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UNIX and LINUX Operating System

This document provides an overview of UNIX and Linux operating systems. It discusses that UNIX was developed in the 1960s and was one of the first operating systems written in a high-level language. Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 based on UNIX and is now widely used. The document outlines the basic components and features of Linux, including how it has a kernel that interacts with hardware, shells for user interfaces, and various application programs. It also compares Linux to Windows and lists some popular Linux distributions.

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Suraj Kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
577 views

UNIX and LINUX Operating System

This document provides an overview of UNIX and Linux operating systems. It discusses that UNIX was developed in the 1960s and was one of the first operating systems written in a high-level language. Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 based on UNIX and is now widely used. The document outlines the basic components and features of Linux, including how it has a kernel that interacts with hardware, shells for user interfaces, and various application programs. It also compares Linux to Windows and lists some popular Linux distributions.

Uploaded by

Suraj Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIX

OPERATING
SYSTEM

I do get my pizzas paid for by Linux indirectly.


-Linus Torvalds
INDEX

 What is an Operating System?


 What is UNIX?
 History of UNIX Operating System.
 LINUX Operating System.
 Features of LINUX Operating System.
 How to install LINUX?
 Structure of LINUX Operating System.
 Kernel in LINUX.
 Shell in LINUX.
 Comparison between LINUX & WINDOWS.
 Distributions of LINUX.
WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM?

 An operating system or OS is software installed on a


computer's hard drive that enables the computer
hardware to communicate and operate with the computer
software. Without a computer operating system, a
computer and software programs would be useless.

 In normal word, we can say that an operating system is a


messenger which helps the user to communicate with
the hardware.

 The picture shows latest Microsoft Windows 10


in its original packaging.
WHAT IS UNIX?

 UNIX is a multi-user, multitasking operating system (OS)


that was developed at AT&T Bell Labs in the late 1960s. It
was designed to be used exclusively by programmers and
became a leading operating system for workstations
because of its portability, flexibility, and power.

 UNIX systems also have a graphical user interface (GUI)


similar to Microsoft Windows which provides an easy to use
environment

 The UNIX operating system is made up of three parts; the


kernel, the shell and the programs.
HISTORY OF UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM

 The UNIX operating system was born in late 1960s. It’s


beginnings with MULTICS, which stands for Multiplexed
Operating and Computing System

 It was developed by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and


with few more peoples at AT&T Bell Labs in New jersey.

 It was the first operating system which is developed in high


level language (C Programming Language)

 Later in 1991 UNIX updated in Linux operating system.


It is a picture of Bell Labs (Ken Thompson is
sitting on the chair and Dennis Ritchie is
standing next to Ken).
LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

 Linux is an open-source operating system like other


operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, Apple
Mac OS, iOS, Google android, etc.

 It was developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991, which


sprouted as an idea to improve the UNIX OS. First look of Kali Linux

 Now-a-days from smartphones to cars, supercomputers


and home appliances, home desktops to enterprise
servers, the Linux operating system is everywhere.

 It is free of cost, and free from proprietary restrictions and


hidden functions.
FEATURES OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

 Multiuser capability
 Multitasking
 Portability
 Security
 Live CD/USB
 Graphical User Interface (X Window system)
 Support's customized keyboard
 Application support
 File System
 Open Source
HOW TO INSTALL UBUNTU LINUX?
NOTE:- For installing Ubuntu , we need a bootable pendrive/CD Drive.

PART 1 ( BOOT A PENDRIVE)

Step 1:- Search ubuntu.com on google.


Step 2:- Download ISO file of Ubuntu.
Step 3:- For booting a pendrive we need a
software Rufus. So now we search
Rufus.ie on google.
Step 4:- Now we are able boot to our
pendrive/CD Drive.

Note:- Always download LTS file for Long Term Support


PART 2 ( BOOTING OUR SYSTEM)

Step 1:- Insert your bootable pendrive in System.

Step 2:- Click on Try Ubuntu for checking your all


hardwares are working properly or not.

Step 3:- After checking all hardwares, click on Install


Ubuntu. Then select your language.

Step 4:- Now customize all setup according your


System.
Step 5:- Now create your partition disk according you.
Note:- Provide atleast 2x of your RAM capacity for
Ubuntu Swap Area.

Step 6:- After completing Partition process. World Map


will be visible on your screen. In map click on
your country

Step 7:- Fill up your details and click on continue.


Congrats! Your Ubuntu linux successfully
installed.

Note:- You can also install Ubuntu on your


current operating system with using
virtualbox VM.
STRUCTURE OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
The Linux system basically works on 4 layers.

Hardware − Hardware consists of all


physical devices attached to the System.
For example: Hard disk drive, RAM,
Motherboard, CPU etc.

Kernel − Kernel is the core component for


any (Linux) operating system which
directly interacts with the hardware.
Structure of Linux
Shell − Shell is the interface which takes
input from Users and sends instructions to
the Kernel.

Applications − These are the utility


programs which runs on Shell.
KERNEL IN LINUX
 A kernel is just a program which bootloaders loads
into your memory which performs a variety of tasks
and nothing more than that.

 One of that tasks is providing application interface to


interact with the hardware and interact with the
drivers.
Others function of kernel

 Providing all the system calls


 Handling the VFS
 To operate Device files
 It’s Modular
 Handling API
Where it is?
Size of Kernel
Checking version of kernel
SHELL IN LINUX
 It acts as Interpreter between user and OS.

 Takes the input and translate in Machine


language and process it in OS level.

 For output purpose, Machine language sends to


shell, shell translate and send to user.
TYPES OF SHELL

 Bourne shell (sh)


 Korn shell (ksh)
 Bourne Again shell (bash)
 POSIX shell (sh)
 C shell (csh)
 TENEX/TOPS C shell (tcsh)

SHELL TYPES
SHELL SCRIPTING

 Writing a series of commands in linux terminal is called as


Shell Scripting.

 It combines lengthy and repetitive sequences of commands.

 It also helps in reduce the efforts which is required by the


end-user.

Using cal command in Linux


LINUX VS WINDOWS

Linux Windows
Linux is an open-source OS Microsoft is a commercial OS
Linux users can access the Window users can’t access the
source code of OS source code of OS (Not easily)

It runs faster than the Windows It is also fast but not as much as
OS Linux

Linux doesn’t collects any data Windows collects data to


of users. enhance the consumer
experience
Linux Windows
It is more reliable than It is also reliable but not as
Windows. much as Linux.
In gaming, Linux is not too Windows has an upper
good for gaming. hand by a huge margin as
most developers create
games for windows only.

Linux is a highly secure It has always a security


system, and bugs and issue.
vulnerabilities can be fixed
easily due to its open-
source platform,
It’s completely free. We need to pay for it.
DISTRIBUTION OF LINUX

Different flavours of Linux

 Debian
 Gentoo
 Ubuntu
 Linux Mint
 Red Hat Enterprise Linux
 CentOS
 Fedora
 Kali Linux
 Arch Linux
 OpenSUSE
SOME IMPORTANT COMMAND IN LINUX

 pwd command - Use the pwd command to find out the path of the current
working directory (folder) you’re in.

 cd command - To navigate through the Linux files and directories, use


the cd command.

 cat command - It is used to list the contents of a file on the standard output
(sdout).

 mv command - The primary use of the mv command is to move files,


although it can also be used to rename files.

 mkdir command - Use mkdir command to make a new directory — if you


type mkdir Music it will create a directory called Music.

 touch command - The touch command allows you to create a blank new


file through the Linux command line.
Thanks!

Prepared by
- Suraj Kumar

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