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Python Training Course V

This document discusses Python modules, packages, and the standard library. It explains that modules are files containing Python code that can be imported. Packages are directories containing an __init__.py file that allow modules within the directory to be imported as submodules. The standard library contains many useful modules for tasks like sending emails. Users can also find additional third-party Python packages on repositories like PyPI to expand functionality.

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Ruei Yu Zeng
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69 views21 pages

Python Training Course V

This document discusses Python modules, packages, and the standard library. It explains that modules are files containing Python code that can be imported. Packages are directories containing an __init__.py file that allow modules within the directory to be imported as submodules. The standard library contains many useful modules for tasks like sending emails. Users can also find additional third-party Python packages on repositories like PyPI to expand functionality.

Uploaded by

Ruei Yu Zeng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Training Course V

Modules, Packages and Programs


 Standalone Programs
 Modules and the import Statement
 Packages
 The Python Standard Library
 More Batteries: Get Other Python Code

2
Standalone Programs

Save to test1.py

Save to test2.py

3
Modules and the import Statement

4
Import a Module A module is just a file
of Python code.
weatherman.py

report.py

imported the choice() function


from the random module directly

5
Import a Module

what to import, but not where


to do the importing

You should consider importing


from outside the function if the
imported code might be used in
more than one place.

6
Import a Module with Another Name

You can import one or more


parts of a module. Each part
can keep its original name or
you can give it an alias.

7
Module Search Path

'' , which stands for the current directory


Python looks in the current directory
first when you try to import something

If you define a module named random and it’s in the


search path before the standard library, you won’t be
able to access the standard library’s random now.
8
Packages

9
Packages You’ll need one more thing in the
sources directory: a file named
__init__.py. This can be empty, but
Python needs it to treat the
directory containing it as a
package.

10
Function of enumerate
A new built-in function,
enumerate(), will make
certain loops a bit clearer.
enumerate(thing), where
thing is either an iterator
or a sequence, returns a
iterator that will return (0,
thing[0]), (1, thing[1]), (2,
thing[2]), and so forth.

The optional argument allows us


to tell enumerate from where to
start the index.

11
練習題

 P.121 ~ 122 Things to Do 5.1 ~ 5.4

12
The Python Standard Library

13
Handle Missing Keys with setdefault()

如果不存在 key ‘Carbon’ 就加進


去

已存在 key ‘Helium’, 就維持原來的


value

14
Handle Missing Keys with defaultdict() (I)

defaultdict 的 argument 為
function ，
而 int() = 0

未來只要不存在的 key 其 value 就是


0

If you omit the argument, the initial


value of a new key will be set to None .

15
Handle Missing Keys with defaultdict() (II)

16
Count Items with Counter()

列出 top 1

17
Count Items with Counter()

18
The Python 3 Standard Library by Example
19
More Batteries: Get Other Python Code
 PyPI Python Packages Index
https://pypi.python.org/pypi
 github
https://github.com/Python
 readthedocs
https://readthedocs.org/

20
練習題
 運用 standard library 中的 smtplib 寄一封
email 到自己的信箱
 提示：請參考
The Python 3 Standard Library by Example 書
中的範例
or
官方網站
https://docs.python.org/3/library/smtplib.htm

21

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