drainage (Hydrology)
• Cut / Fill (Cost)
Existing soils
• Must carry loads
• Determine structural requirements
• Affect drainage and drainage requirements

Weather (Rainfall – Temp. variation)
• Drainage
• Frost Heave
• Durability of Asphalt/PCC
Cost
• High initial cost - Low maintenance cost (high access)
• Low initial cost - High maintenance cost (low access)

Pavement Design Course Covers
Pavement types:
• Flexible (Asphalt Concrete)
• Rigid (Portland Cement Concrete)
Traffic Characterization
• Predict traffic loads over a certain period of years
Material Characterization
• Define material properties
Failure modes/causes:
• Rutting
• Cracking
Specifications
• AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials)
• MORTH (Ministry of Road Transport and Highways)
• INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS

REFERENCES
• Er. D Kumar Chowdary and Dr.Y.P Joshi (2014).”A Detailed
Study of CBR Method for Flexible Pavement Design” Int. Journal

of Engineering Research and Application, Vol. 4:2248-962.
• “Khanna .S.K & Justo C.E (March 2001)”, Highway Engineering,
Nem Chand & Bros Publications, Roorkee (U.A), Eighth Edition

• IRC:37-2012, “Guidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavements”
IRC, New Delhi.

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• FUNCTIONS OF THE PAVEMENT

• REQUIREMENTS OF PAVEMENT STRUCTURE

• ELEMENTS INTO THE DESIGN OF A HIGHWAY

• INFORMATION NEED FOR THE ENGINEERS

• PAVEMENT DESIGN COURSE COVERS

• It consists of all structural elements or layers, including

undue delays and excessive wear & tear.

• Limited noise and air pollution.

• Pavement material should be impervious to penetration of

surface water which could weaken subgrade and subsequently

• Pavement surface should be skid resistant.

Flexible Pavement Rigid Pavement

lower layers by grain-to-grain transfer through the points of

wider area, and the stress decreases with the depth.

flexible pavements normally has many layers.

Fig.1.0: Typical Cross-section of a Flexible Pavement

Sub-grade Course: The "sub-grade" is the material upon which

Fig 2.0: Stress distribution though granular layers

• Rigid pavements have sufficient flexural strength to transmit

the wheel load stresses to a wider area below.

either directly on the prepared sub-grade or on a single layer of

Figure 3.0: Typical Cross section of Rigid pavement

Fig 4.0: Transfer of Wheel Load in Rigid Pavement

• Pavement component materials

• Special factors in the design of different types of pavement.

• Materials - Mix design

• Pavements - Thickness design

• Cut / Fill (Cost)

• Determine structural requirements

• Affect drainage and drainage requirements

• Low initial cost - High maintenance cost (low access)

• Rigid (Portland Cement Concrete)

• INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS

Study of CBR Method for Flexible Pavement Design” Int. Journal

Nem Chand & Bros Publications, Roorkee (U.A), Eighth Edition

IRC, New Delhi.

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